理顺能源价格与可持续发展之间的关系——能源价格改革对于中国经济实现可持续的、具有竞争性的增长具有重要意义——专访摩根士丹翻亚洲有限公司，摩根士丹利亚太区首席经济学家王庆

中国经济在21世纪已经不可能在低价的能源供应下获得发展，在观念上进行转变及在此前提下研究应对策略是当务之急。让“价格理性回归”是解决能源、经济、环境问题的一种可行的途径，能源资源价格机制的市场化改革导向同时也符合社会主义市场经济体制改革的内在要求。     

2013年欧洲轿车发动机油规格最新进展

欧洲轿车发动机油规格除了ACEA规格以外,各OEM均有自己的轿车发动机油规格。奔驰、大众及PSA规格在欧洲具有较大影响力,ACEA主要通过使用这三家OEM的发动机试验并引入美国API相应规格的发动机试验形成自己的规格体系。欧洲OEM轿车发动机油规格也均在ACEA基础上增加了许多内部的发动机试验要求。文章主要介绍奔驰、大众及PAS以及美系车通用和福特在欧洲使用的发动机油规格。ACEA尽管达不到API在美国的地位,但ACEA在欧洲的地位却在不断提高。     

An Empirical Study of Asian Crude Oil Premiums

Middle East is the major world region producing and exporting crude oil. However, the same Middle East crude oil has different prices when it is sold to different countries. The price① to Asian countries might be higher than that to European and America countries. This kind of difference is termed the Asian crude oil premium. Owing to the premium, Asian countries have to pay more to import Middle East crude oil than European and America countries. Japan depends heavily on Middle East cr…     

High freight rates hinder oil markets' return to equilibrium

Hurricane damage to refineries in the US has created shortages of refined products there, boosting imports and sending freight rates across the Atlantic to record levels. The situation was made worse for a time by a strike at France's main oil terminals in the Mediterranean, which prevented some oil tankers from being rapidly redeployed to routes across the Atlantic. Worldscale (WS) rates for routes from the UK and Europe to the US Atlantic and Gulf Coasts rose well above WS500 for clean tonnage during October. High rates were nevertheless not simply confined to product tankers crossing the Atlantic. Rates for crude tankers to the US have also risen, and tightness has begun to appear in some other markets as well. The net result has been to slow down the movement of oil from regions of surplus to those of scarcity, depressing prices in the former and keeping them at high levels in the latter. Atlantic tanker markets look like remaining tight for the rest of the year and perhaps beyond.     

Russia pushes ahead with new pipelines

The start of the construction of an oil export pipeline from Eastern Siberia to the Pacific Ocean marks an important new phase in Russia's policy of diversifying its exports away from Europe. Sales to the former Comecon nations of Eastern Europe have been eroded over the last decade-and-a-half since the countries there have tried to import crude oil from the North Sea and elsewhere, following the collapse of the Soviet economic bloc with its barter system of trade in oil and major commodities. Recently, Western Europeans have expressed concerns about the share of Russian supplies in their energy balances, particularly since the argument between Russia and Ukraine over gas supplies at the beginning of 2006 ( see 'Gas and Power', February 2006 ). Since then, the European Commission has been warning of the danger of the European Union's becoming over-reliant on Russian energy.     

Iraq goes to polls, China seeks more oil and UK worries about petrol

This section summarizes downstream developments of the previous month. Exploration & Production are covered in 'Upstream Review'.
Following a month in which US and British forces suffered their heaviest daily casualties, the Iraqi people voted in large numbers for a new national assembly ( see 'Focus'). Violence, however, continued after the election and oil installations were reported damaged, including a pipeline linking the Kirkuk oil field to the Baiji refinery and a further line between Baiji and the refinery at Daurah. The export line connecting Kirkuk to the Turkish Mediterranean port of Ceyhan was also hit. Sabotage to electricity installations affected oil pumping stations in the south of the country cutting production and forcing the Iraqis to announce a 10% cut in contract volumes of Basrah Light until the middle of the year. An official investigation into the UN-administered Oil-for-Food Programme concluded that the man in charge, Benon Sevan "repeatedly solicited" oil for a company called Africa Middle East Petroleum. A further report into other allegations of corruption in connection with the programme, which supervised export sales of Iraqi petroleum from 1993 to 2003, is due later this year. Relief at the apparent success of the Iraqi election caused crude oil prices to fall by about $3 a barrel. OPEC ministers did their bit for oil prices by agreeing not to cut output at their meeting on 30th January. Quotas remain unchanged at 27 mn bpd. The organization's target price band of $22-28 a barrel, however, has been suspended. A new one will be discussed in March. Kuwait announced it was to increase security at its oil installations following an attack by armed men in an area close to the emirate's largest refinery, at Mina al-Ahmadi.     

