AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF A COMBINED SONIC AGGLOMERATION AND CROSSFLOW FILTRATION SYSTEM FOR HOT GAS CLEANUP

The Institute or Gas Technology has investigated a combined sonic agglomeration/crossflow filtration system to remove particles smaller than 10 microns from high-temperature, high-pressure gas streams. Sonic energy induces agglomeration so that particles can be removed in a continuously operating cross-flow filler element. Cold-model and preliminary high-temperature, high-pressure results are promising.

The objective of this investigation was to explore the potential effectiveness of sonic agglomeration, crossflow filtration, and a combination of these techniques to remove particles from high-temperature, high-pressure (HTHP) gas streams. The technique of sonic agglomeration has been known since the 1930's, and crossflow filtration has been used successfully in liquid filtration. This investigation is unique in that these two techniques were combined. Sonic energy was used to agglomerate particles to sizes large enough to be separated from the gas stream in a crossflow filter. The crossflow filter has advantages over conventional filters as a paniculate agglomerate removal system because it (1) operates continuously, (2) does not subject the fragile agglomerates to the high stress typical of inertial capture devices, and (3) can control the buildup of a filter cake when properly combined with a sonic agglomerator.

This investigation was supported by the Gas Research Institute and the Institute of Gas Technology Internal Research and Development Fund.

In this preliminary study, we found that—

? A 2-micron porosity filter must be used to achieve 98% paniculate removal from 95% of a dust-laden stream. (In the crossflow operating mode, 5% of the stream bypasses the filter.)

? When sonic agglomeration is combined with crossflow filtration, the same removal efficiency can be achieved with a 10-micron porosity filter.

? Combined sonic agglomeration/crossflow filtration removed particulates smaller than 10 microns in experiments at 265° C and 7000 kPa.

? The pressure drop across a 10-micron filter is about one-half that of a 2-micron filter, which could reduce the energy requirements for filtration.

This method of particulate removal should be applicable to many different coal reactor effluent streams, especially because it can operate at elevated temperatures and avoid gas cooling, liquid condensation, and subsequent liquid-solids separation. Preliminary estimates show that the power requirements of a combined sonic agglomerator/crossflow filter are lower than those of a crossflow filter alone, and that they are lower than or comparable with other particulate removal techniques. Additional tests are needed to establish the degree to which these benefits can be realized.     

煤气化－蒸汽联合循环发电（IGCC）技术中的高温煤气热脱硫

本文论述了开发煤气化－蒸汽联合循环发电（ＩＧＣＣ）技术的重要意义。着重分析了国外高温煤气热脱硫方面的研究状况，并结合国内实际情况，指出了我国在开发高温煤气热脱硫技术研究时，应从脱硫剂物系选择、温区划定、反应器选型和实施步骤等方面采取的一系列系统优化政策。     

美国高温气体除尘技术发展现状

论述了适用于高温煤气或高温燃烧气除尘的陶瓷管过滤技术，颗粒床过滤技术和错流过滤技术的技术特点，已达到的使用规模，应用前景及目前仍存在的问题，ＥＰＲＩ综合除尘效率，经济性、投资等因素对各种高温气体除法技术的比较。     

用于净化高温煤气的陶瓷过滤元件的制备及其研究

以氧化铝为基体材料，采用添加成孔剂法，并结合注浆成型和凝胶注模成型制备出用于过滤高温煤气的陶瓷过滤元件。研究了料浆的配方及流动性能等对成型坯体性能的影响、成孔剂的种类及用量对气孔率、抗压强度及过滤元件外形的影响以及适应于该过滤元件的烧结工艺。实验结果表明，采用有机成孔剂AUM和无机成孔剂活性炭混合使用效果好：在成孔剂用量为25vol％、添加适量添加剂条件下，注浆成型和注凝成型后在1360℃下烧结40min，可得到气孔率高达47.4％、抗压强度迭32.26MPa，气孔的孔径为6～10μm的高温煤气过滤元件。     

加压热煤气脱硫工艺研究

介绍了加压热煤气脱硫“北京煤化－ＳＭＯＶＥＮ”工艺以及工艺研究试验的主要结果。热煤气脱硫小型连续试验装置投入稳定运行，取得了较好的结果，试验验证了ＳＭＯＶＥＮ工艺的技术合理性和操作可行性，为其工艺放大研究打下良好基础。     

