弹性防砂筛管在欢127块应用研究

欢127东块1989年投入开发以来，出砂问题严重制约着该块的有效开发，2005年底二次开发前，该块共有油井97口，开井率仅32%，区块日产油54t，采油速度低，采出程度低。该块存在的主要问题是出砂严重且砂体十分细小，早期直井的机械筛管防砂无法达到该块防砂要求，同时存在着排液与防砂之间的矛盾。通过研究对比，认为弹性防砂筛管具有比较好的防砂性能，能够满足欢127东块的防砂要求。在该块实施二次开发9口水平井应用获得较好效果，投产后区块日产油由54t上升到195t。     

稀油防砂技术研究及效果评价

本文针对锦16块稀油油藏出砂状况和出砂规律,从储层岩性、原油物性、岩石力学等方面分析了油井出砂的原因,本着效益最大化的原则,确定了同一区块不同部位的配套防砂工艺并付诸实施,几年来共实施128井次,增油22658t,恢复了一批因出砂导致的停产井,提高了油田整体开发水平,取得了非常显著的经济效益。     

防砂技术研究浅析

胜利油田部分油田、区块属于胶结疏松的常规稠油出砂油藏,油层埋藏浅,出砂严重,随着油田开采时间的延长,地层出砂加剧、防砂难度逐年增加。为了提高这部分油田的开发效果,引进了新型的一次性高压充填防砂工艺,并在应用过程中不断对防砂配套技术、防砂施工工艺进行完善和改进应用,取得了良好的防砂增油效果。     

防砂技术研究浅析

胜利油田部分油田、区块属于胶结疏松的常规稠油出砂油藏,油层埋藏浅,出砂严重,随着油田开采时间的延长,地层出砂加剧、防砂难度逐年增加。为了提高这部分油田的开发效果,引进了新型的一次性高压充填防砂工艺,并在应用过程中不断对防砂配套技术、防砂施工工艺进行完善和改进应用,取得了良好的防砂增油效果。     

齐108块出砂机理探索及综合防砂

针对辽河油区欢喜岭油田稠油主力区块齐108块在开发中后期出砂严重的现状,开展了齐108块出砂机理探索与研究工作,之后有针对性地实施防排一体化治砂战略。结果表明：出砂机理探索与研究是增强防砂措施针对性和超前性的前提和基础,是提高防砂效果的科学依据;综合防砂技术是一项技术成熟、应用效果好的防砂工艺,极大地延长油井砂卡检泵周期,有效地维护了油井的正产生产,尤其对于该块开发的中后期,油井出砂量大、出砂粒径变小的情况下,应用该技术将在维持油井稳产方面将起到积极有效的作用。     

稠油高温人工井壁防砂技术的研究及应用

本文针对稠油区块注高温蒸汽,普通防砂材料难以满足稠油开发的要求这个问题,研发出稠油高温防砂材料,开发了稠油高温人工井壁防砂技术,该技术解决了稠油注汽井防砂难题,截止目前已现场应用40井次,防砂增油显著,是辽河油田稠油出砂区块稳产、增产的有效工艺技术之一。     

一次防砂多次注汽采油技术在孤东油区的应用

目前孤东稠油单元总井561口,开井445口,日产油1297.9t,单井日产油3.4t。稠油开采主要采用注汽吞吐开采方式。采用这一生产模式,存在单采成本高,占井周期长等弊端。一次防砂多次注汽采油工艺,采用下入防砂管柱后进行多轮次注汽采油,有效延长防砂周期,提高油气比,实现低成本高效率开发。     

通17块压裂防砂一体化技术研究

通17块油藏控制因素复杂,油藏类型为薄互层、强水敏、地层—岩性层状不整合普通稠油油藏。影响开发效果的主要因素:水敏感性强、出砂严重、油层薄、净总比低、原油粘度高且天然能量不足。为此开展了压裂防砂工艺特性参数分析、压裂防砂工艺参数优化设计,确定适合于该区块的压裂防砂方案。     

曙光油田出砂区块防砂治沙对策研究

出砂是影响油气井生产的一个重要因素,它制约着油气田的开发效果。因此,对出砂油藏开展防砂对策研究具有很重要的现实意义。通过对曙光油田出砂区块出砂机理分析,开展提高固井质量、优化射孔技术、实施防砂措施的研究,探索适合于油藏的防砂技术。现场实施效果表明:有针对性的实施防砂措施能有效解决油层出砂问题。这为同类油藏提供了很好的借鉴作用。     

