基于旋转电弧传感器的水下焊接电流信号特征

为了实现基于旋转电弧传感器的水下自动焊接,并获得良好的焊缝成形和较高的跟踪精度,必须确定水下焊接时的最佳焊接工艺参数。本文着重研究了水下焊接旋转电弧传感器的焊接电流、旋转频率、焊枪高度和焊枪旋转半径4个主要影响因素对焊缝成形和电流信号特征的影响。通过正交试验的方法,以水下焊接的焊缝成形和电流信号特征的好坏作为评价指标,确定了最优焊接工艺参数,为后续焊缝跟踪提供试验依据。     

基于旋转电弧传感器的角焊缝跟踪

为了提高基于旋转电弧传感机器人跟踪角焊缝的准确度,解决基于水平滑块伸缩跟踪焊缝时水平滑块行程不够的问题. 通过组合滤波方法,可以滤除焊接电流中的大部分噪声. 利用最小二乘直线去拟合某些采样点,用拟合直线的斜率进行偏差识别. 以偏差和最近三次偏差之和作为模糊控制器的输入量,经过模糊化,模糊推理,单点集重心法使模糊量清晰化,完成了模糊控制器的设计. 再通过两轮差速运动跟踪角焊缝. 最后进行了角焊缝的跟踪. 结果表明,利用该方法,解决了跟踪焊缝时水平滑块行程不够的问题,基于旋转电弧传感机器人跟踪角焊缝的可靠性好,准确度高.     

基于焊枪倾角信息融合的弯曲焊缝轨迹跟踪

文中介绍了以轮式移动机器人为被控对象,以旋转电弧作为传感器,根据傅里叶变换后的一次谐波分量对焊枪偏差和倾角进行检测,同时根据焊枪的移动状态判断焊枪与焊缝切向之间的夹角.基于T-S模糊逻辑系统对旋转电弧传感器采集的焊枪倾角和焊枪与焊缝切向之间的夹角进行融合.以焊枪偏差和融合后的焊枪倾角作为输入,以机器人左右车轮和水平滑块的运动作为输出,构成双输入多输出控制系统.基于模糊控制理论设计控制器,实现焊缝跟踪的同时对焊枪倾角进行调整,并通过实际焊接试验验证了控制器的跟踪效果.     

比例模糊滑模控制在焊缝跟踪中的运用

针对单纯的模糊控制器在焊接机器人的焊缝跟踪中的控制精度欠佳、自适应性不强等问题,设计了一种新的用于水下焊接机器人焊缝跟踪的比例模糊滑模控制器.控制器采用基于某阈值的切换方法.当焊缝偏差>4mnl时,采用P控制,提高系统的响应速度;当偏差<4 mm时,采用模糊滑模控制,实现平滑跟踪,且鲁棒性好.通过对系统仿真和试验,获得很好的焊缝跟踪效果.     

超声辅助水下湿法焊接工艺

水下湿法焊接过程电弧不稳定,常存在熄弧、焊缝成形不均匀等问题.针对这一问题,提出了超声辅助水下湿法焊接方法,其原理是将功率超声振动与常规水下湿法焊接相结合,通过超声振动作用改善焊接电弧稳定性、焊缝成形,进而提高水下焊接接头质量.超声辅助水下湿法焊接堆焊对比试验结果表明,超声辅助水下湿法焊接显著改善了焊缝成形,能够获得尺寸均一连续的焊缝;焊接过程稳定性提高,熄弧率明显减小,熔深增大,余高减小,焊缝中心区域的显微硬度减小.     

水下湿法焊缝成形的响应曲面法建模及分析

水下湿法焊缝成形是影响水下焊接接头力学性能的重要因素.与空气中焊接相比,影响水下湿法焊缝成形的因素更复杂.在高压舱内进行不同水深湿法药芯焊丝焊接(FCAW)试验,通过响应曲面法(RSM)分别建立水下湿法焊缝的熔宽和余高与焊接参数之间的数学模型,分析了焊接电流、电弧电压和水深及其交互作用对水下湿法焊缝成形的影响.结果表明,水下湿法焊接时增大焊接电流和电弧电压都可以增大焊缝熔宽.熔宽随着水深的增大而减小,但随着水深的增大,水深对减小熔宽的作用逐渐减小.随着电流的增大,焊缝余高增大,且比电弧电压对余高的作用明显.     

