石墨烯复合纤维及其功能性纺织品性能研究

文章阐述了石墨烯纺织品的应用前景,制备并表征了石墨烯和再生纤维素复合纤维,探究了石墨烯的含量对于纺织品性能的影响。研究结果表明,石墨烯和再生纤维素复合纤维具有优异的导电、导热和机械性能,显著提升了再生纤维素的各方面性能,使其在功能性纺织品领域具有广阔的应用空间。     

石墨烯粘胶复合纤维的性能研究

探讨石墨烯复合纤维的性能。制备出不同比例的石墨烯粘胶复合纤维。通过扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪等对纤维的微观形态和内部结构进行了表征;进一步研究了该纤维的强伸性能、阻燃性能和防紫外线性能。结果表明:石墨烯粘胶复合纤维较普通粘胶纤维具有更优异的机械性能;石墨烯的加入可明显改善纤维的阻燃性能;石墨烯粘胶复合纤维具有良好的防紫外线性能(UPF50)。认为:石墨烯粘胶复合纤维提高了普通粘胶纤维的附加值,使其在功能性防护纺织品领域具有较好的应用前景。     

改性密胺树脂-纤维素复合纤维制备及性能

以再生纤维素纤维为基体,MS-200型钛酸酯偶联剂改性密胺树脂为功能性添加助剂,制备改性密胺树脂-纤维素复合纤维。介绍MS-200型钛酸酯偶联剂改性密胺树脂的制备方法,并对改性密胺树脂-纤维素复合纤维的形态结构、热学性能、阻燃性能以及物理机械性能进行测试分析。结果表明:MS-200型钛酸酯偶联剂改性密胺树脂-纤维素复合纤维的截面形态与普通纤维素纤维类似,改性密胺树脂在纤维横截面中均匀分布;与普通纤维素纤维相比,改性密胺树脂-纤维素复合纤维的热稳定性有所下降,但残碳率增加,极限氧指数升高,干断裂强度和湿断裂强度都有提升,但纤维中改性密胺树脂的流失量较大,干态下断裂伸长率下降。     

光热功能再生纤维素纤维制备及性能研究

制备碳化锆粉体分散体系,并将其加入再生纤维素纤维纺丝溶液中,采用湿法纺丝工艺制备光热功能再生纤维素纤维。详细介绍光热功能再生纤维素纤维的制备方法,并对该纤维素纤维的光热功能、形态结构以及结晶结构进行测试。结果表明,所制备的碳化锆分散体系具有良好的分散效果;光热功能再生纤维素纤维具有较强的红外吸收和可见光吸收能力,能够有效地将光能转化为热能;光热功能再生纤维素纤维的形态结构与普通再生纤维素纤维类似,碳化锆粉体在纤维中分布均匀;碳化锆光热功能再生纤维素纤维含有结晶的碳化锆粉体且在再生纤维素纤维中具有良好的分散性。     

超细石墨再生纤维素复合纤维制备及性能研究

选择几种常见分散剂制备超细石墨粉体分散体系,并优选最佳分散剂。以再生纤维素溶液为基体,制备超细石墨再生纤维素复合纤维。详细介绍超细石墨再生纤维素复合纤维的制备方法,并对复合纤维的形态结构、红外光谱、X射线衍射曲线、热学性能进行测试分析。结果表明,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)对超细石墨粉体的分散效果最好;超细石墨再生纤维素复合纤维横截面呈锯齿状,纵向表面有沟槽,超细石墨粉体在纤维中分布均匀;超细石墨的加入导致纤维素纤维中原有化学键的比例下降,红外峰值降低;超细石墨与纤维素纤维基体具有良好的相容性;与常规纤维素纤维相比,超细石墨再生纤维素复合纤维的热稳定性更好。     

