氧化铟薄膜制备及其特性研究

采用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备氧化铟薄膜,通过测试原子力显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子谱、紫外可见分光光度计以及霍尔效应,研究了氧化铟薄膜的结构和光、电特性.实验发现,氧化铟薄膜表面粗糙度随着生长温度的升高而增大.X射线衍射结果表明薄膜为立方结构的多晶体,并且随着生长温度的升高,可以看到氧化铟薄膜的晶粒变大以及半高宽减小,这也说明结晶质量的改善.在可见光范围的透射率超过90%.同时,在氩气氛围下制备的薄膜迁移率最大,其电阻率、霍尔迁移率和电子浓度分别达到了0.31Ω.cm、9.69 cm2/(V.s)和1×1018cm-3.退火处理可以改善氩氧氛围下制备的薄膜的电学性能.     

掺锡氧化铟纳米粉体制备的研究进展

掺锡氧化铟纳米粉体由于其独特的性能,在电光领域得到广泛应用.概述了制备纳米级掺锡氧化铟粉末的主要方法,并阐述了不同合成方法的工艺及特点,同时指出了高品质掺锡氧化铟粉末制备的发展趋势.     

纳米结构氧化镁空心球壳的制备及吸附镍离子性能研究

以Pickering乳液的液滴为模板制备纳米结构MgO空心球壳,用SEM、XRD、BET等对空心球壳进行了表征,探讨了其形成机理,并考察了纳米结构MgO空心球壳对水中Ni2+的吸附性能。结果表明,MgO空心球壳为方镁石结构,比表面积为28m2/g;其平均粒径为63μm,表面由平均宽度为65nm的纳米片层构成。Pickering乳液油水界面的部分MgO通过水化反应转变成Mg(OH)2,复合在未反应的MgO粒子上,形成MgO/Mg(OH)2空心球壳;MgO/Mg(OH)2空心球壳经焙烧后得到纳米结构MgO空心球壳。当纳米结构MgO空心球壳用量为0.4g/L时,溶液(初始浓度25mg/L)中Ni2+的去除率为98.3%。     

无机材料纳米空心球的制备方法研究进展

探索新的纳米结构已成为近年来物理、化学、材料等领域的研究热点之一.纳米空心球作为一种新的纳米结构,其特有的核-壳空心结构及纳米厚度的壳层使它具有许多优异的物理化学性能,从而在医学、制药学、材料学、染料工业等领域具有很好的应用前景.本文综述了模板法和由模板法发展而来的L-bL自组装法制备无机材料纳米空心球的一般过程及原理,最后展望了纳米空心球材料的发展前景,并探讨了目前在无机材料纳米空心球研究领域中存在的问题.     

金属空心球复合材料重力铸造工艺研究

基于对金属空心球复合材料的结构分析,采用金属型重力铸造法制备金属空心球复合材料。介绍了金属空心球复合材料金属型重力铸造工艺流程,并设计了一种成本低廉、简易成型、且能多次使用的金属型模具,且对金属空心球复合材料进行了实验试制及材料验证。结果表明,采用金属型重力铸造法能够制备出孔壁结构完整且孔洞随机分布的金属空心球复合材料,能实现空心球单一设计与梯度设计;金属空心球复合材料基体与空心球壁组织较为致密,且形成了厚度为25～30μm的界面层;金属空心球复合材料的应力-应变曲线具有明显的弹性阶段、塑性平台阶段和致密化阶段,且采用空心球梯度设计的金属空心球复合材料相较于空心球单一设计的金属空心球复合材料,其基本力学性能有明显的提升。最后,与传统的闭孔泡沫铝材料进行了对比分析,金属空心球复合材料整体稳定性更高,吸能效果更强。     

碳酸钙纳米结构多孔空心微球的制备及其药物缓释性能研究

以CaCl2和Na2CO3为反应物,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂,在室温水溶液中制备了纳米结构碳酸钙空心球.用TEM和SEM对其进行形貌观察发现,所制备的碳酸钙空心球的球壁由纳米粒子组成,具有多孔形貌特征.分别在模拟胃液(pH＝1.2)以及模拟肠液(pH＝7.4)中对制备的纳米结构碳酸钙空心球进行了药物装载和缓释性能的研究,选用的药物为布洛芬(IBU).研究结果表明,IBU/CaCO3多孔空心微球药物传输体系具有较高的药物装载量和良好的药物缓释性能,纳米结构碳酸钙空心球中IBU的装载量可以达到195mg/g,且连续释药时间能持续53h以上;除去表面活性剂后,载体中IBU的装载量可达到130mg/g,药物释放率为100%时,持续释药时间可达到40h.纳米结构碳酸钙多孔空心球作为药物载体材料在药物缓释体系中具有潜在的应用前景.     

