The characteristics of the development of learned helplessness in rats selected for the excitability threshold of their nervous systems

To detect t(14;18)-positive cells present in human lymphoma tissue, bone marrow aspirates and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC), we have established an automated, real-time quantitative PCR using double-labeled fluorogenic probes. In relation to t(14;18)-positive genomic DNA or a cloned t(14;18)-DNA fragment, highly reproducible results can be obtained with initial copy numbers between 10 to 10(5). The detection of single copies has been verified by the stochastic multiple-tube approach. PBMNC cells obtained during clinical follow-up of patients with follicular lymphoma were analyzed by the one-step, real-time quantitative PCR and a two-step, semi-nested PCR combined with a limiting dilution assay. The quantitative results obtained by both assays correlate very well. Real-time quantitative PCR has several advantages: (i) it involves less critical pipetting steps, (ii) is less time-consuming and (iii) UTP, in combination with uracil-N-glycosylase, can be used to control carryover contamination. The higher specificity is due to optimized primer annealing conditions and MgCl2 concentration and the use of AmpliTaq Gold. The sensitivity is at least as high as by the two-step PCR. Real-time quantitative PCR will be very helpful in large epidemiological studies and in research for molecular staging and the detection of minimal residual tumor cells, including the analysis of blood stem-cell preparations to be used for transplantation after myelo-ablative therapy.     

小电流接地系统单相接地保护

本文介绍了目前在冶金企业 ６～１０ＫＶ电网中使用的几种单相接地保护装置的特点，分析了它们各自的不足之处，并结合马钢的使用情况，提出了在装置的安装、维护和调试中需要注意的几个问题。     

Effect of hypnotics on mice genetically selected for sensitivity to ethanol

It was previously shown that the rate of disappearance of blood ethanol was identical for two lines of mice selectively bred for differences in sleep-time after ethanol administration. The ED50 values for the loss of righting response with ethanol were significantly different at 3.64 g per kg for the SS line and 1.65 g per kg for the LS line. In the present study the mean sleep time is 367 sec for SS mice and 9342 sec for LS mice. The ED50 values remain essentially the same as previously reported. Unchanged LD50 values for ethanol, however, are not different at 4.8 g per kg for the SS and 4.5 g per kg for the LS line of mice. The ED50 value for loss for righting response following administration of methanol, butanol and t-butanol is approximately 2 fold greater for the SS line of mice than for the LS line. The ED50 values for sodium pentobarbital or ether in the 2 lines of mice for loss of righting response are virtually identical. In addition, the sleep-time values obtained after the administration of pentobarbital, chloral hydrate, trichloroethanol and paraldehyde are not significantly different. These data indicate that while the SS and LS lines of mice differ in central nervous system sensitivity to ethanol, methanol, butanol and t-butanol it is implied that they do no differ in central nervous system sensitivity to other hypnotic agents tested. Proof of this latter suggestion awaits determination of metabolic rates, and brain levels of these other depressants.     

Ultrastructural changes in the encapsulated nerve endings of the tibial nerve under the action of diethyl ether in 2 strains of rats selected for their threshold of nervous system excitability

Using the methods of in situ hybridization (ISHH), ISHH combined with immunocytochemistry ABC and image processing, somatostatin (SOM) mRNA level and coexistence of SOM mRNA and 5-HT in the nucleus raphe dorsalis (RD) of rat were studied in the normal group, noxious stimulation group, simple electroacupuncture group and electroacupuncture analgesia group (EA). A number of oval and fusiform cells with a weak to moderate hybridization signals were mostly distributed in dorsomedial subnucleus of RD and concentrated on rostral part. An increase of SOM mRNA positive cells could be seen in noxious stimulation group and simple electroacupuncture group comparing with the normal group. In EA group the number of SOM mRNA positive cells increased more than any other groups. A few SOM mRNA and 5-HT doubled cells could be seen in RD in the normal group. Most of the doubled cells were distributed in ventromedial, lateral subnuclei of RD. Comparing with the normal group, doubled cells increased in noxious and simple electroacupuncture group and increased significantly in EA group. The results suggest: (1) SOM takes part in modulation of pain. (2) SOM plays a role in EA. (3) Coexistence of SOM mRNA and 5-HT-in RD suggests that SOM and 5 HT interact synergically in EA.     

