转谷氨酰胺酶诱导复合蛋白冷致凝胶性能及对茶碱的控释研究

利用转谷氨酰胺酶(MTG酶)诱导大豆分离蛋白-明胶形成复合蛋白冷致凝胶并将其用作茶碱的控释载体,同时对其在模拟胃液和肠液中的控释特性进行研究。结合动态流变测试盒扫描电镜技术研究了复合冷致凝胶性质和表面形态。结果表明:大豆分离蛋白-明胶复合蛋白冷致凝胶呈现致密的网络结构,制备的冷致凝胶在模拟胃液中均呈现溶胀状态,在模拟肠液中逐渐被消化,且其在模拟胃液中溶胀率较低。凝胶在模拟胃液(pH1.2)中的释药率相对模拟肠液(pH7.4)要快,水凝胶对于茶碱的保护能保持至少5h,因此,MTG酶诱导的复合蛋白冷致凝胶对于功能食品的开发将有深远影响。     

葡聚糖-大豆分离蛋白共混凝胶流变性质及微结构研究

采用pH监控,动态流变,激光共聚焦(CLSM)及图像分析技术研究葡萄糖酸内酯(GDL)诱导葡聚糖-大豆分离蛋白(SPI)共混体系形成凝胶的动态粘弹性质及微结构,并探讨凝胶形成动力学及形成机制。结果表明:添加葡聚糖可抑制SPI凝胶形成,使凝胶的粘弹性质降低并出现相分离现象,且葡聚糖浓度和分子质量对SPI凝胶结构具协同弱化效应;与对照样相比,加入葡聚糖后凝胶的微结构相分离程度随葡聚糖分子质量的增加而加剧,温度升高推动凝胶形成的速度弱于相分离的速度,并降低了凝胶的弹性模量值;凝胶形成动力学研究结果表明GDL诱导球蛋白-中性多糖共混凝胶形成动力学与模型方程G′(t)=G′f{1-exp[-k(t-t0)]}非常吻合,添加同浓度多糖条件下凝胶形成速率随葡聚糖分子质量的增加呈降低趋势。     

不同分子量葡聚糖对大豆分离蛋白冷致混合凝胶的流变性质和质构性质的影响

为研究不同分子量葡聚糖对大豆分离蛋白冷致凝胶强度的影响,采用流变仪和质构仪等手段进行分析。研究结果表明:GDL诱导的大豆分离蛋白冷致凝胶是一种弱蛋白凝胶,酸化速率随着GDL含量的增加而增加。高酸化速率条件下形成的大豆分离蛋白冷致凝胶的凝胶起始点早且最快达到模量峰值;低酸化速率条件下形成的大豆分离蛋白冷致凝胶的凝胶起始点晚且最终模量较低。不同分子量和浓度的葡聚糖添加会改变大豆分离蛋白冷致凝胶的凝胶强度。同分子量的葡聚糖与大豆分离蛋白混合体系形成的冷致蛋白多糖凝胶随着葡聚糖浓度的增加其粘弹性质呈现先上升后下降的趋势;而随着葡聚糖分子量增加混合凝胶的粘弹性质变化越显著。     

卡拉胶/大豆11S蛋白共混体系相容性及凝胶性质研究

研究了大豆11S蛋白分别与3种不同荷电量卡拉胶组成共混体系的相容性、热性质、凝胶流变性质及微结构,并探讨了共混凝胶的成胶动力学及机理。结果表明:ι-卡拉胶对大豆11S蛋白的相容性比κ-卡拉胶弱,添加λ-卡拉胶样共混体系更易发生相分离;添加3种卡拉胶均提高了大豆11S蛋白的热变性温度,但降低了热焓值,影响效果依次是λ-卡拉胶﹥ι-卡拉胶﹥κ-卡拉胶;共混凝胶随卡拉胶所带负电荷的增加其弹性模量值呈降低趋势,且凝胶网络结构由蛋白-多糖双连续结构转变为蛋白凝胶网络单连续结构;增加卡拉胶所带负电荷可降低共混凝胶形成过程表观活化能,同时降低了温控程序终点的弹性模量值。     

不同分子量葡聚糖与大豆7S蛋白混合凝胶的流变学性质

采用哈克流变仪对不同分子量葡聚糖与大豆7S蛋白混合体系的凝胶流变学性质进行研究。结果表明:葡聚糖与大豆7S蛋白混合体系形成的蛋白多糖凝胶相对单一浓度的大豆7S蛋白凝胶具有较高的弹性模量;同分子量的葡聚糖与大豆7S蛋白混合体系形成的蛋白多糖凝胶黏弹性质随葡聚糖浓度增加而增加;同浓度葡聚糖与大豆7S蛋白混合体系形成的蛋白多糖凝胶黏弹性质随加入葡聚糖分子量的增加而增加;同浓度同类型葡聚糖体系凝胶形成的起始温度Tp0.25相似文献   

