828环氧树脂体系电子束固化反应机理的研究

对电子束（EB）辐射828环氧树脂的固化反应机理进行了研究，考察了不同引发剂，稀释剂对树脂体系辐射反应的影响。实验发现，阳离子型光引发剂可以引发环氧树脂的电子束辐射固化反应，传统的热固化体系并不适用于电子束固化，稀释剂的使用会降低反应体系的固化度，其中活性稀释剂的影响较小，供电子型溶剂会对环氧树脂的辐射固化反应起阻聚作用。以环氧丙烷作为单官能团环氧花合物，采用红外光谱，自由基捕捉技术与气相色谱－质谱相结合的方法，研究了电子束辐射环氧丙烷－碘Weng盐体系的辐射反应机理，推导出由碘Weng盐在电子束辐照下分解，随后产生质子酸，引发环氧丙烷阳离子开环聚合的反应过程。     

碳纤维/TiO2改性树脂复合材料的制备及力学性能

针对环氧树脂脆性大、与碳纤维形成的界面性能较差等问题,本文选用纳米TiO₂对5284环氧树脂进行改性,并以角联锁机织物为增强体制备了碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料。使用FT-IR、旋转流变仪、表面张力仪等设备对TiO₂/环氧树脂进行表征,并研究了树脂改性对复合材料压缩与层间剪切性能的影响。研究表明：TiO₂的羟基与环氧树脂的环氧基和羟基发生了反应;经1wt.%TiO₂改性的树脂复数黏度为0.066 Pa·s,纤维与树脂间接触角为28.85°,浸润效果较好;相较于未改性复合材料,树脂改性的复合材料纵向压缩强度与模量分别提高了7.46%和11.03%,横向压缩强度与模量分别提高了6.99%和4.96%,纵向、横向的剪切强度分别提高了6.88%和4.65%。TiO₂改性环氧树脂提高了复合材料的承载能力,改善了界面结合强度。     

石墨烯微片表面接枝PMMA及其环氧树脂复合材料性能

利用石墨烯微片（GNPs）表面羟基与硅烷偶联剂反应,并通过原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）方法在GNPs表面接枝了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）。应用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、红外光谱和X射线衍射方法分析了化学接枝前后GNPs的微观结构变化。将接枝PMMA的GNPs加入环氧树脂中,研究其对环氧树脂力学性能与尺寸稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,与原始GNPs相比,表面接枝PMMA的GNPs对环氧树脂力学性能的增强作用更明显。添加质量分数为0.5%的GNPs-PMMA可以使环氧树脂拉伸强度和模量分别提高17.4%和75%,弯曲强度和模量也分别增加了6%和12%,同时可以使环氧树脂在低于玻璃化转变温度的线性热膨胀系数（CTE）降低25%。     

用FT-IR研究双氰胺固化环氧树脂的反应机理

利用FT-IR动态跟踪双氰胺(D ICY)固化环氧树脂的反应,探讨其反应机理。结果表明,环氧树脂E-51与D ICY反应时,D ICY并不是分解成单氰胺,而首先是D ICY中伯胺上的氢原子与环氧基发生开环反应,然后是腈基与羟基反应生成酰胺,并进一步与环氧基进行开环反应。     

云母粉表面改性提高云母纸拉伸强度的研究

利用硅烷偶联剂"分子桥"作用对云母粉进行表面处理,通过自乳化改性的环氧树脂和聚丙烯酰胺,使云母粉表面桥联的环氧基团发生交联反应,显著提高云母纸拉伸强度。结果表明:当硅烷偶联剂、改性环氧树脂、聚丙烯酸胺的质量分数分别为0.5%、1.0%、0.5%时,云母纸拉伸强度由72.17 N/m提高到151.3 N/m。硅烷偶联剂水解产生的硅羟基与云母表面的羟基发生化学键的结合,另一端的氨基与改性环氧树脂中的环氧基团反应,增强了改性环氧树脂对云母表面的结合力。     

Effect of heat treatment on properties of steam cured fly ash-lime compacts

Four different varieties of class F fly ashes, collected from different sources from the state of West Bengal (India) were mixed with lime in 9 : 1 wt ratio, followed by compaction of the mixes. The compacts were subjected to steam curing to develop an optimum strength by the reaction between fly ash and lime. The steam cured compacts were heated at different elevated temperatures and free lime content, compressive strength, bulk density and water absorption tendency of these compacts were measured and FTIR spectral changes were studied as a function of the heating temperatures. Kinetics of thermal dehydration of the compacts was also studied from thermogravimetric measurements under non-isothermal condition to ascertain the order of dehydration process and the associated activation energy.     

Two-step curing reaction of epoxy resin studied by thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy

A curing reaction of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin with 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexyl methane hardener was investigated by means of modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. MDSC observation revealed that the curing process of the resin occurred in two steps. Mid-infrared and near-infrared spectra of the resin were measured as a function of temperature. The obtained spectra were analyzed by perturbation-correlation moving-window two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (PCMW2D-COS). The first step was revealed as a polymerization reaction among the oxirane group and primary and secondary amine groups, followed by etherification; the second step of the curing process occurred in the vicinity of the gelation point and was characterized by the growth of a three-dimensional cross-linking structure with tertiary amine and etherification of the hydroxyl group.     

