碳纤维增强PTFE复合材料与不同铝合金配副的摩擦磨损性能

将碳纤维增强聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料分别与4032铝合金和阳极氧化4032铝合金组成摩擦副,在干摩擦和油润滑条件下进行摩擦磨损试验,对摩擦因数、磨痕宽度及磨损形貌进行了研究。结果表明:在干摩擦条件下,复合材料与铝合金配副时,产生了严重的磨粒磨损,复合材料的磨痕宽度较大;复合材料与阳极氧化铝合金配副时,磨损机理主要为黏着磨损,并伴随着轻微的磨粒磨损,复合材料的耐磨性能有所改善;在油润滑条件下,随着碳纤维含量增加,复合材料在与铝合金和阳极氧化铝合金配副时的磨痕宽度均下降,磨损过程未出现磨粒磨损。     

行进速度对搅拌摩擦加工高熵合金增强铝基复合材料组织与性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工技术制备了FeCoNiCrAl高熵合金颗粒增强AA5083铝基复合材料,研究了行进速度(45,60,75 mm·min-1)对复合材料中高熵合金颗粒分布、显微硬度和耐磨性能的影响.结果表明:制备的复合材料中没有新相生成,复合材料的显微硬度高于铝合金基体的;随着行进速度的增加,高熵合金颗粒的分布均匀性变差,复合材料的显微硬度略微降低;复合材料的平均摩擦因数和磨损率均较铝合金基体的低;随着行进速度的增加,复合材料摩擦因数和磨损率均增大,耐磨性能下降;复合材料和铝合金的磨损机制分别为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损.     

CNTs/AZ91复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用粉末冶金法和热挤压工艺制备了碳纳米管增强AZ91镁合金(CNTs/AZ91)复合材料,研究了复合材料在干滑动条件下的摩擦磨损性能、磨损形貌及磨损机制,并与AZ91镁合金基体的进行了对比。结果表明:由于CNTs的自润滑和增强作用,复合材料的摩擦磨损性能明显优于基体合金的;随着载荷和CNTs质量分数增加,复合材料的摩擦因数逐渐降低;随着载荷增加,复合材料的磨损量增大;在相同的载荷下,复合材料的磨损量随CNTs质量分数的增大而减小;AZ91镁合金的磨损机制为疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损,复合材料的磨损机制以轻微的粘着磨损和磨粒磨损为主。     

搅拌摩擦加工道次对PI/7075铝基复合材料显微组织和耐磨性能的影响

在7075铝合金表面预置聚酰亚胺(PI)颗粒,利用搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)技术在不同加工道次下制备PI/7075铝基复合材料,研究了加工道次对复合材料显微组织和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:增加加工道次可以减少复合材料内部缺陷,提高晶粒细化程度以及PI颗粒在铝合金基体中的分散性;复合材料的耐磨性能优于7075铝合金的,且随着加工道次的增加,耐磨性能提高;不同道次搅拌摩擦加工复合材料的磨损表面均存在少量犁沟和较浅的磨痕,其磨损机制均为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

钢纤维和硅酸铝纤维混杂增强陶瓷基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

利用热压烧结法制备了钢纤维和硅酸铝纤维混杂增强陶瓷基复合材料,探讨了硅酸铝纤维含量对该复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了复合材料的磨损表面形貌,并分析了其磨损机理。结果表明:随硅酸铝纤维含量的增加,复合材料的摩擦因数增大;高温下复合材料的耐磨性能随硅酸铝纤维含量的增大而降低;未添加硅酸铝纤维复合材料的磨损形式主要表现为脆性脱落和疲劳磨损,并伴有磨粒磨损;添加了硅酸铝纤维的陶瓷基摩擦材料的磨损形式均以粘着磨损为主。     

SiCp增强铝基复合材料与Kevlar增强摩擦材料摩擦副摩擦磨损机理研究

采用盘销式摩擦磨损试验机，对SiCp含量为20vol％的铝基复合材料和Kevlar增强摩擦材料组成的摩擦副在于摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损机理进行了实验研究。结果表明：摩擦副在跑合过程中，铝基复合材料中的SiCp颗粒对较软的有机复合材料产生犁削和微观切削效应，磨损机理为铝基复合材料的硬质颗粒对较软的有机复合材料的磨粒磨损；在跑合后的磨损试验中，摩擦材料磨损表面呈现出粘着磨损和塑性变形特征，随着转动速度的增加，塑性流动加剧；摩擦副接触表面发生材料的相互转移，并在铝基复合材料表面形成转移膜，且在较高速度下转移膜更易形成；在高速条件下，摩擦材料表面可见从铝基复合材料的铝合金基体中脱离的SiCp颗粒和熔融迹象；摩擦材料的磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和塑性变形。     