高温煤气脱硫剂及再生特性研究

高温煤气净化是实现IGCC过程的关键环节，系统地介绍了国内外钙、锌、铜的锰系高温脱硫剂近年来的研究结果，同时结合脱硫剂再生的研究，分析了各种脱硫剂在高温脱硫过程中可能遇到的问题，探讨了各种脱硫剂的再生方法以及相应的尾气处理方案，最后对我国今后高温煤气脱硫剂研究开发提出了几点建议。     

制粉热源的改造及经济效果分析

本文根据工厂实际情况 ,从实用、有效的角度出发 ,介绍了几种适于喷干塔应用的节能办法 ,并对改造方案、工程投资、经济效果进行了定量或定性分析。     

混凝+UF作为RO进水前处理的适用性研究

本文采用混凝＋UF作为RO进水的前处理,以颖河河水为原水进行了中试实验研究,考察了混凝剂投加量、曝气量、不同抽滤时间对超滤系统的影响.结果表明：混凝剂（PAC）投加量为14mg/L,曝气量为7.08L/s时,超滤对原水浊度的平均去除率为99.2%,出水SDI平均值为1.26,完全达到反渗透进水的水质要求,且水质稳定,混凝和超滤膜联用作为RO前处理是完全适用的.     

陶瓷坯釉料计算机计算管理系统程序设计

本程序主要包括由配方计算组成、塞格尔式及相应参数,由化学组成和塞格尔式计算配方及相应参数等三大部分组成。经过两年多的应用实践表明该软件功能齐全、运算速度快、结果准确,在生产管理和新产品开发中取得了良好效益。     

IMPROVEMENT OF DEEP-BED CROSSFLOW MODEL BY A DIFFUSION COMPONENT FOR THE GRAIN PARTICLE AND LOG MODEL FOR EVALUATION OF RECIRCULATING CROSSFLOW DRYER

This paper presents the improved versions of -bed cross now and log simulation models. A diffusion model descries ibing internal diffusion of moisture within a grain kernel to compute moisture removal rate is developed and incur porsted in crossflow model to improve its flexlbillty and versetility. The lag model is suilably modified and employed to evaluate its accuracy and applicability compared to crossflow drying model for evaluating recirculating crossflow drying operation. Experiments were conducted on large scale recirculating crossflow dryer for corn drying. Simulation results are compared with experimental results to test the validity of drying models.     

IMPROVEMENT OF DEEP-BED CROSSFLOW MODEL BY A DIFFUSION COMPONENT FOR THE GRAIN PARTICLE AND LOG MODEL FOR EVALUATION OF RECIRCULATING CROSSFLOW DRYER

This paper presents the improved versions of -bed cross now and log simulation models. A diffusion model descries ibing internal diffusion of moisture within a grain kernel to compute moisture removal rate is developed and incur porsted in crossflow model to improve its flexlbillty and versetility. The lag model is suilably modified and employed to evaluate its accuracy and applicability compared to crossflow drying model for evaluating recirculating crossflow drying operation. Experiments were conducted on large scale recirculating crossflow dryer for corn drying. Simulation results are compared with experimental results to test the validity of drying models.     

热溶过滤法脱除煤焦油沥青中喹啉不溶物的研究

以5种煤焦油沥青为原料,喹啉为溶剂,研究了热溶过滤法脱除喹啉不溶物(QI)等杂质的效应,目的是制备QI含量较低的净化沥青。结果表明:热溶过滤法可以有效地脱除喹啉不溶物,QI脱除率随滤网网目增加而提高,但阻力增加,脱除时间变长。综合考虑脱除率和实际可操作性,采用1000目的滤布,QI含量可以降到0.3%以下,基本能达到要求。采用凝胶色谱对QI脱除后沥青的组成和分子量分布的研究表明,热溶过滤脱除了沥青中的大分子组分,分子量减小,分子量分布变窄。     

高温煤气铁系脱硫剂的研究

高温煤气脱硫净化是目前先进洁净煤利用技术之一 ,但是以前高温煤气脱硫剂在多次硫化再生循环过程中出现粉化 ,妨碍脱硫剂进一步使用 .本研究选择钢厂赤泥作为脱硫剂原料 ,添加不同活性组分和防粉化结构助剂 ,制备了氧化铁基高温煤气脱硫剂 .经过 1 0次硫化 /再生循环实验 .结果表明 :1 0次循环累计 1 96.98% ,再生后脱硫活性不发生变化 ,具有较高和较稳定的脱硫活性 .再生后脱硫剂的机械强度高于新鲜样品 ,在使用过程中没有出现粉化现象 ,这为氧化铁基高温煤气脱硫剂的工业化研究提供了可靠的依据 .     

