金属氧化物中磷含量测定的实验研究

建立了钼酸铵（测定磷的重要试剂）分光光度法测定金属氧化物中磷含量的分析方法。使用1-氨基-2-萘酚-4-磺酸、亚硫酸钠和偏重亚硫酸钠混合液作为还原液,浓硝酸溶解样品。在深入分析影响测量磷含量准确度的多种因素基础上,本实验从硝酸用量,溶液酸度控制,最佳显色波长,比色皿的选择,显色持续时间,工作曲线和标准曲线是否重合等多个方面进行实验条件的研究。结果表明工作曲线和标准曲线重合,可选用标准曲线代替工作曲线。最佳实验条件为硝酸加入量2mL,溶液浓度1mol/mL,吸收波长710nm,显色持续时间为30min。该方法的标准曲线y=75.031x+0.1132,线性相关系数r=0.9997,线性范围3.57～57.14μg/mL,回收率95.3%～103.2%。该方法操作简单,实验过程稳定,结果重现性好,可用于金属氧化物样品中磷含量的测定。     

烷基磷酸酯中有效磷的测定

用抗坏血酸-磷钼蓝分光光度法测定烷基磷酸酯中的有效磷。有效磷=总磷-无机磷。考察了检测波长、显色剂用量、硫酸加入量及显色时间等测定条件对测定结果的影响。方法最佳测定条件为:检测波长820nm;硫酸(9.58 mol.L-1)、钼酸铵(60 g.L-1)、抗坏血酸(100 g.L-1)的加入量分别为2.00、2.00、1.00 mL,70℃水浴条件下显色20 min。在该条件下,测定吸光度值与质量浓度呈线性关系,总磷测定回归方程为:A=0.1924ρ+0.0134,相关系数r=0.999 5;无机磷用正戊醇萃取法测定,回归方程为:A=0.1846ρ+0.0094,相关系数r=0.999 1。方法回收率为91%~97%,RSD小于3.4%。该方法操作简单、计算方便,有望应用于磷酸酯生产的质量控制。     

分光光度法测定改性后磷石膏中水溶性P2O5

采用钼酸铵分光光度法测定改性磷石膏中水溶性P2O5含量.对测定方法进行条件实验,得出了优化的实验参数和线性关系良好的工作曲线.用本法测定改性磷石膏中水溶性P2O5,n=9,RSD为0.84%～2.12%,加标回收率在97.80%～99.00%.     

磷钼黄分光光度法测定过氧化氢中磷含量

研究采用磷钼黄分光光度法测定过氧化氢中磷含量。在硝酸介质中,磷酸根离子可以和钒酸根离子以及钼酸根离子作用生成可溶性的黄色配合物（P2O5·V2O5·22MoO3·nH2O）,在460nm波长处测量吸光度,结果表明磷含量在0．50～30μg／mL范围内时,磷含量与吸光度呈线性关系,线性回归方程是y=44．037x-0．0084,相关系数为0．9999,检出限为0．50μg／mL。     

紫外-可见分光光度法测定噻唑磷含量

建立紫外-可见分光光度法测定噻唑磷含量的方法.溶剂为正己烷,测定波长为213.9 nm,样品质量浓度为36.375 mg/L.采用对照比较法计算含量.噻唑磷在23.92～95.68 mg/L质量浓度范围内呈线性关系线性相关系数为0.9996.精密度实验RSD不超过0.74%,准确性分析表明噻唑磷的回收率在100.21%～101.16%之间.     

铋磷钼蓝光度法测定钛铁矿中的磷

研究了在0．5～1．0mol·L－1的硫酸介质中,利用硝酸钠作还原催化剂,以抗坏血酸将磷钼钻离子还原成磷钼蓝的方法来测定钛铁矿中的磷,其最大吸收峰43λmax=720nm,Σ20=0．6×104L·mol-1·cm－1,磷区在0～50μg·（50mL）-1范围内符合比尔定律。     

磷酸锌中磷含量的快速测定

采用磷钒钼黄比色法测定磷酸锌中磷含量。当磷含量为0 ~10mg/L时,直线方程线性关系良好,符合郎伯-比尔定律,吸光系数为1. 7×104 L/(mol·cm)。对比测定结果表明,磷钒钼黄比色法对实际样品测定结果与磷钼酸喹啉重量法相近,变异系数RSD<5. 00%,可作为磷酸锌产品磷的简洁、快速测定。     

分光光度法快速测定复合肥中有效磷含量

研究了分光光度法快速测定复合肥中有效磷含量的方法,对测定过程的波长、酸度、显色剂用量、显色时间、不同提取时间进行了探讨。在酸性溶液中,磷酸根与钒钼酸铵显色剂反应生成稳定的黄色络合物,在400 nm波长处进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.17%~0.40%,回收率为95.30%~107.94%。     

分光光度法测定磷石膏钙渣中硫酸根含量

钙渣中含有杂质硫酸根,其含量给磷石膏钙渣制备轻质碳酸钙工艺中除杂过程带来负担,同时是影响轻质碳酸钙产品质量的一个重要指标。用铬酸钡分光光度法测定磷石膏钙渣中的硫酸根,建立了一个简单、快速、选择性较好的钙渣中硫酸根的测定方法。在410 nm波长处,硫酸根为0.00～6.00 mg/mL时与铬酸根吸光度呈线性关系,线性回归方程为y=0.168 4x+0.003 2,r=0.999 9,相对标准偏差优于10%,加标回收率在96%～102%。该法可用于测定钙渣中硫酸根含量,操作简单,可行性强,可以满足测定要求并应用于实时监控。     

赤霉素的磷钼杂多酸光度测定法研究

本文研究了赤霉素在磷钼杂多蓝形成反应中的现象,通过正交试验比较并优化了实验条件,建立了测定赤霉素的杂多酸光度法。在820nm 波长处进行测定,线性范围为1.6～64mg/L,最低检出限为1.0mg/L。表现摩尔吸光系数为6.67×10~3L·mo~1·cm~1。平行测定8次的相对标准偏差≤0.6%,方法平均回收率为105%,多种可能共存的物质对测定无干扰,适合于“九二○”样品的分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。