WCDMA下行链路一种加权的信道估计方法

本文针对第三代移动通信标准WCDMA(FDD)下行链路的结构，提出了一种新的利用公共导频信道和专用数据信道中的导频符号进行加权的信道估计方法。仿真表明本方案有效地提高了信道参数估计的准确度，使Rake接收机的性能比传统的只利用公共导频信道进行信道估计的方案有了一定的改善，特别是在公共导频信道受到明显衰落时。     

二维RAKE接收机中一种新的信道矢量估计算法

在二维RAKE接收机中，通常仅用导频信道来估计信道矢量，当导频功率较低时，估计误差较大。本文提出一种新的信道矢量估计算法，该算法采用导频信道与业务信道联合估计技术，通过分集组合两个信道的估计结果，使信道矢量的估计精度得到了提高，仿真结果表明，该算法能有效地降低系统的误码率。     

WCDMA系统中结合导频与信息码的信道估计方法

研究了快衰落环境中第三代移动通信空中接口WCDMA(FDD),基于时分复用的导频信号辅助衰落信道下的信道估计。提出了同时根据导频信号及数据信号估计信道参数的信道估计方法,该方法将信道估计分为根据导频信号和数据信号两部分进行并由其加权合并完成。计算了最小均方误差下的合并系数。仿真结果表明该方法能快速跟踪信道的衰落,有效地估计出各时隙中数据段的信道参数。利用该算法,尤其在高速运动情况下,接收机的性能可得到显著的改善。     

A wavelength reusing/sharing access protocol for multichannelphotonic dual bus networks

In a multichannel photonic dual bus network, each of the unidirectional bus contains a number of channels (wavelengths) and the bus headend periodically generates fixed length slots on each of the channels. Generally, one channel called control channel is used to carry signals and the others are data channels. Each station is equipped with one fixed-transmitter and one fixed-receiver which are permanently tuned to the dedicated control channel, and n tunable-transmitters and m tunable-receivers are tunable over the entire wavelength range. For nonoverlapping traffic in network, the maximum network throughput will be achieved by applying the wavelength reusing concept. Given a set of serving traffic, a set of new traffic requests, and c data channels (wavelengths), the wavelength/receiver assignment problem [(n,m,c)-WRAP] is to assign a transmission wavelength and a receiver for each of the request such that the network throughput is maximized and the number of assigned wavelengths is minimized. In this paper, we prove that the (n,m,c)-WRAP is NP-hard. An efficient distributed wavelength reusing/sharing access protocol (DWRAP) is proposed for the (1,m,c)-WRAP. Based on the DWRAP, three different schemes are proposed for assigning the wavelength/receiver. The throughput of the DWRAP is analyzed and the performance of the three proposed schemes on the DWRAP are evaluated and compared by simulation. Simulation results demonstrate that for a limited number of wavelengths and receivers, the proposed schemes substantially improve the network throughput and access delay under general traffic demands     

A Decision Aided CDMA Receiver with Partially Adaptive Decorrelating Multi-User Interference Cancellation

A CDMA receiver with enhanced multiple access interference (MAI) suppressionis proposed for a pilot symbols assisted system over multipath channels. Thedesign of the receiver involves the following procedure. First, blind adaptivecorrelators are constructed at different fingers based on the scheme ofgeneralized sidelobe canceller (GSC) to collect the multipath signals andsuppress MAI. A low-complexity partially adaptive (PA) realization of the GSCcorrelators is proposed which incorporates multi-user information for reducedrank processing. By a judiciously designed decorrelating procedure, a new GSCstructure is obtained in which the MAI are decorrelated and suppressedindividually. The next step is then a simple coherent combining of thecorrelator outputs with pilot aided channel estimation. Finally, furtherperformance enhancement is achieved by an iterative scheme in which the signalis reconstructed and subtracted from the GSC correlators input data, leadingto faster convergence of the receiver. The proposed low-complexity PA CDMAmulti-user receiver is shown to be robust to multipath fading and channelerrors, and achieve nearly the same performance of the ideal maximum SINR andMMSE receivers by using a small number of pilot symbols.     

