三坐标测量机直线度误差的测量

误差补偿是提高三坐标测量机整体精度的经济而有效的手段,本文利用精度等级更高的激光干涉仪对三坐标测量机的X轴直线度误差进行了测量,并得出了初步结论,为以后进行误差补偿提供了依据。     

三坐标测量机的数据处理和分析

数据处理和分析是三坐标测量机应用的核心工作，而基于统计过程控制的SPC技术，则是测量机应用的高级阶段，SPC技术应用的基础性工作是对大量数据的汇总处理。本文提出了一种利用程序方法对数据进行汇总的数学模型和编程思路，结合工作中的经验，对SPC技术的实际应用进行了一些粗浅的探讨。通过使用这些技术和方法，可以实现数据采集、数据处理和数据分析的全程自动化。     

Haptic modeling for a virtual coordinate measuring machine

Introducing a haptic device into coordinate measuring machine (CMM) inspection path planning leads to the proposal of a novel CMM off-line inspection path planning environment, a haptic virtual coordinate measuring machine (HVCMM), which makes use of the haptic modeling technique for CMM off-line programming. The HVCMM is an accurate model of a real CMM, which simulates a CMM's operation and its measurement process in a virtual environment with haptic perception. In this paper, a simple and effective mechanics model is implemented for the proposed HVCMM. The HVCMM enables CMM off-line programming to take place exactly as if an operator were in front of a real CMM and moving a real CMM probe. Even more, operators can feel the collision between the CMM and a part. Since there is a force feedback when the probe reaches the surface of the part, besides showing the contact in the HVCMM environment, it is much easier to generate a collision-free probe path than using other off-line inspection planning methods. The HVCMM not only facilitates inspection path planning, but also speeds it up because the operator does not need to slow the probe down when it is approaching an object. Combined visual and force feedback is the best indicator for selecting measurement points.     

关节式坐标测量机激光测量头参数标定

在三维视觉测量中,标定方法对测量结果的影响是决定性的.本文通过分析、比较各种视觉模型及标定方法,采用考虑镜头畸变因素的三维视觉模型以满足高精度测量系统的需求.由于关节式坐标测量机的激光测量头,使用单摄像机和线结构光来匹配被测物体表面的三维数据,本文设计了一种新型的阶梯形标定块,通过标定块图像和激光条纹图像完成了摄像机的内外参数标定和激光平面参数标定.实验证明,该标定操作过程简单,易于实现自动化,且具有较高的标定精度.     

关于三坐标测量机自动测量已知形面的研究

文章主要讲述了在三坐标测量机上用DEAPPL程序语言自动测量已知形面，包括含法向矢量和我法向矢量的两种情况， 及在测量过程中可能碰到的问题及解决的方法，它比较全面系统地介绍了测量已知形面的过程。     

基于坐标测量机的铁路轮对参数的测量方案

设计了一种基于三坐标测量机的轮对几何参数自动测量装置,对其主要结构和工作原理作了详细分析,并给出来轮对几何参数的计算式。该测量装置结合了三坐标测量机测量精度高和自动测头智能化程度高的特点,可实现工件的自动、批量化检测,它对于解决目前轮对测量手段落后、测量误差大、劳动强度高等问题具有一定的实际意义。     

多关节坐标测量机的坐标转换和参数标定

对多关节测量机的参数标定方法进行了研究,研究方法主要包括:根据Denavit-Hartenberg方法,在空间坐标转换的基础上建立了六自由度多关节坐标测量机的数学模型,进而讨论杆件间相对位置关系,研究了模型中系统参数及运动参数的标定问题,并设计一种全新的标定球,在此基础上又结合最小二乘法和迭代法的标定方法实现了参数的标定.实验证明运用该标定球能成功地进行系统参数的标定,精度可达到0.05 mm,并通过计算和实验验证了该标定方法的可行性.     

Flexible inspection system based on a vision guided coordinate measuring machine

The objective of this paper is to develop a flexible three-dimensional inspection system for sculptured surfaces by employing 'Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM), CAD database and vision system technology. New surface identification and rough localization methods are suggested using a concept called ‘Z-layers’ and a vision guided system. The Z-layers are generated from a CAD database which classifies the three-dimensional models. The three-dimensional models are reconstructed using a vision system that identifies the model and roughly identifies the orientation and location of the object implementing Z-layers. Then inspection planning and fine localization methods are mapped out which are based on the CAD database. The experimental results indicate that the developed inspection system, with the proposed algorithm, can be implemented in modern industry to reduce measurement errors and increase productivity.     