以汞为反应介质制备氧化锌纳米空心球

以汞为反应介质, 表面活性剂胶束为模板, 通过锌的氧化反应制备了氧化锌空心球. 采用SEM、EDX、TG、DTA、XRD、IR等测试手段对产物的形貌和结构进行了表征, 并考察了表面活性剂对产物生长的影响. 研究表明, 氧化锌空心球为无定型结构, 壁厚为纳米尺度, 由氧化锌纳米粒子组装而成, 煅烧后转变为六方纤锌矿结构. 加入适量PEG或CTAB, 能制备出氧化锌空心球; 不加入表面活性剂、加入过量PEG或SDBS, 则不能制备出氧化锌空心球.     

软模法制备无机空心球

结构与组成可控、性能可调的微米-亚微米尺度的无机空心球具有极大的应用潜力.系统评述了以气腔、液滴为模板的无机空心球软模制备方法及其应用,以及软模法制备无机空心球的最新进展.     

SiC空心球的制备与表征

以炭黑和粉煤灰为原料,通过微波加热碳热还原法制备了SiC空心球.制备工艺为:将粉煤灰与炭黑球模板按n(C)∶n(SiO2)=4.2配料,在1300℃氢气气氛下恒温0.5h.采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射和拉曼光谱对SiC空心球进行了表征,结果表明,SiC空心球球壳由带有缺陷的β-SiC线组成,β-SiC线的直径为50～500nm.     

纳米氧化铟粉体的形貌与结构研究

用湿化学法制备了纳米极氧化铟超细粉体。利用透射电子显微镜、图像分析仪研究了纳米氧化铟粉体的形貌、尺寸分布和结构特征。结果表明，氧化铟粉体呈方片状，尺寸在10-30nm，化学组分高纯，达到了纳米级粉末要求；粉体的尺寸均匀，但在不同条件下制得的粉体，其尺寸相差较大；制备得到的氧化铟超细粉体的结构为体心立方。     

Y2O3:Eu3+ core-in-multi-hollow microspheres: facile synthesis and luminescence properties

Y2O3:Eu3+ core-in-multi-hollow microspheres were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method in the presence of glucose followed by a subsequent heat-treatment process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows that the as-obtained hollow spheres are cubic phase of Y2O3. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicate that the samples are three layer hollow spheres with a diameter of 2-4 microm and the outermost wall thickness of 100 nm, the size of the inner core is about 300-400 nm, and the sub-outer wall thickness is about 100 nm. X-ray energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) shows that the samples are composed of Y, Eu and O. Photoluminescence spectra show that the hollow spheres have a strong characteristic red emission corresponding to the 5D0 - 7F2 transition of Eu3+ ions under ultraviolet excitation. This method can be used to synthesize other rare earth oxide hollow luminescent materials.     

水热法合成α-氧化铝空心微球

以葡萄糖和硝酸铝为原料,采用水热法合成大小及壁厚可控的α-氧化铝空心微球。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外光谱分析仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热分析(TG-DSC)等手段对合成产品进行表征。结果表明:得到的氧化铝空心微球分散性较好,可通过调节加入的葡萄糖浓度及硝酸铝量,得到大小及壁厚不同的氧化铝空心球,烧结温度对微球粒径大小影响不大,当烧结温度上升900℃时,壳层结构由不定形态变为γ-Al2O3,当烧结温度上升到1 100℃时,可得到α-Al2O3氧化铝空心微球。     

Template synthesis, organic gas-sensing and optical properties of hollow and porous In(2)O(3) nanospheres

Hollow and porous In(2)O(3) nanospheres have been prepared by the hydrolysis of InCl(3) using carbonaceous spheres as templates in combination with calcination. Based on the observation of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it has been revealed that the as-prepared In(2)O(3) nanospheres have a uniform diameter of around 200?nm and hollow structures with thin shells of about 30 nm consisting of numerous nanocrystals and nanopores. Owing to the hollow and porous structures, In(2)O(3) nanospheres possessing more active surface area exhibit a good response and reversibility to some organic gases such as methanol, alcohol, acetone and ethyl ether. In addition, the response mechanism of hollow and porous In(2)O(3) nanospheres to organic gases has been proposed. Furthermore, these prepared In(2)O(3) spheres showed a UV-visible absorption peak centered at around 309?nm, and their photoluminescence spectra have also been investigated.     

