Co-Expression of Neighboring Genes in the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Genome

Neighboring genes in the eukaryotic genome have a tendency to express concurrently, and the proximity of two adjacent genes is often considered a possible explanation for their co-expression behavior. However, the actual contribution of the physical distance between two genes to their co-expression behavior has yet to be defined. To further investigate this issue, we studied the co-expression of neighboring genes in zebrafish, which has a compact genome and has experienced a whole genome duplication event. Our analysis shows that the proportion of highly co-expressed neighboring pairs (Pearson’s correlation coefficient R>0.7) is low (0.24% ~ 0.67%); however, it is still significantly higher than that of random pairs. In particular, the statistical result implies that the co-expression tendency of neighboring pairs is negatively correlated with their physical distance. Our findings therefore suggest that physical distance may play an important role in the co-expression of neighboring genes. Possible mechanisms related to the neighboring genes’ co-expression are also discussed.     

Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Mannose Receptor in Zebra Fish (Danio rerio) during Infection with Aeromonas sobria

Mannose receptor (MR) is a member of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), which plays a significant role in immunity responses. Much work on MR has been done in mammals and birds while little in fish. In this report, a MR gene (designated as zfMR) was cloned from zebra fish (Danio rerio), which is an attractive model for the studies of animal diseases. The full-length cDNA of zfMR contains 6248 bp encoding a putative protein of 1428 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequences showed that zfMR contained a cysteine-rich domain, a single fibronectin type II (FN II) domain, eight C-type lectin-like domains (CTLDs), a transmembrane domain and a short C-terminal cytoplasmic domain, sharing highly conserved structures with MRs from the other species. The MR mRNA could be detected in all examined tissues with highest level in kidney. The temporal expression patterns of MR, IL-1β and TNF-α mRNAs were analyzed in the liver, spleen, kidney and intestine post of infection with Aeromonas sobria. By immunohistochemistry assay, slight enhancement of MR protein was also observed in the spleen and intestine of the infected zebra fish. The established zebra fish-A. sobria infection model will be valuable for elucidating the role of MR in fish immune responses to infection.     

人血管生成抑制素基因的克隆、表达及纯化

目的 构建携带人血管生成抑制素基因的原核表达载体,诱导表达具有活性的血管生成抑制素。方法 用PCR法从人纤溶酶原cDNA中扩增出Kringle 1-3基因,克隆入pET21a(+)载体中,在大肠杆菌BL 21中表达,表达产物经亲和层析纯化。结果 所构建的原核表达载体为高效表达系统,所表达的产物经层析纯化后可获得重组人血管生成抑制素。结论 可获得大量纯化人血管生成抑制素,为进一步临床应用奠定基础。     

耐辐射奇异球菌R12海藻糖合成酶基因的克隆与表达

耐辐射奇异球菌(Deinococcus wulumuqiensis)R12在环境胁迫下具有合成海藻糖的能力。采用PCR方法从耐辐射奇异球菌R12基因组中分离得到分子量约1 700bp的海藻糖合成酶基因,为验证其功能而在大肠杆菌中进行了表达,经IPTG诱导表达出约66kDa的目的蛋白。经酶活检测发现,目的蛋白能够催化麦芽糖一步合成海藻糖。以30%麦芽糖为底物反应1h,进行海藻糖转化实验,结果表明,重组海藻糖合成酶的最适反应温度为35℃、最适反应pH值为8.0,转化率达67%,具有较高的应用价值。     