Binary adaptive coded pilot symbol assisted modulation over Rayleigh fading channels without feedback

Pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) is a standard approach for transceiver design for time-varying channels, with channel estimates obtained from pilot symbols being employed for coherent demodulation of the data symbols. In this paper, we show that PSAM schemes can be improved by adapting the coded modulation strategy at the sender to the quality of the channel measurement at the receiver, without requiring any channel feedback from the receiver. We consider performance in terms of achievable rate for binary signaling schemes. The transmitter employs interleaved codes, with data symbols coded according to their distance from the nearest pilot symbols. Symbols far away from pilot symbols encounter poorer channel measurements at the receiver and are therefore coded with lower rate codes, while symbols close to pilot symbols benefit from recent channel measurements and are coded with higher rate codes. The performance benefits from this approach are quantified in the context of binary signaling over time-varying Rayleigh fading channels described by a Gauss-Markov model. The spacing of the pilot symbols is optimized to maximize the mutual information between input and output in this setting. Causal and noncausal channel estimators of varying complexity and delay are considered. It is shown that, by appropriate optimization for the spacing between consecutive pilot symbols, the adaptive coding techniques proposed can improve achievable rate, without any feedback from the receiver to the sender. Moreover, channel estimation based on the two closest pilot symbols is generally close to optimal.     

Zero-delay channel estimation based on pilot and traffic channelsfor DS/CDMA systems

A channel estimation scheme, based on both pilot and traffic channels, is proposed for next generation DS/CDMA systems. This scheme has no channel estimation delay, and is found to perform significantly better than a scheme based on only the pilot channel     

WCDMA系统中导频符号辅助的空时二维RAKE接收机

针对WCDMA上行链路的时分导频和复扩频方式的特点 ,提出了一种适用于WCDMA系统的线性自适应空时二维RAKE接收机 .利用导频符号进行信道估计 ,并作为空间波束成型器的参考信号 .理论分析和在多用户时变频率选择性衰落信道下的仿真研究表明 ,对导频信号的充分利用可以降低空时二维接收机的实现复杂度 ,所提的接收机能明显提高接收机的输出信干噪比 ,降低误码率     

WCDMA下行信道RAKE接收机的性能分析

在第三代移动通信WCDMA的最新通信标准^[1]中,下行信道在保留时分复用导频符号的同时,新增了公共导频信道.本文针对WCDMA这一最新改变,给出了利用公共导频信道进行信道估计,实现相干RAKE接收的模型算法、性能分析及仿真结果.仿真表明,利用公共导频信道的RAKE接收机性能明显优于时分插入导频符号辅助的RAKE接收机的性能,尤其在高速及变速运动情况下,而且具有信道估计算法简单、信道跟踪实时性强的特点.     

智能天线中一种迭代的联合信道估计 与符号检测算法

在传统的二维RAKE接收机中,通常使用导频信道来估计信道矢量,进而求取加权系数,用于业务信道符号序列的检测.当导频功率较低时,信道估计误差较大,系统性能较差.本文提出了一种新的算法,先利用导频进行信道矢量的初始估计,然后用带投影的迭代最小二乘法,进行信道和符号序列的联合估计,该算法具有计算复杂度低,收敛速度快的特点.仿真结果表明:与传统二维RAKE接收机相比,该算法使系统的误码性能得到了有效改善.     

On the architecture and performance of an FFT-based spread-spectrumdownlink RAKE receiver

This paper describes a spread-spectrum downlink RAKE receiver that computes data detection in the frequency domain. We assume a pilot signal is transmitted with data signals for channel sounding. The pilot signal does not degrade the receiver bit error rate (BER) performance because the receiver estimates the pilot signal and subtracts the estimated pilot signal from the received signal before data detection. A spreading code matched filter, a channel matched filter, and a sounding receiver are implemented by fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based matched filtering and integrated in a unified architecture. Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the receiver BER performance in both a static channel and a mobile radio channel. Simulation results show that the RAKE receiver performs well in both kinds of channels     

Soft iterative multisensor multiuser detection in coded dispersiveCDMA wireless channels