电动机轴电流的危害及消除轴电流的措施

文章通过现场具体设备电动机产生轴电流的实例,分析了造成产生轴电流的原因,简述了电动机产生轴电流导致轴承烧损及轴电流对电动机危害,介绍了如何防止电动机产生轴电流及产生轴电流后应采取的具体措施与消除电动机轴电流所取得的实际经济效益与社会效益.     

Sensitivity to low doses of ethanol and pentobarbital in mice selected for sensitivity to hypnotic doses of ethanol.

Assessed sensitivity to low doses of ethanol and pentobarbital in mice that had been selectively bred with respect to ethanol sleep time (the length of time an animal remains on its back following a hypnotic dose of ethanol). The hypothesis investigated was that short-sleep (SS) Ss might be more sensitive than long-sleep (LS) Ss to excitatory effects produced by low doses of depressants. In support of this hypothesis, SS Ss were more active in an open-field test after ethanol than were LS Ss. Two experiments were conducted, using 88 LS and 88 SS Ss. The lines did not differ in performance on a rotating-rod apparatus after these same doses of ethanol, suggesting that the difference in open-field activity was not attributable to a greater impairment of locomotor activity in LS Ss. A similar difference in the open-field activity of the selected lines was observed with pentobarbital. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Electrophysiological responses to ethanol, pentobarbital, and nicotine in mice genetically selected for differential sensitivity to ethanol.

Examined cortical EEG changes induced by ethanol (4.3 and 1.4 g/kg, ip), pentobarbital (50 and 16 mg/kg), and nicotine (1.0 g/kg) in long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) male mice that were genetically selected for differential sleep times induced by a hypnotic dosage of ethanol. Ethanol (4.3 g/kg) caused EEG changes that paralleled the behavioral differences, whereas no differences between selected lines were observed following the activating dose (1.4 g/kg). Data support the notion that the known difference in ethanol sleep times is due not to greater SS sensitivity to ethanol activation but rather to greater LS sensitivity to ethanol hypnosis. No differences between selected lines were observed following 50 mg/kg pentobarbitol, which again parallels previous behavioral data. SS mice were more responsive to pentobarbital activation (16 mg/kg). Nicotine more severely reduced EEG power and heart rate in LS Ss; a continuous infusion of nicotine elicited a distinct pattern of behavioral stereotypy for each selected line, with more profound motor and reflex depression in LS Ss. The lines do not differ in rate of nicotine metabolism, hence they must differ in CNS sensitivity to nicotine. Thus, mice selectively bred for differential sensitivity to ethanol also differ in electrophysiological and behavioral responses to nicotine. (35 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Brain monoamine oxidases in rats selected for their predisposition to pendular-like movements of the head and shoulder girdle

Brain MAO activity was studied in male rats from the strains bred from Wistar stock for predisposition to pendulum movements (PM+) and for the absence of such predisposition (PM-). By 16.00 o'clock, in PM+ rats MAO A activity significantly increased in the brain hemispheres and decreased in the brainstem. By this time, MAO B/MAO A ratio decreased in the hemispheres and increased in the brainstem. Emotional (immobilization) stress induced an increase in activity both of MAO A and MAO B in the brainstem of PM+ rats and increase only in MAO A activity in the hemispheres of PM- rats. Actinomycin D abolished the effect of stress on MAO A and MAO B in PM+ rats but increased MAO A activity in the hemispheres of PM- rats. Possible molecular modifications are discussed in regulation of MAO activity in PM+ rats.     

宝钢二连铸电气设备监控系统

介绍了宝钢二连铸电气设备监控系统。该系统利用V Net侦听技术获取连铸PLC所发出的各种状态数据，用网络技术、OPC技术和iFIX2．6软件实现对整个连铸电气系统的监控，同时利用ODBC接口和SQL Server 2000数据库实现对设备报警的全面管理。该监控系统保证了连铸生产的正常运行。     

Changes in the motor response threshold to direct electric stimulation of the motor cortex during elaboration of conditioned reflex switching-over

During elaboration of switching-over of an alimentary salivary conditioned reflex to a defensive one in dogs, with foreleg passive flexion as a signal stimulus, excitability changes of opposite signs appeared in the cortical representation of the left foreleg. At the stage of elaborated switching-over, the threshold of the flexor reaction to a direct stimulation of the motor cortex became lower in the alimentary experimental situation (passive rise--milk) and rose in the defensive situation (passive rise--acid).     