Fabrication of hollow silver spheres by MPTMS-functionalized hollow silica spheres as templates

In this study, we provide a strategy to prepare the hollow silver spheres by accumulating the silver nanoparticles on the surface of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS)-functionalized silica as templates, which was accomplished by the chemisorption between silver nanoparticles and thiol groups. Then, the resulting hollow silver spheres were obtained through the chemical wet etching process with 10 M HF solution. In conventional method, the fabrication of hollow silver spheres from core-shell spheres was not easy due to the difficulties in retaining the shell structures during core removal. The method in this paper could overcome this limitation. The major focus of study is on understanding the mechanism of formation of the hollow silver spheres through the self-assembly behavior by chemisorption between silver nanoparticles and thiol groups. The silver-coated silica and hollow silver spheres were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).     

Preparation and characterization of Y2O3 hollow spheres

Y₂O₃ hollow spheres are prepared by coating the anionic poly (styrene-methyl acrylic acid) (PSA-A) latex with an amorphous yttrium layer and subsequent calcining at elevated temperatures in air. The aging temperature, aging time, the concentrations of Y(III) and urea are systematically varied to establish the optimum conditions for the formation of the coating shell. Zeta potential measurement, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and infrared measurements are used to characterize the PSA-A latex, core-shell spheres and Y₂O₃ hollow spheres. A mechanism for the formation of the PSA-A/yttrium compounds core-shell spheres is suggested. The key factor to prepare smooth-coated spheres is obtained.     

Preparation of CeO2 hollow spheres via a surfactant-assisted solvothermal route

In this study, CeO₂ hollow spheres were synthesized via a facile surfactant-assisted solvothermal route. The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and N₂ adsorption–desorption. Different solvent species has been demonstrated as the key factor responsible for the controlled morphologies. Furthermore, both the water and the oleic acid were crucial to the formation of CeO₂ hollow spheres. The possible formation mechanism of CeO₂ hollow spheres has been preliminary discussed.     

A simple one-step solvothermal synthesis of hierarchically structured ZnO hollow spheres for enhanced selective ethanol sensing properties

A simple one-step solvothermal method, using ethanolamine as solvent without any additives except zinc source, has been employed to synthesize hierarchically structured ZnO hollow spheres consisting of numerous orderly and radical nanorods with diameter of several tens nanometers and length of 2–3 μm. The ethanolamine and the solvothermal process play the critical role in the synthesis of the ZnO hollow spheres by the primary formation of ZnO crystal nucleus and subsequent transformation into nanorods, which self-assemble into hollow spheres. The morphology and structure of the spheres have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller N₂ adsorption–desorption analyses. The results also indicate that the sensor based on the prepared ZnO hollow spheres exhibit good ethanol sensing performance, which can be attributed to its structural defects and high surface-to-volume ratio that significantly facilitate the absorption of oxygen species and diffusion of target gas. Besides, the sensor shows high selectivity to ethanol because ZnO as a basic oxide is favored for dehydrogenation of ethanol.     

Facile one-pot synthesis and luminescence of hexagonal TbPO4·nH2O hollow spheres

Monodisperse hexagonal TbPO₄·nH₂O hollow spheres were successfully obtained by utilizing Tb(OH)CO₃ colloidal spheres as the precursor and NH₄H₂PO₄ as the phosphorus source through the hydrothermal process. The obtained hollow spheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. They have the average diameter of 200 nm. There are a number of tiny nanorods with the length of about 60 nm on the surface of the spheres. The obtained TbPO₄ hollow spheres exhibit green color emission from ⁵D₄ − ⁷F_J (J = 6, 5, 4, 3) transitions of the Tb³⁺ ions, which are expected to be applied in display applications and biological applications.     

四氧化三铁亚微空心球的制备及表征

采用水热法制备出亚微尺寸Fe_3O_4空心球.用X射线衍射谱(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)表征了样品的相结构,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)照片表征样品的形貌,表明在一定反应条件(反应温度、反应时间、反应试剂)下,反应产物可形成不同的形貌:针叶状的纳米颗粒、亚微尺寸的疏松球、实心球和空心球等.用振动样品磁强计(VSM)测量了样品的室温磁性,表明Fe_3O_4亚微空心球样品表现为铁磁性.     

One-pot template-free synthesis of mesoporous boehmite core-shell and hollow spheres by a simple solvothermal route

Uniform-sized and monodispersed boehmite core-shell and hollow spheres have been successfully synthesized using a template-free solvothermal route. The experimental parameters such as reaction duration, the trisodium citrate amounts and solvents are shown to play important roles in the formation of the AlOOH core-shell and hollow spheres. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform IR, thermal gravimetric analysis, N₂ adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution TEM were used to characterize the products. The results show that the prepared polycrystalline hollow spheres are composed of well-aligned AlOOH nanowires and have an orthorhombic structure. Finally, a dissolution-renucleation mechanism was proposed for the formation of boehmite hollow structures.