A soft iterative multisensor array receiver for coded multiuser wideband code-division multiple-access wireless uplink channels is proposed, such channels are typically both frequency- and time-selective. A new equivalent discrete-time synchronous representation is used to model asynchronous multiuser dispersive channels that employ, in general, random spreading. The proposed scheme suppresses multiuser interference over a wide range of user signal powers, by iteratively exchanging soft information between a minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) multiuser demodulator and a bank of single-user decoders, feeding back the outputs of the latter to aid in soft multiuser multisensor MMSE-RAKE demodulation and subtractive interference cancellation, in the second and subsequent iterations. It displays near-far resistance since it behaves like a successive interference subtracter across iterations. The array responses are obtained via a multipass estimation scheme that uses both (temporal) pilot symbols and soft estimates fed back from the decoders to effectively provide multisymbol pilot signals and thence successively refined estimates with increasing iterations, while seeking neither to rely on the array geometry nor to estimate the directions from which users' signals arrive at the receiver. Simulation studies indicate that this scheme performs close to the single-user case with a two-sensor receiver array, and perfect channel state information, after four iterations; alternatively, it allows significantly increased user capacity compared with conventional receivers, and suffers only a modest loss with estimated array responses     

Extended MLSE receiver for the frequency-flat, fast-fading channel

This paper develops a maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) receiver for the frequency-flat, fast-fading channel corrupted by additive Gaussian noise when linear modulations (M-ASK, M-PSK, and M-QAM) are employed. This paper extends Ungerboeck's derivation of the extended MLSE receiver for the purely frequency-selective channel to the time-selective channel. Although the new receiver's structure and metric assume ideal channel state information (CSI) at the receiver, the receiver structure can be used wherever high-quality CSI is available. The receiver is maximum likelihood for a variety of channels, including Ricean, Rayleigh, lognormal, and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. Bounds on the receiver's bit error rate (BER) are deduced for ideal and pilot tone CSI for fast Rayleigh fading. A crude lower bound is developed on the BER of predictor-based receivers for the same channel. This paper offers insight into matched filtering and receiver processing for the fast-fading channel and shows how pilot symbols and tones should be exploited     

On channel estimation and sequence detection of interleaved codedsignals over frequency nonselective Rayleigh fading channels

Due to the receiver complexity introduced by interleaving, the implementation of maximum likelihood (IML) decoding of interleaved coded signals transmitted over frequency nonselective Rayleigh fading channels has been shown to be practically impossible. As an alternative, a two-stage receiver structure has been proposed, where the channel estimation and sequence decoding are done separately. The channel estimation issue in a two-stage receiver is examined in detail in this paper. It is shown that although an optimum (maximum a posteriori (MAP)) channel estimation is not possible in practice, it can be approached asymptotically by joint MAP estimation of the channel and the coded data sequence. The implementation of the joint MAP estimation is shown to be an ML sequence estimator followed by an minimum mean-square error (MMSE) channel estimator. Approximate fill sequence estimation using pilot symbol interpolation is also studied, and through computer simulations, its performance is compared to receivers using hit sequence estimation. The effect of decision delay (DD), prediction order, and pilot insertion rate (PIR) on the reduced complexity ML sequence estimation is investigated as well. Finally, a practical receiver is proposed that makes the best compromise among the error performance, receiver complexity, DD, and power (or bandwidth) expansion due to pilot insertion     

Adaptive Counting Rule for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Under Correlated Environments

We propose in this paper a dual-antenna-array (with transmitter antenna array and receiver antenna array) architecture, where the antenna elements are divided into several antenna element sets and each traffic channel is transmitted over an antenna element set, to realize the multiple traffic channels set up by a user. A SINR feedback based algorithm, which can regulate the transmission rate by iteratively adjusting the power on each traffic channel, is proposed to execute the rate control for the proposed dual-antenna-array architecture under cochannel interference. It is shown that the proposed algorithm can make the throughput meet the throughput requirement or achieve the weighted bandwidth sharing for certain fairness. In addition, we further propose a traffic channel configuration algorithm to help the SINR feedback based algorithm find the optimal traffic channel configuration that can meet the throughput requirement for each traffic channel or results in the maximal total throughput for each user.     

Adaptive joint detection and decoding in flat-fading channels viamixture Kalman filtering

A novel adaptive Bayesian receiver for signal detection and decoding in fading channels with known channel statistics is developed; it is based on the sequential Monte Carlo methodology that has emerged in the field of statistics. The basic idea is to treat the transmitted signals as “missing data” and to sequentially impute multiple samples of them based on the observed signals. The imputed signal sequences, together with their importance weights, provide a way to approximate the Bayesian estimate of the transmitted signals and the channel states. Adaptive receiver algorithms for both uncoded and convolutionally coded systems are developed. The proposed techniques can easily handle the non-Gaussian ambient channel noise. It is shown through simulations that the proposed sequential Monte Carlo receivers achieve near-bound performance in fading channels for both uncoded and coded systems, without the use of any training/pilot symbols or decision feedback. Moreover, the proposed receiver structure exhibits massive parallelism and is ideally suited for high-speed parallel implementation using the very large scale integration (VLSI) systolic array technology     