复合膜/SBR组合的SMBR系统脱氮除磷效果及膜性能变化试验研究

采用自主研发的复合膜与SBR反应器组合的SMBR系统,考察了在不同充水比及缺氧搅拌和曝气时间的条件下,系统对COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷的去除效果以及膜性能的变化。结果表明:在不同工况条件下,COD、氨氮的去除率均分别大于90%、95%,总氮平均去除率均大于70%,但在充水比为33%时,系统对总氮的平均去除率达到79%;总磷的去除效果受充水比和搅拌段时间的影响较大,当充水比为43%、搅拌时间为2 h时,总磷平均去除率达96%;在整个试验过程中,膜出水平均浊度为0.02 NTU;在反应器运行的两个月里,未对膜进行任何清洗,跨膜压差保持在6.0 kPa以下,透水率为3.5～4.5 L/(m2.h.kPa),没有出现膜丝断裂及严重的膜污染现象。     

催化裂化装置烟气除尘脱硫系统腐蚀机理浅析

针对催化裂化装置烟气湿式钠法除尘脱硫系统存在的腐蚀问题,进行腐蚀机理分析,提出综合塔内衬不锈钢材质塔体的腐蚀为冷凝薄液膜下的以不锈钢为电子导体相、酸性液滴为离子导体相的多相流电化学腐蚀。结合防腐改造实例,提出防腐措施。     

粗煤泥与介质回收系统改造的探讨

结合晋阳选煤厂生产实际,提出粗煤泥与介质回收系统改造的思路,以达到节能降耗,增产提效的目的。     

大系统优化的动态规划递阶算法

本文将动态规划的最优性原则与大系统控制论中的分解协调的递阶算法结合起来,考虑到各子系统间的顺序直接作用,提出了一种以二次型为性能指标的离散线性系统优化的算法,导出了各子系统的递推公式,并举有一个五阶系统的仿真示例。最后,论述了这种算法的局限性。     

乙烯装置与干气回收联合的再生系统探讨

介绍了乙烯装置与干气回收装置联合的情况下再生系统工艺流程,探讨了某再生系统优化前后的工艺流程设计,认为优化后的再生流程在安全性、可操作性和能耗等方面均有较大改善,为同类装置的工程设计提供借鉴。     

曝气生物滤池-微絮凝过滤处理污染水源水的中试

采用曝气生物滤池(BAF)-微絮凝过滤工艺对受污染的河道水进行中试规模的试验研究,着重考察BAF和微絮凝过滤对污染物的综合处理效果.结果表明,当进水氨氮、COD、浊度和TP分别为15～25 mg/L、30～40 mg/L、7～15NTU和0.9～1.5 mg/L时,工艺对氨氮、COD、浊度和TP的去除率分别为89.0%、62.2%、90.1%和64.8%,出水远优于直接的混凝沉淀过滤工艺,可用于印染工业生产.     

HOT AIR AND MICROWAVE DRYING OF ONIONS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

This comparative study of conventional (hot air) drying and microwave drying of the onion was carried out on a hot air pilot plant drier for conventional drying where all characteristics (temperature, humidity, and velocity) could be adjusted and controlled. A data logger connected to a computer captured all data. And for microwave drying, a drying tunnel Fitted with a forward/backward movement was used. Mass loss and product surface temperature were monitored for both processing. Factors controlled where: frequency of movement, microwave power, air extraction rate. Other elements included shape (slices/pieces) and variety of product

Drying duration and maximum drying rate constituted comparative criterion for the processes. Quality was measured by the reducing sugars and polyfructans content. Analysis of variance for the microwave drying process suggests that the effective factors were microwave power followed by onion variety and shape respectively. For quality criterion by far the most effective was variety, followed by the interaction of shape and the forward-backward movement of the conveyor. For conventional drying the most effective factor was air temperature for drying duration, and variety for maximum drying rate.