Al2O3和C短纤维混杂增强铝基复合材料高温耐磨性能的研究

利用预制体挤压浸渗法制备了Al2O3+C /ZL109短纤维混杂金属基复合材料,并探讨了该混杂复合材料的高温(≤400℃)摩擦磨损性能.结果表明在试验温度范围内,混杂复合材料的磨损率低于基体合金及单一增强的复合材料.12%Al2O3+ 4%C /ZL109混杂复合材料从轻微磨损到急剧磨损的临界转变温度比基体合金提高了一倍.当环境温度低于临界转变温度时,混杂复合材料的摩擦因数随着Al2O3体积分数的升高而不断增大,而磨损率在12%时取得最低值.在此阶段,基体及复合材料的磨损机制主要为犁沟磨损和轻微的粘着磨损,而随着试验温度的进一步升高并超过临界温度时,主要磨损机制转变为严重的粘着磨损.     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

对颗粒增强铝基复合材料及其基体与 4 0Cr钢摩擦材料组成的摩擦副的摩擦磨损特性进行了对比试验研究 ,并采用SEM对颗粒增强铝基复合材料及其基体磨损表面进行了观察 ,探讨了其磨损机理。试验表明 :复合材料具有较稳定的摩擦系数、低的磨损率 ;复合材料的主要磨损形式是磨粒磨损 ,基体材料的主要磨损形式是粘着磨损。     

三元硼化物强化粉末高速钢的摩擦磨损特性研究

采用反应硼化烧结法在1193℃下真空烧结,成功制备出具有良好耐磨性的粉末高速钢与三元硼化物陶瓷的复合材料;在自制摩擦磨损试验机上进行了摩擦磨损实验.分析表明:复合材料主要由三元硼化物基硬质相和高速钢基体组成,陶瓷颗粒与基体界面结合良好,分散均匀,耐磨性能良好.     

碳纤维增强杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

利用MRH-03型环-块摩擦磨损试验机研究不同碳纤维含量的聚醚砜酮(PPESK)基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,讨论载荷、速度及润滑介质对质量分数10%碳纤维增强复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,并用SEM观察材料的断面形貌和磨损表面形貌。结果表明：适量碳纤维的加入可以明显提高材料的摩擦磨损性能,并使得复合材料干摩擦条件下的磨损机制由严重的磨粒磨损和黏着磨损转变为黏着磨损和轻微的磨粒磨损。以质量分数10%碳纤维增强的复合材料为例,随着载荷的增加复合材料在干摩擦条件下的摩擦因数降低,而磨损率先降低后增加,在高滑动速度下复合材料的摩擦因数降低而磨损率增加;而海水润滑介质的加入大大降低了材料的摩擦因数和磨损率,并使得复合材料的磨损机制由干摩擦条件下的黏着磨损和轻微的磨粒磨损转变为轻微的磨粒磨损。     

Sliding wear behavior of planar random zinc-alloy matrix composites

The friction and wear behavior of planar random zinc-alloy matrix composites reinforced by discontinuous carbon fibres under dry sliding and lubricated sliding conditions has been investigated using a block-on-ring apparatus. The effects of fibre volume fractions and loads on the sliding wear resistance of the zinc-alloy matrix composites were studied. Experiments were performed within a load range of 50–300 N at a constant sliding velocity of 0.8 m s⁻¹. The composites with different volume fractions of carbon fibres (0–30%) were used as the block specimens, and a medium-carbon steel used as the ring specimen. Increasing the carbon fibre volume fraction significantly decreased the coefficient of friction and wear rates of both the composites and the medium-carbon steel under dry sliding conditions. Under lubricated sliding conditions, however, increasing the carbon fibre volume fraction substantially increased the coefficient of friction, and slightly increased the wear of the medium-carbon steel, while reducing the wear of the composite.Under dry sliding conditions, an increasing load increased not only the wear rates of both the composite and the unreinforced zinc alloy, but also those of their corresponding steel rings. However, the rate of increase of wear with increasing load for both the composite and its corresponding steel ring was much smaller than for the unreinforced zinc alloy and its corresponding steel ring. The coefficient of friction under dry sliding conditions appeared to be constant as load increased within a load range of 50–150 N for both the composite and the unreinforced zinc alloy, but increased at the higher loads. Under any load the coefficient of friction of the composite was lower than half that of the unreinforced zinc alloy under dry sliding conditions.     