Steered-STS Transmit Antenna Architecture With Semiblind Channel Estimation at the Receiver in CDMA2000

The problem of pilot and data channel mismatch in a steered space-time spreading (SSTS) system is addressed by means of advanced signal processing at the mobile receiver. The main idea is to apply the SSTS antenna array architecture and transmission algorithm and involve both the pilot and traffic signals in channel estimation at the receiver. Two semiblind algorithms are compared with the conventional pilot-based receiver in a CDMA2000-1X RC3 environment by means of simulations with variable speed and spatial angular spread, taking into account main imperfections such as estimation error for the correlation coefficient at the reverse link, calibration error, and different pilot powers for diversity antennas. It is demonstrated that the semiblind algorithms outperform the conventional receiver in the low- and medium-speed area.     

A novel turbo GFDM-IM receiver for MIMO communications

Generalized frequency-division multiplexing (GFDM) is a candidate waveform for the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems. However, the carrier frequency offset (CFO) causing synchronization problem is very important for GFDM system. In this paper, we propose a turbo receiver with channel estimation, equalization and CFO compensation for MIMO (multiple input multiple output) GFDM system with index modulation (IM). So far, no related researches exist. This paper proposes a novel receiver to solve CFO compensation with two-path transmission and proposes a modified phase rotated conjugate cancellation (PRCC) algorithm for the receiver. On the other hand, GFDM with index modulation (GFDM-IM) can achieve better performance and lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) than those of GFDM by using active index subcarrier. To reduce the system complexity, the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) criteria is also employed to search which subcarrier is active. Moreover, the Kalman filter is employed to trace the time-varying channels. The initial channel estimation is performed by the sparse pilot signals. In the simulations, we compare the proposed receiver with several existing schemes in different time-varying channels and modulations. The proposed scheme outperforms the existing schemes.     

Detection of OFDM Signals in Fast-Varying Channels With Low-Density Pilot Symbols

In fast-varying channels, an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing system needs to insert denser pilot symbols among transmitted symbols in tracking the variation of a channel. However, using denser pilot symbols reduces transmission throughput. In this paper, we propose a pseudopilot algorithm for data detection in fast-varying channels without increasing the pilot density. Our algorithm is based on a regressional model-based least-squares-fitting approach. Within a block of received symbols, we select some data symbols and regard them as pseudopilot symbols. The receiver considers all the possible patterns of the pseudopilots and associates each of them with a data sequence and a corresponding metric. The associated data sequence, whose metric is minimum, is selected as the detected data sequence. Our algorithm is not based on a decision-directed or decision-feedback architecture because the pseudopilots do not come from any detected symbols. The proposed algorithm needs to search all the possible patterns of the pseudopilots, and the complexity may increase with the number of pseudopilots and constellation size. To reduce the number of search, we further propose two modified approaches. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithms could approach a bit-error probability lower bound that is obtained by letting the receiver know the true values of the pseudopilots. Compared with the linear interpolation method, the proposed algorithm shows obvious improvement in fast-varying channels. The proposed modified approaches could also effectively reduce the number of search while maintaining the performance. We also give the complexity analysis of the proposed algorithm and an approach to determine the degree of the regression polynomial.     

2-D rake receiver based on space-time channel parameter estimation

2-D RAKE receiver is an efficient way to realize the space-time processing for CDMA systems with aperiodic spreading codes. The Direction Of Arrival (DOA) and the relative time delay of every user's multipath must be known to realize the 2-D RAKE receiver. In the third generation CDMA mobile communication system, auxiliary pilot channel is used in the uplink channels. The different user's Vector Channel Impulse Response (VCIR) can be estimated from the pilot channel easily. The VCIR contains spatial and temporal information. In this paper, by utilizing the known pulse shape function, a parameter matrix method used to estimate the Spatial Signature Vector (SSV) and the relative time delay is proposed in frequency domain. The DOA can be estimated from the SSV. By reconstructing the SSV and utilizing approximate Capon space filter, the performance of the 2-D RAKE receiver with uniform circular array can be improved with a little additional computation work.