生长抑素(SS)基因在大肠杆菌pT7ZZ表达系统中的克隆与表达

目的 构建和筛选既能稳定、高效表达SS融合蛋白，又能使这种融合蛋白保持良好的SS抗原性和高水溶性等特点的重组质粒。方法 用 BamH I/Xho I (B/X）和 BamH I/EcoR I（B/E）双酶切，将含有SS基因的片段由pThioHis A中切出，然后分别克隆到 pT7ZZa中的相应酶切位点，得到pSSB/X（短尾）和pSS-B/E(长尾)两个重组质粒，用常规表达技术在大肠杆菌中对其进行表达。结果 pSS-B/X和pSS-B/E两个重组质粒在宿主菌BL21（DE3）中均获得表达，pSS-B/X获得高效表达后融合蛋白占菌体总蛋白的30．6％。两个表达菌经超声裂解后电泳发现，SS－B/X－ZZ和SS－B/E－ZZ这两种融合蛋白基本为可溶性蛋白，沉淀中含量极低。二者均具有良好的抗原性，结论pSS-B/X重组质粒很有希望成为SS基因疫苗的候选质粒。     

RsrA-CFP融合蛋白的克隆表达及圆二色性分析

以天蓝色链霉菌M145基因组作模板,扩增σR(sigR)的anti-sigR因子基因rsrA,得到了333 bp基因;以质粒pECFP-N1作模板,扩增青色荧光蛋白基因cfp,得到了744 bp基因.将两个基因融合串联,构建rsrA/cf p/pET-28a(+)融合表达质粒.利用荧光检测技术,确定大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)在OD600为0.5时,用1 mmol·L-1 IPTG进行诱导能大量表达融合蛋白RsrA-CFP.用镍柱亲和层析分离纯化RsrA-CFP蛋白,并用SDS-PAGE鉴定其分子量为40 kD左右.利用圆二色性初步测定RsrA-CFP蛋白的CD值,经CDNN软件分析得到:螺旋结构占32.2％、平行结构占8.0％、反向平行结构占9.3％、β折叠占16.7％、无规则卷曲占34.4％,为RsrA蛋白的功能研究奠定了基础.     

中国人MBL基因编码区的克隆与原核表达

目的克隆中国人MBL基因编码区序列,并在原核细胞中表达。方法提取肝总RNA,RT-PCR扩增MBL编码区序列,并克隆到pGEM-T-easy载体上,再亚克隆到pET-30(a)上。诱导表达重组MBL,并通过SDS-PAGE检测表达情况,表达蛋白经初步纯化后,用ELISA及点杂交试验检测其免疫原性。结果克隆得到长747bp的MBL编码区序列,与GenBank中的MBL序列同源性在99%以上。重组MBL相对分子质量约为36000,以包涵体形式存在,表达量占菌体总蛋白量的20%左右,表达蛋白经初步纯化,纯度可达95%以上。ELISA检测显示重组MBLA490值与阴性对照差异有显著意义(10倍以上),点杂交检测结果为阳性。结论已成功克隆中国人MBL基因的编码区序列,并在大肠杆菌中表达,表达产物与天然MBL具有相似的免疫原性。     

人角质细胞生长因子的克隆及表达

目的为获得高表达的重组人角质细胞生长因子生物工程菌。方法应用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术,从人胚 胎肺成纤维细胞中,扩增出ＫＧＦ ｃＤＮＡ基因,并插入ｐＵＣ１８－Ｔ载体,构建成了重组人ＫＧＦ基因,经ＤＮＡ测序证实与 文献报道一致。将ＫＧＦ基因定向插入大肠杆菌表达载体ＰＥＴ１１ｂ内,转化大肠杆菌ＨＢ１０１。结果获得的重组子 经ＩＰＴＧ诱导,在相对分子质量为１９０００处表达重组蛋白,约占菌体蛋白的１０％。结论建立了制备重组人ＫＧＦ表 达系统,为今后进一步研究ＫＧＦ的生物学功能奠定可靠的物质基础。     

大肠杆菌丙酮酸脱氢酶的克隆与表达优化

为了在大肠杆菌中表达大肠杆菌丙酮酸脱氢酶,用PCR法从大肠杆菌总DNA中克隆了pdc基因,将其插入载体pGEX-KG后转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),在IPTG的诱导下实现了表达.通过对表达条件的优化,在TB M9(1∶1)培养基中,33℃下使用终浓度0.5 g·L-1的乳糖诱导4 h,重组大肠杆菌丙酮酸脱氢酶的表达量可占全菌蛋白的45%左右,比未优化前提高了约20%,同时大大降低了成本.     