A relation between wear volume and sliding time for composite materials

Friction and wear experiments on two graphite fiber-aluminum matrix composites and two commercially pure metals (aluminum and copper) were conducted on a brake-type friction machine. The counterface material was graphitic cast iron. The composite samples were tested with the graphite fibers perpendicular to the counterface; the load varied from 5 to 100 N. The initial sliding velocity varied from 2.0 to 11.4 m s^?1. The wear resistance of the HM-Al 1100 graphite fiber-aluminum matrix composite was found to be more than one order of magnitude better than that of the unreinforced matrix material. With aluminum and copper, the wear volume per braking cycle is proportional to the product of load and sliding distance in accord with both the adhesion and delamination theories of wear. For the two composite materials studied, the wear volume per braking cycle is proportional to the product of load and sliding time which cannot be explained by either of the two wear models. Thus the wear mechanism of composites might be fundamentally different from that of pure metals.     

Friction and wear behavior of Ni-P coated Si3N4 reinforced Al6061 composites

Al6061 matrix composite reinforced with nickel coated silicon nitride particles were manufactured by liquid metallurgy route. Microstructure and tribological properties of both matrix alloy and developed composites have been evaluated. Dry sliding friction and wear tests were carried out using pin on disk type machine over a load range of 20-100 N and sliding velocities of range 0.31-1.57 m/s. Results revealed that, nickel coated silicon nitride particles are uniformly distributed through out the matrix alloy. Al6061-Ni-P-Si₃N₄ composite exhibited lower coefficient of friction and wear rate compared to matrix alloy. The coefficient of friction of both matrix alloy and developed composite decreased with increase in load up to 80 N. Beyond this, with further increase in the load, the coefficient of friction increased slightly. However, with increase in sliding velocity coefficient of friction of both matrix alloy and developed composite increases continuously. Wear rates of both matrix alloy and developed composites increased with increase in both load and sliding velocity. Worn surfaces and wear debris was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for possible wear mechanisms. Energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) techniques were used to identify the oxides formed on the worn surfaces and wear debris.     

Dry sliding wear of fly ash particle reinforced A356 Al composites

In the present study aluminium alloy (A356) composites containing 6 and 12 vol. % of fly ash particles have been fabricated. The dry sliding wear behaviour of unreinforced alloy and composites are studied using Pin-On-Disc machine at a load of 10, 20, 50, 65 and 80 N at a constant sliding velocity of 1 m/s. Results show that the dry sliding wear resistance of Al-fly ash composite is almost similar to that of Al₂O₃ and SiC reinforced Al-alloy. Composites exhibit better wear resistance compared to unreinforced alloy up to a load of 80 N. Fly ash particle size and its volume fraction significantly affect the wear and friction properties of composites. Microscopic examination of the worn surfaces, subsurfaces and debris has been done. At high loads (>50 N), where fly ash particles act as load bearing constituents, the wear resistance of A356 Al alloy reinforced with narrow size range (53–106 μm) fly ash particles were superior to that of the composite having the same volume fraction of particles in the wide size range (0.5–400 μm).     

碳化硼增强铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

为了比较两种含量不同的碳化硼颗粒增强铝基复合材料的摩擦学性能,将其加工成销试样,在多功能摩擦磨损试验机上分别与钢盘试样进行对比摩擦磨损试验,重点研究了接触载荷和相对滑动速度对两种复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明:碳化硼增强铝基复合材料的磨损量随载荷与相对滑动速度的增大而增大,而摩擦因数随载荷与相对滑动速度的增大而减小,较高碳化硼含量的复合材料的耐磨性能比较低含量的复合材料好.     