Automated feature accessibility algorithm for inspection on a coordinate measuring machine

In this paper, the issue of inspection planning for a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is addressed. A method is presented for the automation of the probe selection decision, with the ultimate goal of determining the set of workpiece orientations recommended for use on a CMM equipped with an indexable probe. The methodology uses a computer-aided design (CAD) model of the workpiece and a list of tolerance information as input to a feature accessibility algorithm. For each inspection feature, the algorithm generates a feasible set of probe orientations using information about potential probe/workpiece collisions, and computes an estimate of its percentage accessibility.     

Automated coordinate measuring machine for measuring deviations from roundness and the diameter of bodies of revolution

The automated machine described has been designed to make measurements of the diameter and deviations from roundness (to within±1 μm) of bodies of revolution such as shafts, adjusting rings, and reference gauges used to determine the reamer length for bushings of sliding bearings. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 2, pp. 25–27, February, 1996.     

基于坐标测量机的步距规激光校准系统

该文介绍坐标测量机与激光干涉仪对步距规进行校准的测量原理和测量过程,测量结果与DKD证书进行对比,并分析测量结果的不确定度。     

坐标测量机孔径测量的不确定度评定模型研究

以坐标测量机测量孔径为例,阐述测量过程中影响测量结果的不确定度来源,根据测量模型建立孔径测量的GUM法不确定度评定模型;利用对坐标测量机的测量系统量值特性指标分析的方法 ,给出基于量值特性分析法的各标准不确定度分量的评定模型。通过对汽车空调压缩机后缸体的孔径测量,比较两种方法评定的扩展不确定度。实例分析可以看出:对于坐标测量机复杂的非线性测量模型,GUM法在计算灵敏系数时,运算量较大且获得的是近似结果,因此其可操作性不强;量值特性分析法通过对测量系统整体的分析,基于大量的实验数据对测量结果进行测量不确定度评定,其流程和操作性更为便捷、有效。     

Six-axis coordinate measuring machines

The new measuring-machine generation is considered, where they exceed in throughput and measurement scope the classical portal machines. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 7, pp. 19–20, July, 2008.     

基于并行计算的三自由度并联机床动力学解析模型

基于运动学分析、凯恩动力学方程和数字-符号方法,建立了三自由度并联机床的动力学解析模型.将广义坐标、构件的质量和转动惯量处理为符号量.将动力学模型矩阵的推导问题转化为特定条件下运用运动学和动力学计算公式求解驱动力的问题,由计算机自动生成动力学模型矩阵中的各元素的实时代码.文中引入了一种新的标量矩阵与矢量矩阵的乘法运算,研究了广义坐标和构件的质量对驱动力的影响规律.构造了动力学解析模型的并行算法,节省了计算时间.给出了动力学模型矩阵元素的实时代码生成和驱动力矩与参数关系的具体数值实例.     

基于半闭环控制的三坐标测量机的平面测量研究

介绍了一种基于半闭环控制的三坐标测量机的测量原理。主要研究了测量运动控制系统和数据处理系统在平面测量时的相关问题。     

A knowledge acquisition model for selecting coordinate measuring machines using inductive learning

The objective of this study is to use the knowledge acquisition model of inductive learning to establish a selection system for coordinate measuring machines. In this paper, an example knowledge base for the selection of a coordinate measuring machine was induced and analyzed from the diffusive information in the example. The goal is to reduce the amount of knowledge related to the event so as to represent the knowledge in the knowledge base with the fewest number of rules possible. Then the concise decision tree is established by means of the knowledge acquisition model to describe the entire selection problem of coordinate measuring machines.     

Level-testing attachment to coordinate measuring instruments

The design of a level-testing attachment to a DIP-1 coordinate measuring instrument is described and brief information given on its technical characteristics. A method is given for calculating the principal dimensions of the level-tester dimensions coupling the base lever with the DIP-1 linear displacement converter.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 8, pp. 20–22, August, 1994.