人巨细胞病毒gp52蛋白基因片段的克隆及表达

目的为获得高表达人巨细胞病毒 ｇｐ５２蛋白基因的工程菌。方法通过计算机分析,筛选出巨细 胞病毒蛋白ｇｐ５２中优势抗原决定簇,用ＰＣＲ技术扩增克隆了含强抗原决定簇的基因片段。将克隆的基因片段插 入表达载体ｐＥＴ２８（ａ）内,转化大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１,经Ｓｅｐｈａｒｅｒｙ１ Ｓ－２００分子筛及Ｎｉ－ＮＴＡ Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ螯合层析进行纯化。结 果获得的工程菌所表达的 ｇｐ５２蛋白片段相对分子质量约为 ２１ ０００,约占菌体可溶性蛋白的 ２８％。获得的表达蛋 白纯度达９５％,电泳显示单一条蛋白带,ＥＬＩＳＡ分析证实有较强的抗原性和较好的特异性。结论本研究对人巨细 胞病毒感染,尤其是对孕妇及献血员等感染的检测有重要意义。     

Effects of Two Sublethal Concentrations of Mercury Chloride on the Morphology and Metallothionein Activity in the Liver of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Mercury (Hg) is a highly hazardous pollutant widely used in industrial, pharmaceutical and agricultural fields. Mercury is found in the environment in several forms, elemental, inorganic (iHg) and organic, all of which are toxic. Considering that the liver is the organ primarily involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, homeostasis and detoxification we investigated the morphological and ultrastructural effects in Danio rerio liver after 96 h exposure to two low HgCl₂ concentrations (7.7 and 38.5 μg/L). We showed that a short-term exposure to very low concentrations of iHg severely affects liver morphology and ultrastructure. The main effects recorded in this work were: cytoplasm vacuolization, decrease in both lipid droplets and glycogen granules, increase in number of mitochondria, increase of rough endoplasmic reticulum and pyknotic nuclei. Pathological alterations observed were dose dependent. Trough immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and real-time PCR analysis, the induction of metallothionein (MT) under stressor conditions was also evaluated. Some of observed alterations could be considered as a general response of tissue to heavy metals, whereas others (such as increased number of mitochondria and increase of RER) may be considered as an adaptive response to mercury.     

人肌红蛋白基因的克隆、表达及其抗体制备

目的克隆、表达人肌红蛋白基因,并制备人肌红蛋白多克隆抗体。方法应用RT-PCR方法从人骨骼肌总RNA中扩增肌红蛋白基因(hMb)编码序列,克隆入原核表达载体pRSETc中,并在大肠杆菌E.coliBL21(DE3)中诱导表达。表达产物经亲和层析和凝胶层析纯化。纯化蛋白免疫小鼠,制备多克隆抗体,并用Westernblot检测其特异性。结果测序表明RT-PCR所得的肌红蛋白基因hMb序列与GenBank(NM203377)中报道的序列一致。该基因在大肠杆菌E.coliBL21(DE3)中获得高效可溶性表达,表达产物经纯化,获得电泳纯的蛋白。重组人肌红蛋白的表达水平达12.8%。每升发酵液中可获得纯化的目的蛋白6.438mg。Western blot分析表明该蛋白为融合有6个His的hMb蛋白。ELISA法测得抗体效价为1∶12800,Western blot证实其具有较好的特异性。结论已成功克隆人肌红蛋白基因,在大肠杆菌中获得了可溶性表达,并制备了抗人肌红蛋白的多克隆抗体。     

