焦炭的比表面积与CO2气化反应性的关系

对不同炭化条件下制复的８个样品，在－７８℃下采用ＣＯ２物理吸附法测定了焦炭的比表面积，结果表明，碳化条件对焦炭的气化活性有较大影响，对不同的焦炭，活化能Ｅ和指前因子ＬｏｐｇＡ之间存在着动力学补偿效应。     

干熄炉多段式斜道技术的应用研究

研究了多段式斜道技术抑制干熄炉内斜道区焦炭浮起现象的机理。研究发现,在浮起初期焦炭层阻力是造成焦炭浮起的关键因素,而速度因素只是在浮起后期才起作用。应用多段式斜道技术可以减少焦层阻力以抑制焦炭浮起,文中介绍了唐钢在实际生产中的应用情况。     

欧洲高炉生产对焦炭质量的要求

0 前言 英、法、德等欧洲八个国家的9位专家在第三届国际炼焦会议上发表联合署名文章,阐述了欧洲高炉生产对焦炭质量的要求。 众所周知,焦炭在高炉中起着多种作用,其质量要求长期以来一直是炼焦和炼铁工作者之间争论的课题。尽管在实际生产中对焦炭的质量要求并不一致,但焦炭的作用和它对高炉操作的影响是人所共知的。焦炭在风口气化的碳是高炉中热量和还原性气体的主要来源。焦炭还与简接还原过程有关,通过熔解损失反应,在高炉炉腹和炉身中产生还原气体。焦炭的灰含量及化学性质对炉渣量及其组成有重要影响,是造成含有碱金属、硫和磷等杂质的主要原因。这些杂质直接影响高炉操作和铁水的组成。然     

湿熄焦炭干燥新技术

开创性地将环形风道、十字风道及中央布气装置应用于焦炭贮仓，使气流从周边风环及中央风帽均匀向仓内布气，提高焦炭的干燥效果。以焦炭贮存干燥一体仓为核心，提出一种湿熄焦炭干燥新工艺，为焦炭用户提供了一条降本增效的途径。     

焦炭质量对电炉制磷的影响

介绍了有关焦炭国家标准和理化特性，总结了黄磷生产经验，分析了焦炭比电阻，组份以及粒度等因素对电炉生产的影响。提出必须严把焦炭质量关，称量要准确，炉料混合要匀，严格控制入炉焦炭粒度，使电炉正常生产。     

焦炭反应性和反应后强度试样制备的优化改造

介绍了现有焦炭反应性和反应后强度试样制备方法,通过对现有制样方法进行改进,焦炭试样的颗粒均匀性得以提升,试样形状基本达到一致,大幅提高了焦炭反应性和反应后强度检验结果的准确性和重复性。     

焦炭与焦炭化学产品市场分析与需求预测

笔者对世界和中国焦炭工业以及焦炭化工产品chemical pmduction of the coking的现状和未来进行了分析和需求预测。还结合山西焦煤集团西山煤矿总公司的焦炭化工工业的现状及发展规划，对以炼焦煤气为主要原料生产甲醇、二甲醚、醋酸和醋酐以及甲醛和聚甲醛的生产现状、市场进行了分析与预测。     

煤牌号和工艺因素对焦炭性质的影响

煤料的组成可以间接评定焦炭的性质，但不能揭示炼焦过程中物理化学变化的实质。根据文献资料介绍，煤料的结焦性是煤的地质成熟期（变质作用）、粘结性（塑化）和岩相不均匀性这三种性能表现的结果。除了以上因素，影响焦炭质量的还有煤的粒度组成、水分、预热制度和炭化室的几何形状。很多焦化厂的科研人员研究了种种预测焦炭质量的方法，概括起来可以用以下式子表示：Mi＝f（Vd，∑OK，y，K，Ms）式中：Vd—挥发分（干基）／％K—炼焦制度准数M—炼焦粒度组成准数∑OK—贫煤总量y—胶质层厚度／mm本文着重介绍备煤和炼焦主要工艺因…     

电炉制磷对焦炭质量要求

介绍了焦炭理化特性，分析了焦炭各组分对电炉法生产黄磷的影响，部结了黄磷生产经验，指出了炉料中焦炭粒度大小变化对电炉制磷生产的影响十分敏感。提出了加强科学管理，严把焦炭质量关，逐步完善焦炭加工工艺和设备，建议推广使用料斗式电子称配料计量设备，使炉料称量准确和混合均匀，使电炉生产正常。     

日本企业寻求焦炭新货源

日本钢铁企业寻求新的焦炭供货渠道。一是国内焦炭厂家,如新日铁开始向日本国内寻求供货;二是综合商社在中国当地设立合资企业生产并出口焦炭,兼松公司已在天津设立合资的生产出口企业,预计2005年开始每年向日本出口30万t焦炭;三是寻求焦炭代替原料,自3月开始,日新制钢试验用重油替代焦炭;四是压缩焦炭使用量。住友金属在开工的新高炉中,将冶炼每吨生铁的焦炭使用量降低50公斤,增加煤粉的使用量;神户制钢也在尝试这种办法。日本企业寻求焦炭新货源     

Analysis of coke deposition profiles in commercial spent hydroprocessing catalysts using Raman spectroscopy

The distribution of coke inside the pellets of several industrial spent hydroprocessing catalysts was analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. The shape of the coke profiles gives us information on the deactivation mechanism and the magnitude of diffusion limitations. Samples taken at the end of run showed the most pronounced coke profiles. Typical M-shaped profiles observed in a guard bed catalyst suggest a sequential deactivation mechanism and a strong diffusion resistance. Consequently, it is concluded that near the end of life the catalyst effectiveness factor can be significantly reduced by coke deposition.     

