Triaxial mechanical creep behavior of sandstone

Based on laboratory results of time-dependent mechanical behavior tests, we investigated short-term and mechanical creep behavior of sandstone, observed in conventional triaxial compression experiments at room temperature, using a servo-con-trolled rheology testing machine. Given our short-term experimental test results, we confirmed deviatoric creep stress levels of sandstone. Multiple deviatoric stress levels were applied in steps to each sample. Each deviatoric stress level before the final failed deviatoric stress was maintained for 48 h or longer. Time-dependent variations of axial strains of sandstone samples are discussed and evaluated. During the creep tests, complete tertiary creep curves of sandstone were observed under failed deviatoric stress lev-els with different confining pressures. Slices of coal in sandstone samples can lead to distinct tertiary creep deformation failure.     

基于砂岩蠕变试验的非线性蠕变模型辨识研究

为了研究砂岩的蠕变特性,利用全自动三轴伺服仪对砂岩试样进行10 MPa围压下的常规三轴试验和蠕变试验。为有效描述蠕变全过程,提出了一种含分数阶导数的非线性蠕变模型并进行验证。结果表明:在蠕变衰减、稳定阶段,试样环向蠕变速率和轴向蠕变速率比较接近;在蠕变加速阶段,试样的蠕变速率迅速增大,环向较轴向先发生加速蠕变,且环向加速蠕变速率更大,稳定蠕变速率随着应力水平的增大而增大,环向稳定蠕变速率增幅较轴向大,可见环向蠕变速率受应力水平影响更大,建立的含分数阶导数的非线性蠕变模型能较好模拟蠕变全过程,具有较高的准确性。     

Creep properties and permeability evolution in triaxial rheological tests of hard rock in dam foundation

Triaxial creep tests were carried out under seepage pressure by using rock servo-controlled triaxial rheology testing equipment. Based on experimental results, rock rheological properties influenced by seepage-stress coupling were studied, and variations of seepage rate with time in complete creep processes of rock were analyzed. It is shown that, when the applied stress is less than failure stress level, the creep deformation is not obvious, and its main form is steady-state creep. When applied stress level is greater than or less than but close to fracture stress, it is easier to see the increase of creep deformation and the more obvious accelerative creep characteristics. The circumferential creep deformation is obviously higher than the axial creep deformation. At the stage of steady-state creep, the average of seepage flow rate is about 4.7×10⁻⁹ m/s at confining pressure (σ ₃) of 2 MPa, and is about 3.9×10⁻⁹ m/s at σ ₃ of 6 MPa. It is seen that the seepage flow rate at σ ₃ of 2 MPa in this case is obviously larger than that at σ ₃ of 6 MPa. At the stage of creep acceleration, the seepage flow rate is markedly increased with the increase of time. The variation of rock permeability is directly connected to the growth and evolution of creep crack. It is suggested that the permeability coefficient in complete creep processes of rock is not a constant, but is a function of rock creep strain, confining pressure, damage variable and pore water pressure. The results can be considered to provide a reliable reference for the establishment of rock rheological model and parameter identification.     

Experimental determination of mechanical properties and short-time creep of AISI 304 stainless steel at elevated temperatures

The high temperature properties of AISI 304 stainless steel were studied.Basic data about the employed experimental equipment,testing procedures,and specimen geometry were given.The experimental setup was used to obtain stress-strain diagrams from tensile tests at room temperature as well as several elevated temperatures.Furthermore,the specimens were subjected to short-time creep tests at various temperatures.Stress levels for creep testing were established as a percentage of yield stress.The results indic...