世界主要国家和地区车用发动机油市场特点及发展方向

世界润滑油需求预计将以每年2.3%的速度增长,到2010年达到4180万t。发动机用油将继续占全部润滑油需求的半壁江山,份额为48%。美国、欧洲和日本引领了发动机油新技术发展潮流,对我国发动机油产生较大影响。文章主要介绍了美国、欧洲、日本以及中国汽车发动机油市场特点及发展趋势。     

Asia looks for new power station fuels

The rapid rise in demand for electricity in Asia is distorting fuel markets. Heavy fuel oil is widely used there as a power station feedstock, unlike in Western Europe and North America, where fuel oil is sometimes a distress product. Here, refiners tend to convert as much as their residues to white products in high demand, such as gasoline and diesel, rather than producing fuel oil. Asia's growing demand for white products ought to dictate a similar policy there, but many refiners prefer instead to keep the production of fuel oil high. The result is often that there are insufficient supplies of both. The answer to the fuel oil shortage is to import from areas of surplus such as Western Europe and the US, but record freight rates in recent months have greatly reduced the trade to Asia ( see 'Focus', January 2005 ).     

2013年国际天然气市场供需形势及价格走势分析与展望

2013年,世界天然气市场运行总体平稳,产量和消费量均稳定增长,供需基本平衡。定量、定性分析北美、欧洲、亚太地区三大天然气市场的供需形势和价格趋势后认为：①供需方面,北美天然气消费量小幅增长,供应相对宽松;欧洲天然气消费在2010年之后首次企稳,供需基本平衡;亚太地区天然气消费量增速减缓,新兴经济体仍是主要增长动力;全球LNG液化能力和接收能力同时增加,贸易量小幅反弹。②价格方面,北美和欧洲的天然气2013年平均价格均有较大幅度增长,亚洲地区年均价格小幅下降,三地市场价格差异明显缩小;但亚洲LNG进口价格却长期高于其他地区,承担着不合理的亚洲“溢价”。据此做出展望：预计2014年世界天然气供需将保持平稳增长,但地区市场差异仍将存在;预计北美天然气消费量将与2013年持平,供应由宽松趋于平衡,价格大幅上涨;受经济疲软、气温平稳等因素的综合影响,欧洲气价将同比下降;在国际油价与2013年水平基本持平或略有下降的情况下,预计2014年亚洲LNG进口价格将稳中有降;上述三大天然气市场价格差异有望进一步缩小。     

世界汽车及其润滑油的发展与排放的相关性分析

介绍了美国，欧洲，日本，中国汽油机油与柴油机油的发展过程，现状，趋势及其与排放的相关性，指出：90年代美国环保要求与节能变得更加严格，美国内燃机油规格进展充分反映了这一变化；欧洲，日本进入21世纪总的方向也是如此；中国的轿车工业主要是世界知名汽车厂商合资生产，其内燃机油规格遵守世界汽车厂商的要求，基本上跟随欧洲规格。     

Energy security rises to top of agenda in 2006

A dispute over gas prices between two former Soviet republics has spread alarm across Europe and caused the EU to reassess its energy security. Natural gas supplies are a long term concern for many European countries, but of much more immediate concern is the supply of crude oil and refined products. Last year saw record prices for both ( see 'Oil Price Review', October 2005 ), caused by a combination of high demand in the US and Asia, a shortage of light, sweet crudes worldwide and damage by hurricanes to a large number of refineries along the US Gulf.     

东营凹陷南坡东段沙三段沉积体系分析及油气成藏规律研究

随着勘探程度的不断提高，岩性油藏在新增储量中所占的比例也在逐年增加。与东营凹陷中带相比，南坡东段沙三段岩性油藏勘探和研究程度较低。以高分辨率层序地层学为指导，对该区沙三段层序地层进行划分与对比，建立了与牛庄洼陷相对应的等时地层格架。在此基础上，研究了沙三段沉积体系的发育演变，认为该区存在远岸浊积扇、三角洲坡移浊积扇两类浊积岩，并指出其主要发育期次及分布范围；同时对该区岩性体成藏控制因素进行研究，明确勘探部署方向。     

Oil Demand and Stocks

Current data of world oil demand. This includes international bunkers and refinery fuel. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data of oil demand from counties such as Canada, the United States of America, Japan, OECD Europe, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Turkey. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for crude oil and refined product stocks in Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United States (Western Hemisphere), France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Other Europe (Europe), Japan, Republic of Korea, Other Pacific (Asia-Pacific), and Total OECD (Table 12.1) Current data for refined product stocks in the OECD Western Hemisphere, OECD Europe, OECD Asia-Pacific and Total OECD. Products include gasoline, diesel and gasoil, and heavy fuel oil. Updated on a monthly basis (Table 12.2).     