大豆蛋白/壳聚糖复合膜的控释特性的研究

采用共混法形成壳聚糖(CS)-大豆蛋白(SPI)复合膜,并将茶碱包埋于其中制备茶碱的定位控释载体。结合红外分析和扫描电镜技术研究复合膜的释放特性和表面形态,其结果表明复合膜中大豆蛋白和壳聚糖之间存在交联作用;这种复合膜在胃肠液均呈溶胀状态,在模拟胃液中溶胀度较低,且在模拟肠液中降解速率较快。复合膜在模拟胃液中的释药速率相对模拟肠液要快,而且随着蛋白含量的增加,复合膜的溶胀度和释放率都随之降低,所有的复合膜对于茶碱的保护能保持至少7 h,因此壳聚糖-大豆蛋白复合膜可以用作控缓载体。     

超声对大豆11S蛋白-葡聚糖共混溶液冷致凝胶流变性质的影响

本文采用稳态剪切和小变形振荡流变分析方法研究了超声时间、超声功率对大豆11S蛋白-葡聚糖共混溶液的稳态剪切粘度和及其冷致凝胶过程动态流变性质的影响。实验结果表明：对照样及超声处理后的共混溶液均为假塑性流体,共混溶液的表观粘度随超声时间或超声功率增加呈降低趋势。与对照样相比,经237.5 W超声处理6 min后,粘度的下降幅度达46.6%。当超声处理时间或功率分别位于0~9 min或0~142.5 W范围时,共混溶液经超声处理后均可冷致形成非共价三维网络共混凝胶,凝胶的G'和G"随时间或功率增加呈增加趋势。当超声时间或功率分别增加到12 min或237.5 W时,共混凝胶的G'分别由峰值的954.7 Pa和609.9 Pa降低为367.3 Pa和507.8 Pa,同时凝胶起始时间被迟滞。超声处理对凝胶线性粘弹区域影响不显著。     

聚丙烯酸钠-纤维素多糖类互穿网络水凝胶的制备及溶胀特性研究

利用互穿网络(IPN)技术制备了以甘油和N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂的聚丙烯酸钠/纤维素互穿网络水凝胶.研究了该IPN凝胶在不同温度、pH值和不同离子下的溶胀变化行为以及它在模拟胃液和肠液环境中的溶胀动力学性质.结果表明:该IPN凝胶的平衡溶胀率随温度的升高而降低,在中性和碱性的环境下,温度于35～42℃时该凝胶具有溶胀突变特性,但在酸性环境下无此特性.于25℃和37℃的条件下,分别考察pH对该凝胶溶胀率的影响,表明在25℃和37℃时该凝胶都有良好的pH敏感性.在人工胃液和人工肠液环境中,考察了该凝胶的溶胀动力特性,发现该凝胶在人工胃液环境中溶胀率小,溶胀缓慢;而在人工肠液中溶胀率高,且溶胀速儋率快.通过调整配方,该IPN凝胶有望成为一种潜在的靶向肠道功能成分释放载体.     

超声增容对大豆11S蛋白-刺槐豆胶冷致凝胶性质的影响

通过超声处理大豆11S蛋白-刺槐豆胶共混溶液,并随后添加葡萄糖酸内酯(GDL)冷致酸化制备刺槐豆胶增强大豆11S蛋白共混复合凝胶材料。结果表明,与对照样相比,经47.5 W功率超声强度处理4 min后,共混凝胶的强度有显著提高,且刺槐豆胶分散相所占孔隙率和平均孔隙直径分别降低了50.6%和34.6%。随超声处理功率的增加,孔隙率和孔隙直径进一步降低,表明有效改善了刺槐豆胶与大豆11S蛋白的相容性。共混凝胶强度随超声处理功率增加呈先增加后降低趋势,且超声处理样共混凝胶强度均大于对照样。     

高G型海藻酸钠-明胶pH敏感型复合水凝胶的制备与性质

以碳酸钙和葡萄糖酸内酯为缓释钙源,采用共混法制备高G型海藻酸钠-明胶(HGAGNa-GT)复合水凝胶,研究不同复配比例对高G型海藻酸钠-明胶复合水凝胶性质的影响。研究结果表明,在复合水凝胶中,高G型海藻酸钠与明胶之间存在强烈的相互作用和良好的相容性。随着复合水凝胶中明胶所占比例的增加,其凝胶弹性逐渐增大,凝胶硬度呈先增大后减小的趋势。水凝胶的储能模量和损耗模量均随明胶所占比例的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势。水凝胶的凝胶时间随温度的降低逐渐缩短,随明胶所占比例的增加逐渐延长。高G型海藻酸钠-明胶复合水凝胶微球具有良好的pH敏感性,在模拟小肠液和结肠液中的溶胀度较高,并最终于模拟结肠液环境下降解。当海藻酸钠与明胶的复配比例为5∶3时,水凝胶的凝胶网络结构最为牢固,此时的水凝胶在模拟小肠液和结肠液中的溶胀率最高,分别为26.31%和34.25%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press