石墨烯复合纤维与纺织品的功能

阐述了石墨烯纤维素复合纤维的功能性研究,包括力学性能、防紫外线性能、抗静电性能及阻燃性能等。研究了石墨烯对锦纶纤维的改性以及石墨烯功能性纺织品,包括石墨烯复合紫外防护织物、聚苯胺氧化石墨烯功能织物以及聚乙烯醇/石墨烯复合织物。最后,对功能石墨烯复合纤维与纺织品的应用及发展进行了展望。     

新型再生蛋白质复合纤维素纤维的结构与性能

为了掌握新型再生蛋白质复合纤维素纤维的性能,组织纺织产品开发,对纤维进行了扫描电镜下的外观形态观察,红外光谱分析、热性能分析和拉伸性能测试,结果发现:蛋白质含量为10%的新型蛋白质复合纤维素纤维的表面形态和微观结构均与粘胶纤维相似,具有粘胶纤维的典型特征,但纤维表面粗糙,纵向沟槽里堆积着许多凸凹不平的沉积物,线密度变异较大,红外光谱图里有蛋白质的特征峰,具有较好的热稳定性。再生蛋白质复合纤维素纤维的各项力学性能指标的变异系数都比普通粘胶纤维大;其断裂强力,断裂伸长率及强度都比普通粘胶纤维小,纤维的刚性增大,柔韧性变差。     

新型蛋白质复合再生纤维素纤维的开发应用

介绍了新型蛋白质复合再生纤维素纤维的制备技术、性能特点及开发应用。重点对该纤维的形态结构及性能进行了分析,得出其纤维截面形态结构与普通黏胶纤维不同,呈现不规则扁平中空结构,外缘圆滑。红外谱图表明蛋白质复合再生纤维素纤维是由纤维素纤维和蛋白质纤维复合而成。X射线衍射分析表明,复合纤维随蛋白质超细粉体添加,取向度和结晶度下降。采用凯氏定氮法、次氯酸钠法对蛋白质复合再生纤维素纤维进行蛋白质含量的测定和对比分析,结果表明：虽然在制备过程中蛋白超细粉体随着添加量的增加,流失量增加,但是流失后纤维中蛋白质含量仍然相对较高,保证了纤维的性能特征。     

石墨烯/聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维的制备

为深入了解石墨烯/聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纤维的形态结构、力学性能和制备条件,通过静电纺丝技术制备了石墨烯/PVDF复合纳米纤维。对静电纺纳米纤维的表面微观形貌和力学性能进行了表征,研究了PVDF质量浓度、静电纺电压、接收距离、石墨烯的加入量等参数对复合纤维制备的影响。结果表明:石墨烯以3种形式存在于纳米纤维之中;当加入石墨烯(GE300)质量分数为1%时,所得到的静电纺纳米纤维拉伸强度为3.22 MPa;对比纯PVDF材料,其拉伸强度增加了49.1%;当PVDF质量分数为26%,静电纺电压为20 k V,接收距离为20 cm时,静电纺过程稳定,可得到直径均匀的石墨烯/PVDF纳米纤维。     

再生纤维素纳米纤维膜的制备及其蛋白质分离性能

为将纳米纤维膜应用于蛋白质分离处理,用静电纺丝和化学改性方法制备聚丙烯腈/再生纤维素（PAN∕ RC）复合纳米纤维膜,通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、比表面积及孔径分析等对制备的复合纳米纤维膜进行了表征,并将制备的再生纤维素复合纳米纤维膜作为分离层,构建膜分离系统并分离纯化血清白蛋白,通过调节操作压力和过滤时间等影响因素,确定其分离纯化过程的最佳条件。研究结果表明：在操作压力为0.10 MPa、过滤时间为1.5h条件下,再生纤维素复合纳米纤维膜对蛋白质的截留率达到80.04%,膜通量达到1.85L ∕ （m²?min）,与商用聚醚砜超滤膜相比,在截留率差异不大的情况下,膜通量有了数倍的提升;同时再生纤维素复合纳米纤维膜具有优异的重复使用能力,并在使用的过程中保持良好的纳米纤维形态结构。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press