醇基燃料燃烧器优化设计概述

介绍了醇基燃料的特性及市场上醇基燃料燃烧器所面临的问题,重点分析了影响醇基燃料雾化质量因素,以及旋流结构、多级送风及烟气回流等设计对燃烧器燃烧性能的影响。认为良好的雾化质量可使得醇基燃料充分燃烧,减少污染物的排放,喷射压力、环境压力、结构、配风及荷电等参数对醇基燃料雾化质量影响较大。在优化设计醇基燃料燃烧器时应重点研究其旋流结构,醇基燃料的预热及回流区的形成,对提高醇基燃料燃烧器性能尤为重要。     

醇基燃料技术及其市场研究

１前言寻找和开发新的民用燃料是世界性的课题,由于液化石油气、天然气、人工煤气的短缺,使得我国在人口众多、人均资源拥有量少的情况下,供求矛盾更显得紧张。我国农村又是能耗大户,改革开放以来农村经济建设突飞猛进,人民生活水平有了很大的提高,农村能源消费水平...     

醇基燃料技术及其市场研究

醇基燃料技术是目前为农村提供优质燃料而开发的一种新型液体燃料技术。本文研究了醇基燃料技术的发展现状及市场前景并对加快其未来发展提出了相应的对策。     

醇基燃料热值的研究探讨

在化石燃料资源日益枯竭的背景下,醇基燃料作为新型清洁能源和碳循环的载体,不仅解决了能源的高效贮存和分配问题,同时其多样的合成途径和对二氧化碳等废弃物的重新合成循环利用对缓解全球变暖具有重大意义。醇基燃料的热值高低是决定醇基燃料能否大规模应用的首要因素,针对醇基燃料国家标准结合实验过程中醇基燃料成分计算热值分析进行探讨,为今后国标的修订提供参考依据。     

醇基燃料燃烧器结构对火焰结构的影响研究

运用不同结构的旋流燃烧器对醇基燃料进行燃烧实验研究。实验测量燃烧的火焰温度,从而得到不同型号燃烧器相对应的温度场,并对比分析相对应的温度场的变化规律。实验表明:不同型号的燃烧器火焰中心温度随着高度增加温度降低;受燃烧器结构的影响,不同燃烧器燃烧温度场的均匀性不同,与燃烧器内腔深度、配风方式相关,内腔过深会降低燃烧温度场的均匀性,风孔分布不均匀会降低燃烧温度场的均匀性。     

醇基燃料及灶具国家标准和行业标准有关技术条件的探讨

结合实践中存在的问题,分析探讨了醇基燃料及灶具的国家标准及行业标准中有关技术条件的可行性,为今后标准的修订提出了可操作性的建议。     

石油燃料的竞争者——醇燃料

醇燃料已成为与石油燃料竞争的可再生液体燃料的先驱。本文以巴西在醇燃料方面成功的实例和我国在这一领域中的研究与应用现状，来阐明它在可再生持续能源发展中的潜力。     

氧—燃料烧嘴—节能与环保效益好的燃烧器

用氧气取代空气进行燃烧，可显著地降低燃耗，减少废气排放和ＮＯｘ形成，具有的节能和环保效益，并对氧－燃料技术的特点，节能和环保效果以及目前的应用进行了介绍。     

FBM车用醇基燃料的发动机性能试验研究

针对汽油短缺和燃用汽油产生大量污染等问题，研究了以工业甲醇、C5 、C1～C5，助溶剂和腐蚀抑制剂组成的FBM(fuel based on methanol)车用醇基燃料。对90^# FBM车用醇基燃料进行了发动机台架性能试验：起动性能试验，怠速排放性能测试，速度特性试验和负荷特性试验。试验结果显示：与燃用90^#汽油相比，发动机平均起动时间提前0．31S，表明了醇基燃料的冷机起动性能优于90^#汽油；排污低于90^#汽油；在100％油门开度下，转速在1000r／min至2800r／min之间，其最大功率比90^#汽油下降2．479，6，最大扭矩下降2．34％，最低燃料消耗率上升5．79％；1800r／min负荷特性试验结果，平均燃料消耗率比90^#汽油上升5．57％。     

汽车节油途径及节能技术的探讨

通过节约油料可以降低运输成本、提高经济效益。汽车节能与环保技术成为汽车技术领域的热点问题。从整车轻量化、提高燃油发动机性能、采用替代燃料和采用新能源发动机等方面论述了目前主要的汽车节能技术。     

不同燃油节能添加剂台架试验节能效率的差别分析

本文使用市场销售量较大的三种不同类型的燃油节能添加剂分别做了台架试验,通过燃油节能效率的对比,发现燃油节能添加剂在台架试验中所表现出来的节能效率低负荷下也不超过5%,但是各种添加剂之间的相对值差别很大,不同添加剂之间节油率相差2~7倍,探讨了不同类型的燃油节能添加剂在台架试验中节能效率差别的原因。     

内燃机车新型预热燃油箱的研制与应用

介绍了新型预热燃油箱的研制和应用试验情况。指出将柴油机高温冷却水通过散热管引入燃油箱对燃油进行预热,可使机车在0℃以下的外温条件下使用0号柴油,实现"燃油低烧一号"工程,达到节资降耗的目的。     