基于粗糙集的窄间隙MAG焊焊缝偏差建模方法

针对旋转电弧窄间隙MAG多层单道焊焊缝跟踪需要,提出一种基于粗糙集的焊缝偏差智能建模方法.首先设计工件模仿多层单道焊的坡口状态,并采集不同偏差下的试验数据,然后根据电弧长度变化的Matab仿真和试验数据变化规律将一个旋转周期内的电流划分为12个区间,提取各区间电流平均值和左右区间差值来建立决策表.通过对决策表离散化、约简,最终获得“IF…THEN”形式的知识模型.结果表明,对模型验证并与神经网络对比,二者预测能力相当,精度满足焊缝跟踪需要,而粗糙集模型的可理解性大大提高且能进一步从数据中发掘焊缝偏差与焊接电信号潜在的规律,为电弧控制器设计做准备.     

药芯焊丝水下焊接焊缝跟踪视觉传感系统的设计

为满足药芯焊丝水下焊接自动化的需要,研究了用于水下焊缝自动跟踪的视觉传感系统。该系统较好地解决了药芯焊丝水下焊接弧光对焊缝图像传感的干扰问题,能获取较清晰的焊缝图像。采用基于图像分割的边缘检测技术成功地提取了焊接电弧和待焊焊缝的边缘,使用该系统可获得电弧和待焊焊缝的偏差信息,为进上步实现药芯焊丝水下焊接焊缝的自动跟踪控制打下了基础。     

水下湿法焊条自动焊接系统研制

水下湿法焊条电弧焊是一种由专业潜水焊工手工开展的水下焊接工艺,对操作人员技术水平要求较高。为摆脱新型焊接设备、焊接材料研制过程中对潜水焊工的依赖,基于PLC控制器设计了一套水下湿法手工电弧焊自动化试验系统。依据实时电弧电压调节送条速度,力图维持电弧弧长稳定,模拟潜水焊工水下操作手法。基于上述控制策略设计自动焊接系统并开展焊接试验。焊接工艺试验证明,自动试验系统能够实现稳定的焊接过程,焊缝成型美观。该套系统能够替代焊工完成焊接工艺试验,降低开发成本。     

基于旋转电弧填丝TIG焊焊缝跟踪信号处理研究

设计了旋转电弧TIG焊接焊缝跟踪系统,将旋转电弧传感器应用于TIG焊接,利用旋转电弧扫描焊缝,通过采集、处理焊接电压的变化实现焊缝的跟踪。对实际焊接电压信号进行了分析,提出了数字滤波器和小波滤波器相结合的方法,建立了旋转电弧TIG焊接电弧高度与电压的模型。试验结果表明,设计的滤波算法实用性好,可靠性高,能有效地识别旋转电弧填丝TIG焊接高度的变化,为焊缝跟踪打下基础。     

The characteristics of welding currents in a rotating arc lead tandem GMAW process and the weld-seam tracking

Tandem gas metal arc welding (T-GMAW) process shows a high deposition rate that up to three times of the single electrode GMAW,so the welding speed could be significantly increased in this process.However,the majority of this process applications are based on the pre-programmed robotic welding,which does not allow them to track the seam real-time during welding.Rotating arc sensor,sensing the seam position by detecting the changing of welding currents,has been widely adopted in the automatic robot welding process.It is proposed in this paper to integrate the rotating arc sensor with a trailing torch to develop a new approach of rotating arc lead tandem gas metal arc welding (RLT-GMAW) process.The characteristics of the welding currents in the proposed new welding process were firstly studied,and then a self-turning fuzzy control seam tracking strategy was developed for the mobile robot automatic welding.The experimental results showed that the proposed RLT-GMAW process had an excellent seam tracking performance and high welding deposition rate.Even if there were some electromagnetic interactions between the two arcs,the deviation of the welding seam could also be reflected by the fluctuation of the welding currents on the leading arc once the correct welding parameters were selected.Based on the detected deviation,the welding tracking experiments showed that the proposed self-turning fuzzy controller had a good performance for the RLT-GMA W process seam tracking.     