盘河区块开发中后期防砂工艺的配套与改进

本文探讨了盘河区块地质概况,盘河区块防砂工艺发展历程,通过使用高压充填防砂工艺的配套与改进,提高了防砂效果。     

佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的监测和分析

为掌握佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的情况,2015年7月至8月,文章作者分别在雨天进行了降水取样,对降水中的pH、电导率、常见阴离子(F-、Cl~-、NO_3~(2-)、SO_4~(2-))及部分重金属(铅和镉)进行监测分析。选择有相关数据的珠江三角洲和石家庄、厦门等地的降水中污染物的情况进行对比。结果表明,顺德新城区降水中的p H和部分阴离子浓度优于珠江三角洲平均值,酸雨类型属于硫酸和硝酸混合型;其水体洁净程度略差于石家庄;铅和镉的浓度也高于厦门,甚至部分超出了人体能直接接触的安全范围。     

Metabolism of trideuterated iso-lignoceric acid in rats in Vivo and in human fibroblasts in culture

Saturated very long chain fatty acids (fatty acids with greater than 22 carbon atoms; VLCFA) accumulate in peroxisomal disorders, but there is little information on their turnover in patients. To determine the suitability of using stable isotope-labeled VLCFA in patients with these disorders, the metabolism of 22-methyl[23,23,23-²H₃]tricosanoic (iso-lignoceric) acid was studied in rats in vivo and in human skin fibroblasts in culture. The deuterated iso-VLCFA was degraded to the corresponding 16- and 18-carbon iso-fatty acids by rats in vivo and by normal human skin fibroblasts in culture, but there was little or no degradation in peroxisome-deficient (Zellweger’s syndrome) fibroblasts, indicating that its oxidation was peroxisomal. Neither the 14-, 20-, and 22-carbon iso-fatty acids nor the corresponding odd-chain metabolites could be detected. In the rat, the organ containing most of the iso-lignoceric acid, and its breakdown products, was the liver, whereas negligible amounts were detected in the brain, suggesting that little of the fatty acid crossed the blood-brain barrier. Our data indicate that VLCFA labeled with deuterium at the ω-position of the carbon chain are suitable derivatives for the in vivo investigation of patients with defects in peroxisomal β-oxidation because they are metabolized by the same pathways as the corresponding n-VLCFA. Moreover, as iso-VLCFA and their β-oxidation products are readily separated from the corresponding n-fatty acids by normal chromatographic procedures, the turnover of VLCFA can be more precisely measured. A preliminary report of part of this work (Reference 18) was presented at the 5th International Symposium on the Synthesis and Applications of Isotopes and Isotopically Labelled Compounds, Strasbourg, France, June 20–24, 1994.     

高效液相色谱法分析化妆品中微量成分的研究进展

综述了高效液相色谱法在化妆品中防腐剂、防晒剂中紫外线吸收剂以及性激素的检测等几个方面的应用;同时,介绍了分析所用的色谱柱、流动相、使用的检测手段以及样品的提取方法;最后针对目前存在的问题,提出了高效液相色谱用于化妆品中微量成分分析的研究方向和发展前景。     

Denitrification in shallow groundwater in a coastal agricultural area in Japan

In a coastal agricultural area in the central part of Japan (Shizuoka), we found decreasing nitrate concentration with depth in a shallow groundwater, where the depth to water table varied between 0.6 and 1.2 m below ground surface. High nitrate concentrations (5–29 mg N L^–1) were often observed in the upper layer (0–2 m) of the groundwater, but the concentration decreased to less than 1 mg N L^–1 in the deeper layer. Ammonium was scarcely detected, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen was usually low (< 1 mgO₂ L^–1) in the groundwater. Nitrate in the groundwater often had very heavy nitrogen stable isotope ratios (>20{}). There was a negative relationship between nitrogen stable isotope ratio of nitrate and its concentration. When nitrate was injected into the groundwater with acetylene and bromide (a conservative tracer), nitrate concentration decreased to 20% of the initial level within 5 days, accompanied by the increase in nitrite and nitrous oxide concentration and a little change in bromide concentration. These results indicate that microbial denitrification plays a potential role in the decrease of nitrate in shallow groundwater at the study site.     

我国硝酸工业生产技术新进展

系统叙述了我国硝酸工业2000-2007年生产现状及主要技术成果,尤其指出了国产"四合一"机组的成功投运,使我国硝酸国产化装置取得较大的进步,表现在吨酸的铂耗、氨耗和能耗等方面接近国外引进装置水平,同时介绍了国外双加压法硝酸生产技术的进展.我国已成为硝酸生产大国,仍需以先进的技术改造和发展我国硝酸工业,确保我国硝酸工业健康有序地发展,加快从硝酸生产大国向强国迈进的步伐.