富钙废渣配煤对焦炭溶损反应的影响

将1%富钙碱渣配入焦煤中制备焦炭,采用自制小型垂直固定床反应器研究了900~1200℃下所得焦炭的溶损反应过程. 结果表明,碳素溶损率小于15%时焦炭的溶损反应速率基本不变,碳素溶损率大于15%时溶损反应速率逐渐减小. 焦炭反应后的比表面积随碳素溶损率增加先增大后减小,在溶损率约为15%时最大. 配入富钙碱渣提高了焦炭的溶损反应速率,增大了焦炭的反应性,溶损温度越高,溶损速率增幅越大. 用随机孔模型描述了焦炭的溶损反应动力学过程,基础焦炭和添加1%碱渣的焦炭的溶损反应表观活化能分别为132.15和103.81 kJ/mol.     

关于炉料中"焦比"对电炉制磷影响的探讨

根据制磷电炉的构造和运行特点 ,引入了炉料焦比的概念。阐述了磷矿和焦炭的化学组成对炉料焦比的影响 ,从电能转换成热能过程出发 ,探讨了炉料焦比和炉料电阻率 (熔池电阻率 )、操作电阻 (熔池电阻 )的关系 ,以及它对电炉的电气参数、几何尺寸和操作运行的影响 ,并指出炉料焦比不仅是电炉设计时必须考虑的因素 ,而且是生产中控制操作电阻的主要因素。     

Assessing coke strength

Available methods of assessing the characteristics of coke—in particular, its strength—are reviewed. Their relative advantages and disadvantages are considered. A method of direct determination of coke strength is proposed, including a method of assessing the crack resistance in which the porosity and also the shape and size of the sample are taken into account.     

Quality assessment of foundry coke

Possible methods for quality assessment of foundry coke are evaluated with a view to predicting the smelting characteristics and the properties of the cast iron produced. This involves defining what is meant by the quality assessment of foundry coke; a literature review of existing methods of coke assessment; and the identification of possible methods for the quality assessment of foundry coke. Analysis in terms of the macrostructure, the electrical resistance, the structure of the cast iron in a cupola furnace, and the coke consumption indicates that compliance with State Standard GOST 3340-88 does not ensure satisfactory quality of foundry coke. The quality of foundry coke may be assessed in terms of the yield of volatiles, the reactivity, the mean piece size, the macroporosity, and the electrical resistance. The resistance is greatest for samples in the size class 40–60 mm and is least for the size class 60–80 mm. It increases with increase in the moisture, ash, and sulfur content. Quality assessment may be based on the content of <0.1 mm and 0.1–0.2 mm pores in unit length of the coke surface or on the wall thickness of the pores (<0.05 mm, >0.3 mm, and 0.2–0.3 mm), and also on the structural parameters of the cast iron: the shape and size of the graphite inclusions, which depend on the ash content, total sulfur content, and total moisture content in the coke. Voluntary certification may be used for the quality assessment of foundry coke.     

Dielectric Properties and Optimization of Parameters for Microwave Drying of Petroleum Coke Using Response Surface Methodology

The dielectric properties of petroleum coke at five temperatures between 20 to 100 ^° C, covering different moisture content levels at 2.45 GHz, were measured using an open-ended coaxial probe dielectric measurement system. The effects of drying temperature, duration of drying, and sample mass on the moisture content and dehydration rate of petroleum coke was assessed utilizing the response surface methodology. The dielectric constant, loss factor, and loss tangent were all found to increase nearly linearly with increase in moisture content. Three predictive empirical models were developed to relate the dielectric constant, loss factor, and loss tangent of petroleum coke as a linear function of moisture content from 3–10%. An increase in temperature between 20 to 100 ^° C was found to increase the dielectric properties. The penetration depth was observed to increase linearly with decrease in moisture content in the range of 3 to 10%. A predictive empirical model was developed to calculate penetration depth for petroleum coke. Two mathematical models were established and analyzed using RSM to describe the relationship between the microwave drying conditions and the responses, moisture content, and dehydration rate. Statistical analysis with response surface regression showed that microwave drying temperature, duration of drying, and sample mass were significantly related to moisture content and dehydration rate. Based on the RSM analysis, the optimum process conditions were estimated to be a microwave drying temperature of 75 ^° C, drying duration of 10 sec, and sample mass of 60 g, with the resultant moisture content being 0.34 at a dehydration rate of 2.94 g/min.     

灰成分对焦炭热性质影响的研究及应用

分析了焦炭灰分的组成及灰分中矿物质对焦炭热性质的影响方式。介绍了安钢通过在焦炭中添加对焦炭溶损反应起负催化作用的矿物质的实验室实验和工业试验,结果表明,添加该种类型矿物质可以改善焦炭的热反应性和反应后强度。     

干熄炉预存段内料面堆积形状的研究

焦炭在干熄炉预存段内料面形状的分布对焦炭的下降和焦炭与冷却气体间的换热具有重要的影响。考察了3种料钟布料情况,从实验和理论两个方面对不同料线深度条件下焦炭堆积形成的料面形状进行了研究。理论计算结果与实验数据吻合较好,验证了数学模型的正确性和实验的可靠性。     

矿物质催化焦炭溶损反应动力学

研究了 1 1种矿物质对焦炭溶损反应的催化动力学 .结果表明 ,具有正催化作用的氧化物 ,随其量增加 ,起始反应温度提前 ,反应的活化能降低 ;具有负催化作用的氧化物 .随其量增加 ,起始反应温度延迟 ,反应的活化能升高 ;频率因子随活化能同方向变化 ,且所研究的大多数矿物质 ,其催化溶损反应的活化能与频率因子之间存在良好的补偿效应 ;催化作用强的氧化物使反应具有较小的反应级数 ,但反应级数基本不随氧化物量变化而变化