Development of an automatic arc welding system using a sliding mode control

This paper describes the development of an automatic welding control system for alternating current shield metal arc welding. This method could replace manual operations which require a well-trained technician. We have derived a mathematical model of the welding control system and identified system parameters. An adaptive sliding mode controller, estimates the bound of uncertainties, and modulates the rate of the electrode feed mechanism that regulates the arc current. The electrode feed-rate mechanism with this controller is driven by an AC servomotor, which can compensate for both the molten part of the electrode and undesirable fluctuations in the arc length during the welding process. The method can be easily applied to any welding system in which the electrode is consumed during the welding process. By maintaining the magnitude of the arc current at the desired value and the stability of the arc length, excellent welding performance is obtained. The simulation and the experimental results both show that this automatic welding control system, based on the adaptive sliding mode controller, can perform effectively.     

One-knob self-optimizing fuzzy control of CO_2 arc welding process

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弧焊机器人立向焊接工艺

基于弧焊机器人对构件的立向焊接位置的焊接工艺进行了研究,通过大量实验研究焊接速度、焊接电流、焊接电压等人工调节因素对焊接质量的影响;总结针对该系统的各因素的调整方法和量值。实验表明,参数的适当改变使该系统能应用于立向位置的焊接,从而解决了指定构件的立向焊接。     

侧向风场作用下横向焊接旋转电弧传感及焊缝跟踪

文中利用侧向风场的吹袭作用来抑制横焊熔池的下淌,研究了在侧向风场作用下焊缝成形质量和旋转电弧的传感特性. 提出了一种基于平面拟合的焊枪偏差和电极高度检测算法,实现了同一电流信号下焊枪偏差和电极高度的同时检测. 结果表明,适当控制侧风流量有助于抑制熔池下淌、改善焊缝成形. 但是随着风速的增加,焊接电弧的熄弧率升高、电弧传感的准确性降低. 针对焊接电流的噪声干扰,还设计了软阈值小波滤波算法,并开发了相应的模糊控制算法对焊枪偏差和电极高度进行调节,初步实现了横焊焊缝的成形控制和跟踪.     

GMAW-P频率特性复合弧长适应控制法

为了提高GMAW-P焊接弧长控制的调节速度,减少弧长调节过程中脉冲频率、焊接电流的波动范围,提出了基于DSP数字控制脉冲熔化极气体保护焊接电源采用频率一特性复合弧长适应控制法.在焊接过程中通过实时采集电弧电压信号、焊接电流信号,当弧长发生扰动时,在当前脉冲周期内,以基值时间和给定电压为控制量,从而保证在弧长调节过程中脉冲频率的变化较小.台阶试验和爬坡试验表明,此控制方法的弧长调节过程快速、稳定,焊接电流、脉冲频率波动范围小,焊机具有良好的弧长调节性能.     

Neural network modeling of arc spot welding

This study presents neural network (NN) for the prediction of ultimate capacity of arc spot welding. The proposed NN model is based on experimental results. The ultimate capacity of arc spot welding is modeled in terms of weld strength, average welding thickness and diameter. The results of the proposed NN model are later compared with results of existing codes and are found to more accurate. Moreover, the proposed NN model is presented in explicit form as a mathematical function. Parametric studies are also carried out to analyze the effect of each variable. The proposed NN model is a unified formulation valid for governing shear failures.     

Correction factor based double model fuzzy logic control strategy of arc voltage in pulsed MIG welding

0Introduction Improvedstabilityofweldingarclengthhasbecome increasinglyimportantforhigherweldingquality.Thesta bilityofweldingarclengthisdependentontwoaspects: oneistheintrinsicself adjustmentofarc,anotheristhe effectoftheweldingconditionparametersandthe…