Oil Demand and Stocks

Current data of world oil demand. This includes international bunkers and refinery fuel. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data of oil demand from counties such as Canada, the United States of America, Japan, OECD Europe, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Turkey. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for crude oil and refined product stocks in Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United States (Western Hemisphere), France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Other Europe (Europe), Japan, Republic of Korea, Other Pacific (Asia-Pacific), and Total OECD (Table 12.1) Current data for refined product stocks in the OECD Western Hemisphere, OECD Europe, OECD Asia-Pacific and Total OECD. Products include gasoline, diesel and gasoil, and heavy fuel oil. Updated on a monthly basis (Table 12.2).     

Oil Demand and Stocks

Current data of world oil demand. This includes international bunkers and refinery fuel. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data of oil demand from counties such as Canada, the United States of America, Japan, OECD Europe, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Turkey. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for crude oil and refined product stocks in Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United States (Western Hemisphere), France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Other Europe (Europe), Japan, Republic of Korea, Other Pacific (Asia-Pacific), and Total OECD (Table 12.1) Current data for refined product stocks in the OECD Western Hemisphere, OECD Europe, OECD Asia-Pacific and Total OECD. Products include gasoline, diesel and gasoil, and heavy fuel oil. Updated on a monthly basis (Table 12.2).     

Oil Demand and Stocks

Current data of world oil demand. This includes international bunkers and refinery fuel. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data of oil demand from counties such as Canada, the United States of America, Japan, OECD Europe, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Turkey. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for crude oil and refined product stocks in Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United States (Western Hemisphere), France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Other Europe (Europe), Japan, Republic of Korea, Other Pacific (Asia-Pacific), and Total OECD (Table 12.1) Current data for refined product stocks in the OECD Western Hemisphere, OECD Europe, OECD Asia-Pacific and Total OECD. Products include gasoline, diesel and gasoil, and heavy fuel oil. Updated on a monthly basis (Table 12.2).     

Oil Demand and Stocks

Current data of world oil demand. This includes international bunkers and refinery fuel. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data of oil demand from counties such as Canada, the United States of America, Japan, OECD Europe, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Turkey. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for crude oil and refined product stocks in Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United States (Western Hemisphere), France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Other Europe (Europe), Japan, Republic of Korea, Other Pacific (Asia-Pacific), and Total OECD (Table 12.1) Current data for refined product stocks in the OECD Western Hemisphere, OECD Europe, OECD Asia-Pacific and Total OECD. Products include gasoline, diesel and gasoil, and heavy fuel oil. Updated on a monthly basis (Table 12.2).     

Oil Demand and Stocks

Current data of world oil demand. This includes international bunkers and refinery fuel. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data of oil demand from counties such as Canada, the United States of America, Japan, OECD Europe, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Turkey. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for crude oil and refined product stocks in Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United States (Western Hemisphere), France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Other Europe (Europe), Japan, Republic of Korea, Other Pacific (Asia-Pacific), and Total OECD (Table 12.1) Current data for refined product stocks in the OECD Western Hemisphere, OECD Europe, OECD Asia-Pacific and Total OECD. Products include gasoline, diesel and gasoil, and heavy fuel oil. Updated on a monthly basis (Table 12.2).     

Oil Demand and Stocks

Current data of world oil demand. This includes international bunkers and refinery fuel. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data of oil demand from counties such as Canada, the United States of America, Japan, OECD Europe, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Turkey. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for crude oil and refined product stocks in Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United States (Western Hemisphere), France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Other Europe (Europe), Japan, Republic of Korea, Other Pacific (Asia-Pacific), and Total OECD (Table 12.1) Current data for refined product stocks in the OECD Western Hemisphere, OECD Europe, OECD Asia-Pacific and Total OECD. Products include gasoline, diesel and gasoil, and heavy fuel oil. Updated on a monthly basis (Table 12.2).     

Oil Demand and Stocks

Current data of world oil demand. This includes international bunkers and refinery fuel. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data of oil demand from counties such as Canada, the United States of America, Japan, OECD Europe, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Turkey. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for crude oil and refined product stocks in Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United States (Western Hemisphere), France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Other Europe (Europe), Japan, Republic of Korea, Other Pacific (Asia-Pacific), and Total OECD (Table 12.1) Current data for refined product stocks in the OECD Western Hemisphere, OECD Europe, OECD Asia-Pacific and Total OECD. Products include gasoline, diesel and gasoil, and heavy fuel oil. Updated on a monthly basis (Table 12.2).