Arrangement plan for distributed fuel cells installed in urban areas

The independent fuel cell micro‐grid that accommodates power and heat independently without connecting with other power systems is expected to back up power supply in an emergency, and at peak cuts of a power plant, and the effective use of exhaust heat is anticipated. Therefore, this paper analyses the cost minimization problem of the arrangement planning of a fuel cell system, and the feeding order of exhaust heat. An analysis programme for operation plan at the time of connecting a distributed fuel cell with an energy network was developed using a genetic algorithm. The fuel cell energy network was optimized in six buildings to minimize operation costs, facility costs, and the installation costs of the facilities. As a result, the analysis method for the arrangement plan for the capacity of each installed fuel cell, boiler, heat storage tank, and hot‐water circulating pump was clarified. If the hot‐water network of the distributed fuel cell is installed, in the winter of a cold district, facility cost is disadvantageous compared with the conventional method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新型节油剂在燃油锅炉中的应用

介绍了一种新型节能环保型燃油节油剂的工作原理，对其高效率、低污染的辅助、燃烧持性进行了试验分析。     

我国节能清洁燃料水煤浆推广应用前景分析

水煤浆在清洁燃料中具有明显的社会经济和环境效益 ,符合我国富煤、缺油、少气的国情和实现“以煤代油”的能源战略 ,有利于城市可持续发展 ,在我国推广应用的前景广阔。根据水煤浆优点和推广应用原则 ,说明应注意的问题 ,并提出推广应用的有关建议     

Waste heat recovery from household biomass gasifier stoves (HBGSs) for thermoelectric generators: Effect of the primary air valve angle

Household biomass gasifier stoves (HBGSs) are used in remote areas using natural firewood that is burned in the HBGS for general purposes, such as cooking and warming in winter. The heat dissipation from the walls is assumed to be heat loss. This paper evaluates the electrical performance of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) using heat recovered from the hot walls of an HBGS, considering the effect of three primary air valve angles of 0°, 9°, and 18°. The heat recovered from the HBGS that is electrically transferred through a TEG is assessed. The results showed that the wall heat loss increases with the primary air valve angle of the HBGS. The upper zone near the HBGS gas combustion zone exhibits higher wall temperatures than the middle and lower zones, with a maximum wall temperature of 140°C resulting in an output voltage of 2.55 V. However, the middle and lower zones are also considered as their capacities are consistent with the TEG temperature range. The heat loss from the HBGS is considerably larger than that from other heat sources, and the specific heating area of the heat source is a variable that should be considered to increase the number of TEGs to achieve the desired output values for practical applications. Furthermore, this research serves as a guideline for applying TEGs to recover waste heat from various applications.     

家用生物质颗粒燃料炉的研制

为解决农村秸秆焚烧污染问题，研究以生物质颗粒为燃料的家用生物质颗粒燃料炉供农家炊事使用。在充分研究、分析生物质颗粒燃料燃烧动力学特性的基础上，根据生物质颗粒燃料挥发分含量高、燃点低的特点，在生物质颗粒燃料炉的设计中采用了气化、燃烧一体化结构。测试结果表明，生物质颗粒燃料在生物质颗粒燃料炉内能气化燃烧，残碳也能够完全燃尽。该炉的主要技术指标均符合国家标准，燃烧稳定、高效、清洁，提高了秸秆的能源利用率。     

甲醇在柴油机上应用的技术进展

在我国石油供应缺口较大的情况下,需求结构也不尽合理,柴油消耗量大,柴汽比过高。因此,发展石油替代燃料应以替代柴油为重点目标。天津大学提出了一种甲醇/柴油组合燃烧方式,在柴油机上的试验结果表明,可以实现不到1.5kg甲醇替换1.0kg柴油,甲醇对柴油的替代率平均达到20%以上,同时可以减少微粒和NOx排放,将原发动机的排放品质提高1个等级。以甲醇替代柴油,在能源多元化、节能减排、燃料能源结构调整等方面是有利的,同时还可以提高发动机高原动力,发挥我国现有甲醇产能。我国对甲醇作为燃料在认识上存在较大误区,但长期的实践和研究结果表明,与汽油、柴油相比,甲醇的毒性与之相当;其排放物是清洁的;甲醇对生态环境更友好;使用更安全;甲醇对材料的腐蚀性完全可以得到根本解决;甲醇在燃烧时排出的温室气体少于汽油、柴油,与柴油或汽油一起燃烧更有利于减少温室气体排放。建议国家对甲醇在压燃式发动机上应用给予一定支持,开展相关的基础研究。     

Evaluation of the performance of improved biomass cooking stoves with different solid biomass fuel types

We have studied the performance of different types of improved solid biomass cookstoves (Two natural draft and one forced draft) in comparison to the traditional cookstove (control) while preparing a particular meal with a variety of solid biomass fuels (e.g. fuel wood, dung cake and crop residue). Five replicates of each type of cookstove and fuel were maintained. The study was conducted in an Indian rural kitchen. There was no significant difference in the indoor concentrations of PM_2.5 and CO when natural draft and traditional cookstoves were used with any type of solid fuel. However, significantly lower concentrations of PM_2.5 and CO were recorded with forced draft stoves compared to others. While cooking with different types of solid biomass fuels, the concentrations of PM_2.5 and CO in the indoor environment were decreased by 21–57% and 30–74% respectively with the forced draft cookstove in comparison to the traditional cookstove. The fuel consumption, cooking duration and thermal efficiency of a particular stove to prepare a particular amount of food also differ depending on the type of the solid fuel used for the cooking purpose. The thermal efficiency of traditional, natural draft and FD cookstoves were in the range of 15–17%, 16–27% and 30–35% respectively for different types of solid biomass fuels. However, further studies on the performance of stoves are required based on the size and type of fuel wood or crop residues.