人热休克蛋白70基因的克隆、表达及鉴定

目的克隆人热休克蛋白70(HSP70)基因,构建其原核高效表达载体。方法将PCR扩增的HSP70基因克隆到原核高效表达载体pET-28b中,转化大肠杆菌JM109。挑选阳性克隆,提取质粒pE28b70F,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达目标蛋白。结果在大肠杆菌中成功表达了HSP70,表达量约占细菌总蛋白的22·3%,其中可溶性目标蛋白占上清总蛋白的12%。Westernblot表明该目标蛋白具有与鼠抗人HSP70单抗特异结合的抗原活性。通过Ni2+-NTA亲和柱,从1L诱导产物中纯化出约1520mg重组蛋白,纯度在80%以上。结论已成功表达HSP70,为进一步研究其生物学功能和作用机制奠定了基础。     

Full-Length cDNA Cloning,Molecular Characterization and Differential Expression Analysis of Lysophospholipase I from Ovis aries

Lysophospholipase I (LYPLA1) is an important protein with multiple functions. In this study, the full-length cDNA of the LYPLA1 gene from Ovis aries (OaLypla1) was cloned using primers and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology. The full-length OaLypla1 was 2457 bp with a 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of 24 bp, a 3′-UTR of 1740 bp with a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 693 bp encoding a protein of 230 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 24,625.78 Da. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the OaLypla1 protein shared a high amino acid identity with LYPLA1 of Bos taurus. The recombinant OaLypla1 protein was expressed and purified, and its phospholipase activity was identified. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against OaLypla1 that bound native OaLypla1 were generated. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that OaLypla1 was constitutively expressed in the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and white blood cells of sheep, with the highest level in the kidney. Additionally, the mRNA levels of OaLypla1 in the buffy coats of sheep challenged with virulent or avirulent Brucella strains were down-regulated compared to untreated sheep. The results suggest that OaLypla1 may have an important physiological role in the host response to bacteria. The function of OaLypla1 in the host response to bacterial infection requires further study in the future.     

HIV-1 Vif基因的克隆与原核表达

目的克隆HIV-1Vif基因编码区序列,并在原核细胞中表达。方法构建原核表达载体pMRI,将Vif基因序列克隆至该载体中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导,菌体裂解后获得特异性表达蛋白,用组氨酸标签特异性亲和树脂分离纯化该蛋白,并经SDS-PAGE及Westernblot鉴定。结果表达质粒pMRI-Vif经双酶切,可见约600bp的Vif基因片段,测序结果证明质粒构建正确。在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中高效表达了可溶性Vif蛋白,纯化后经凝胶自动扫描分析,纯度达85%以上,蛋白浓度约为1g/L。纯化产物具有良好的抗原特异性。结论在大肠杆菌中高效表达了可溶性Vif蛋白。     

人类博卡病毒结构蛋白基因VP2的克隆与表达

采用PCR方法扩增出人类博卡病毒结构蛋白基因VP2,通过双酶切、连接、转化等方法将VP2基因克隆到原核表达载体pMAL-c2x上,构建重组质粒pMAL-c2x-VP2,通过双酶切检测重组质粒构建成功;用0.8 mmol.L-1IPTG诱导融合蛋白表达,经SDS-PAGE检测、Western Blot分析,证明目的蛋白得到了表达。可为目的蛋白的纯化及结构和功能的研究、相应抗体的制备打下坚实的基础。     

小鼠MUC1基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌DH5α中的表达

目的构建表达小鼠MUC1基因的工程菌,并纯化重组小鼠MUC1融合蛋白。方法通过RT-PCR扩增小鼠MUC1基因片段,连入pMAL-p2原核表达载体,并转化大肠杆菌DH5,αIPTG诱导表达,经Western blot鉴定,Amylose Resin亲和层析纯化。结果获得了小鼠MUC1 708bp DNA片段,并构建了pMAL-mMUC1表达载体。表达产物相对分子质量约为67000,经Western blot鉴定,与兔抗MBP多克隆抗体产生特异性反应。纯化的融合蛋白在SDS-PAGE图谱上呈单一条带。结论成功构建了表达小鼠MUC1蛋白的工程菌。