干熄焦三电系统的改进实例

针对上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司新建的于熄焦系统中出现的电气故障停机和安全生产隐患等问题,对其电气控制系统进行优化和改进,主要基于现有设备情况对操作系统和控制逻辑进行改进.改进后的系统操作简单、维护方便.系统运行1 a来生产稳定,干熄率达到97%以上.对同类企业干熄焦电气控制系统的维护工作有一定借鉴意义.     

真空熔盐电解法制备海绵钛电流效率影响因素的研究

研究了各种因素对真空熔盐电解法制备海绵钛电流效率的影响.研究结果表明:(1)在CaCl2熔盐体系中进行电解,当压力<10 Pa、电解温度850℃、电极间距5 cm、阴极电流密度1.05 A/cm2、阳极电流密度0.8 A/cm2时,可有效避免海绵钛的二次氧化,降低槽电压,减少电流损失,从而提高电流效率;(2)采用混合熔盐体系CaCl2+A,可较大幅度降低电解温度和熔盐电阻,从而提高电流效率;(3)可通过选择适宜的真空度、熔盐体系、电极间距、电流密度,保持规整的电解槽内型,使用纯度较高的熔盐和TiO2原料等提高电流效率.     

真空熔盐电解法制备海绵钛电流效率影响因素的研究

研究了各种因素对真空熔盐电解法制备海绵钛电流效率的影响。研究结果表明：（1）在CaCl2熔盐体系中进行电解,当压力〈10Pa、电解温度850℃、电极间距5cm、阴极电流密度1．05A／cm^2、阳极电流密度0．8A／cm^2时,可有效避免海绵钛的二次氧化,降低槽电压,减少电流损失,从而提高电流效率;（2）采用混合熔盐体系CaCl2＋A,可较大幅度降低电解温度和熔盐电阻,从而提高电流效率;（3）可通过选择适宜的真空度、熔盐体系、电极间距、电流密度,保持规整的电解槽内型,使用纯度较高的熔盐和TiO2原料等提高电流效率。     

Acute intraventricular CRF lowers the hoarding threshold in male rats

The influence of intracerebroventricular rat-CRF on the food-hoarding behavior of rats has been studied in relation to the animals' body weights. A group of six male rats was trained to feed every day from 1000 to 1200 h. Then their threshold for the onset of food hoarding was measured from the intercept of regression line of food hoarded during meal time vs. body weight with the x-axis. Thirty minutes before the hoarding session, the rats received 4 micrograms CRF, or saline control, in the lateral ventricle. The mean threshold for food hoarding was significantly lowered to 299 +/- 61 g after CRF, from control 418 +/- 68 g. Mean food intake during the hoarding sessions was also diminished to 6.0 +/- 0.6 g after CRF, from control 14.5 +/- 0.5 g. These results suggest that the set-point for body weight regulation is acutely lowered by intracerebral CRF.     

Oscillations in the transepithelial electric potential and current under the influence of lithium

One can induce sustained oscillations of the spontaneous potential of the frog epithelium by replacing whole or part of the sodium of the external medium with lithium; in the same conditions, the electric current at imposed potential gives damped oscillations. The shape of the oscillations varies much according to the external medium. In the case of the quasi-sinusoidal oscillations, The period is always about 10 mn. We suggest formulating this phenomenon within the framework of the dissipative structurations in non-equilibrium thermodynamics.     

Steady state model for current and temperature distributions in an electric smelting furnace

A two-dimensional mathematical model has been developed for predicting current and temperature distributions in an electric smelting furnace. The current distribution is calculated by solving differential equation for magnetic field intensity H_θ with A.C. input. Temperature distribution in the furnace is evaluated by solving the equation for conservation of energy. The data used for the model is based on the ferro manganese production. The effect of various operating parameters such as electrode depth, electrical conductivity of the charge and the slag on the power consumption, heat loss, slag and top gas temperatures have been studied in the present model.     

电热前床三相电流平衡智能集成控制策略

针对电热前床三相电流平衡控制中所面临的多变量耦合、非线性、不确定性和强干扰等诸多难题,提出了专家系统和二维模糊控制相结合的智能集成控制策略.在专家系统的解耦规则表达式中,给加权因子y赋予了自调整能力,有效解决了三相电极电流的非线性耦合问题;二维模糊控制器兼顾了受控过程的动态特性和控制系统的简易性要求,提高了电极升降的快速性和定位精度.本方案已在韶关冶炼厂成功运行,获得了良好的控制效果和经济效益.