The abrasive wear resistance of TIC and (Ti,W)C-reinforced Fe–17Mn austenitic steel matrix composites

Pin-on-disc dry sliding wear tests have been carried out to study the wear behaviour of 10 vol% TiC and (Ti,W)C-reinforced Fe–17Mn austenitic steel matrix composites. The composites have been synthesized in situ by means of conventional melting and casting route. It has been observed that the abrasive wear resistance of the composites is higher than that of their unreinforced Fe–17Mn austenitic steel. Compared with the TiC-reinforced composite, the abrasive wear resistance of the (Ti,W)C-reinforced composite is better. The abrasive wear resistance and coefficient of friction of both reinforced and unreinforced materials decrease as the load increases.     

Wear Behavior of Magnesium Alloy AZ91 Hybrid Composite Materials

The influence of hybrid reinforcements including silicon carbide and graphite particles with a size 37–50 μm on the wear characteristics of AZ91 magnesium alloy was studied. The dry sliding wear test was conducted using a pin-on-disc wear testing machine in the load range of 20 to 80 N at different sliding velocities in the range of 1.047 to 2.618 m/s. The results show that the wear resistance of composites was much better than that of the base matrix material under the test conditions. At a speed of 1.047 m/s and load of 40 N, the wear rate (mm³/km) of the unreinforced alloy was 6.3, which reduced to 3.8 in the case of 3% reinforced composite. The antiwear ability of magnesium alloy composite was found to improve substantially with the increase in silicon carbide and graphite content from 1 to 3% by weight and the wear rate was found to decrease considerably. At a speed of 1.047 m/s and load of 80 N, the wear rate (mm³/km) reduced from 11.8 to 9.1 when the reinforcement content increased from 1 to 3%. However in both the unreinforced alloy and reinforced composite, the wear rate increased with the increase in load and sliding velocity. An increase in the applied load increases the wear severity by changing the wear mechanism from abrasion to particle cracking-induced delamination. The worn surface morphologies of the composite containing 3% reinforcement by weight for the sliding velocity of 1.047 m/s were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Different wear mechanisms, namely, abrasion, oxidation, and delamination, have been observed.     

Enhancement of abrasive wear resistance in consolidated Al matrix composites via extrusion process

Abstract

The present study addresses the dry wear behaviour of aluminium matrix composites under different sliding speeds and applied loads. Values of the friction coefficient of the matrix alloy and composite materials were in expected range for light metals in dry sliding conditions. The higher coefficient of friction was the consequence of established contact between hard SiC particles and the counter body material. The rough and smooth regions are distinguished on the worn surface of the composites similar to the unreinforced Al alloy. Plastic deformation occurred when the applied specific load was higher than the critical value. The high shear stresses on the sliding surface cause initiation and propagation of the cracks in the subsurface, leading to the loss of material from the worn surface in the form of flakes. The debrises of the composites at low wear rate comprise a mixture of the fine particles and small shiny metallic plate-like flakes and are associated with the formation of more iron rich layers on the contact surfaces.     

Dry wear and friction properties of an A356/SiC foam interpenetrating phase composite

The dry sliding wear and friction behaviors of A356 aluminum alloy and a hybrid composite of A356 aluminum alloy and silicon carbide foam in the form of an interpenetrating phase composite were evaluated using a ball-on-disk apparatus at ambient conditions. The stationary 6.35 mm alumina ball produced a wear track (scar) diameter of 7 mm on the rotating specimen surface. Three different loads; 5 N, 10 N and 20 N were applied at a constant sliding speed of 33 mm/s for both materials. Wear tracks were characterized with a scanning electron microscope and measured with an optical surface profilometer. In general, this novel A356/SiC foam composite reduced the friction coefficient and wear rate from that of the base alloy for all loading conditions. In addition, as the load increased, the friction coefficient and wear rate decreased for both materials. The results indicate the composite could be used in light-weight applications where moderate strength and wear properties are needed.     

Wear behaviour of AE42+20% saffil Mg-MMC

The wear behaviour of AE42 magnesium alloy and AE42+20% saffil short fibre composite is investigated in dry sliding condition using a pin-on-disc set-up in the load range of 5–40 N with sliding speeds of 0.838, 1.676 and 2.513 m/s for a constant sliding distance of 2.5 km. In case of both the alloy and the composite wear rate increases with increasing loads and the wear rate of the composite is lower at lower loads. At all sliding speeds, a crossover in wear rate is observed with the increase in load, i.e., above a certain load the wear rate of the composite becomes greater than that of the alloy, and the crossover shifts to lower loads with increase in the sliding speed. Severe sub-surface plastic deformation and fibre breakage are found to be the dominant mechanism for the unreinforced alloy and the composite, respectively.