苏联科普作品对中国科普发展影响研究

苏联在科学技术事业取得辉煌成就的同时,也在大力普及科学知识,出现了一批优秀的科普作家。与此同时,苏联优秀的科普作品不断被引介到中国,对中国科普事业的发展产生了深远的影响。本文通过梳理苏联科普作品对中国科普事业发展影响的三个主要阶段:苏联科普作品的初步译介时期、苏联科普作品在中国翻译出版的繁荣时期和重温经典时期,论述苏联科普作品对中国科普事业发展的重要作用,剖析苏联科普作品在中国读者中长盛不衰的原因,并对现阶段中国的科普创作提出建议。     

Seeking nuclear safeguards. II. Working to halt proliferation

For pt.I see ibid., vol.29, no.4, p.20-4, 63-5 (1992). The problems involved in the attempt to detect and/or prevent nuclear weapons development are discussed in the wake of the Iraqi experience. The potential impact on nuclear proliferation of the breakup of the Soviet Union, due to exports from the uranium mines and mills in Central Asia and the migration of Soviet scientists, is examined. Obstacles to monitoring US and Soviet weapons are identified     

Rockets R us [Russia launch industry]

In the four decades since Sputa, one rocket after another has punched through the skies above Baikonur Cosmodrome. But in the years following the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1991, it looked as though Baikonur and the rest of the former Soviet space industry might pass into history, too. Nevertheless, the industry has survived; nearly every launch vehicle inherited from the Soviet Union by Russia and Ukraine is still in operation. By teaming up with marketing partners and investors abroad, Russian and Ukrainian rocket-building enterprises have even introduced new versions of their space boosters, mostly aimed at the commercial market, and have further upgrades in the pipeline. The ex-Soviet fleet ranges from the mammoth Proton heavy-lift vehicle to the versatile Zenit, which can be launched from a converted oil rig out at sea. This range and variety makes the former Soviet Union a strong competitor to the US and European launch industries     

Initial stages of the development of semiconductor electronics in the Soviet union (60 years from the Invention of the Transistor)

The most important results of the early work of Soviet scientists in the research and development in the fields of semiconductors and semiconductor devices are reported, including results that are almost unknown now but played an important role in the development of semiconductor electronics in the Soviet Union.     

Trouble in the Backyard: Soviet Media Reporting on the Afghanistan Conflict

A qualitative analysis of Soviet media coverage of Afghanistan from 1979 to 1986 shows that several familiar themes, from unpopular guerrillas to national security, are used to justify the Soviet presence in Afghanistan—and a comparison of U.S. coverage of El Salvador, from secondary sources, throws up some intriguing parallels.     

苏联的光纤通信及其发展

本文从信息量日益增长的需要出发,说明了发展光纤通信的迫切性,重点叙述了苏联光纤通信技术的现状,分析了苏联光纤通信技术与其它发达国家的差距,最后指出了苏联光纤通信的发展方向。     

Secrets of the Soviet nuclear complex

Hundreds of thousands of engineers, scientists, and workers found employment in the nuclear complexes of the former Soviet Union. Now, in the aftermath of the USSR's demise, details of its nuclear-industrial complex are coming to light. The huge industry which descended from the notorious gulags must now dispose of myriad warheads, fissile materials by the tonne, plus reactors. The author describes this secretive Soviet industry     

苏联解体前激光技术研究与应用概况

本文综述了苏联解体前激光技术的研究与应用概况。前苏联的激光技术是比较先进的,开发了许多新材料和各种新型激光器;近年来也很重视将已取得的科研成果应用到工业、农业、通讯、科学研究和国防等方面,推动了基础研究和经济的发展。     

Antitumor and toxic effects of amotin

An indole alkaloid isolated from Catharanthus roseus in the Soviet Union and named amotin differs in terpenoid moiety structure of the indole part of the molecule from the foreign preparation vinblastine and its Soviet analog rosevine. In experimental study amotin has exhibited a high antileukemic activity which was more expressed than that of vinblastine. Tolerant doses of amotin cause moderate reversible morphological alterations in hematopoietic organs, gastrointestinal mucosa, liver, kidney, adrenals, testes, ovaries.     

Copying NASA's Mistakes (a review of Energiya-Buran: The Soviet Space Shuttle by B. Hendricks and B. Vis; 2007) [Books]

This book, written by a pair of amateur European space historians, provides the first full account of the Soviet space shuttle program. The authors present a balanced, technologically insightful, and well-illustrated narrative, providing details never before made available about the spaceship's power, guidance, and communications systems. In the end, it seems the program's engineering was probably the best in the history of the Soviet space program, but because the political and social underpinnings were rotten, the engineering work was tragically wasted.     

俄罗斯神秘主义流行现状及与前苏联的比较研究

神秘主义,从灵学史的角度来考察,是一个世界现象。所以考察俄罗斯神秘主义的流行,就必须放在一个大环境下来思考。俄罗斯神秘主义流行与前苏联的演变有密不可分的关系,与美苏的争霸及世界格局的变迁也息息相关。本文对前苏联和俄罗斯神秘主义流行状况进行了展示和比较。     

The troubling state of nuclear controls

A decade after the cold war officially ended-with the reunification of Germany, the liberation of Eastern European nations from Soviet hegemony, and the collapse of the Soviet State itself-events have taken an alarming turn for the worse. The United States and Russia have refused to ratify nuclear arms control treaties they signed, both are back-pedaling on the implementation of less formal arms agreements, and they are bickering over a broad range of issues on which their differences are widening rather than narrowing. The authors discuss these issues and what can be done to overcome the problems and eliminate the nuclear menace     

来自微波武器的威胁——明天的战场:千兆瓦级的冲击波?

为了详估导弹和飞机对高功率波束武器的易损性,美国和苏联都正在研制微波发生器。     

独联体国家的液晶显示行业

本文简要介绍了俄罗斯、白俄斯和乌克兰等独联体国家LCD、LCD材料和设备的发展情况,并对其技术水平进行了一般性评价.     

连续波HF/DF化学激光器的发展

本文介绍美国根据海军"海石"计划和远景计划局三合一计划中的α计划发展的高能连续波HF/DF化学激光器,并简单介绍苏联化学激光的发展情况。     

News Media Use and Adolescents' Information about Nuclear Issues: A Soviet-American Comparison

In general, Soviet students watch more television, read more newspapers, and know more about nuclear issues than American students, who say they learn from TV but actually seem to learn as much from newspapers.     

Immunoperoxidase method of determining the surface membrane antigens of normal and leukemic cells using Soviet-produced monoclonal antibodies

Surface antigens were determined on 18 donors and patients with lymphoproliferative diseases using PAP-method of immunoperoxidase staining with Soviet reagents. This method is shown to be very informative and applicable for diagnosis of leukemia, lymphoma and cancer metastasis.     

Some problems in the asymptotic theory of diffraction

The paper is a review of asymptotic methods in the theory of diffraction and emphasizes Soviet contributions. Without going into mathematical details it presents a survey of a number of applications of ray techniques and their generalizations to problems of diffraction.     

Non-commercial computer networking in Russia

This paper discusses the needs of the Russian academic and research community in non-commercial networking, as well as the technical base for it. It also describes developments in SUEARN (Soviet Union/European Academic and Research Network) and FREEnet (Network For Research, Education and Engineering)     

A polynomial time algorithm for subpattern matching

An O(N³K) time algorithm for searching matches of a template of size K in an image of size N is given. It uses bounding regions and the Soviet Ellipsoid Algorithm [1]. It will work under moderately heavy shift noise.