苯并口恶嗪-环氧化合物-胺类催化剂体系开环聚合反应的研究

采用TLC，GPC，1H－NMR及IR等分析方法，对苯并恶嗪－环氧化合物－胺类催化剂体系的聚合反应进行了研究，表征了产物结构，并探讨了聚合反应机理，结果表明，苯并恶唪－环氧化合物体系在胺类催化剂如苄胺，咪唑的作用下，能发生开环聚合反应，生成低分子量的聚合物。     

Surface characterization of sol-gel derived indium tin oxide films on glass

Indium tin oxide (ITO) films containing different In : Sn atomic ratios, viz. 90 :10, 70 :30, 50 : 50, 30 :70, were deposited on two types of glass substrates by sol-gel spinning technique. XPS analysis of the films was done under as-received and after-sputtering conditions. The narrow spectra obtained for the Na1s, In3d, Sn3d and O1s have been discussed. Oxygen was found to exist in three chemical environments in as-received samples due to the existence of (i) environmental hydroxyl (-OH) group, (ii) crystalline ITO and (iii) amorphous ITO; but it was in two chemical environments, (ii) and (iii), after surface cleaning by sputtering. The presence of both tin metal and tin oxides was confirmed by the peak analysis of Sn3d. The In : Sn atomic ratio taken in the precursor sols did not change considerably in the case of developed films of low Sn content, but considerable change was observed in the films having high Sn content.     

自乳化水性环氧树脂的合成

用2,2-二羟甲基丙酸和甲苯二异氰酸酯与双酚A型环氧树脂主链上的仲羟基反应,在环氧树脂主链上引入-COOH基团,制得水性环氧树脂。通过红外光谱分析了产物的结构;讨论了反应溶剂、温度、时间、反应物配比等因素对反应结果的影响。并通过正交试验确定了合成自乳化水性环氧树脂的最优条件。试验结果表明,以丙酮为溶剂,反应温度50℃左右,反应时间4.5h,m(2,2-二羟甲基丙酸)∶m(甲苯二异氰酸酯)∶m(E-44)∶m(二月桂酸二丁基锡)=12∶17∶100∶0.2,制得的水性环氧树脂具有良好的水分散性和优异的固化性能。     

Sintering of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene

Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a high performance polymer having low coefficient of friction, good abrasion resistance, good chemical resistance etc. It is used in shipbuilding, textile industries and also in biomedical applications. UHMWPE is processed by powder processing technique because of its high melt viscosity at the processing temperature. Powder processing technique involves compaction of polymeric powder under pressure and sintering of the preforms at temperature above its melting point. In this study, we report our results on compaction and sintering behaviour of two grades of UHMWPE with reference to the powder morphology, sintering temperatures and strength development.     

A new combustion route to γ-Fe2O3 synthesis

A new combustion route for the synthesis of γ-Fe ₂ O ₃ is reported by employing purified a-Fe ₂ O ₃ as a precursor in the present investigation. This synthesis which is similar to a self propagation combustion reaction, involves fewer steps, a shorter overall processing time, is a low energy reaction without the need of any explosives, and also the reaction is completed in a single step yielding magnetic iron oxide i.e. γ-Fe ₂ O ₃ .The as synthesized γ-Fe ₂ O ₃ is characterized employing thermal, XRD, SEM, magnetic hysteresis, and density measurements. The effect of ball-milling on magnetic properties is also presented.     

External stimuli response on a novel chitosan hydrogel crosslinked with formaldehyde

Keeping in mind the significance of hydrogels as an external stimuli sensitive super absorbing material, some transparent covalent hydrogels of chitosan were prepared by crosslinking with varying amounts of formaldehyde solution used as crosslinking agent. The characteristics of hydrogels were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and swelling experiments. The effect of crosslinking agent on water absorbency has been investigated. The hydrogels exhibited a relatively higher swelling ratio in the range of 2066–3306% and equilibrium water content (EWC) in the range of 95-38–97 06% at pH 7 and 35°C temperature. The influence of external stimuli such as pH, temperature, and ionic strength of the swelling media on equilibrium swelling properties has been observed. Hydrogels showed a typical pH and temperature responsive behaviour such as low pH and high temperature has maximum swelling while high pH and low temperature show minimum swelling. An increase in the ionic strength of swelling media caused a continuous decrease in the swelling of hydrogels at both acidic and basic pH.     

基于低表面能树脂的海洋防污涂料的研究进展

从基团转移聚合、阳离子聚合、阴离子聚合、活性官能团之间的反应和自由基聚合5个方面简单综述了低表面能树脂的聚合机理;详细介绍了以有机硅树脂、氟碳树脂、氟硅树脂以及不含氟硅元素树脂为基体的防污涂料;分析讨论了低表面能海洋防污涂料的控制因素;并展望了低表面能防污技术的发展方向。     

液晶环氧树脂增韧改性E-51树脂体系性能研究

目的研究液晶环氧树脂含量对E-51树脂体系固化性能和力学性能的影响。方法采用动态DSC法,研究了液晶环氧树脂对固化反应性的影响;采用力学性能测试和扫描电镜的方法,研究了液晶环氧树脂对固化物力学性能的影响,及其增韧机理。结果液晶环氧树脂含量越高,树脂体系固化反应越快。液晶环氧树脂的加入使冲击强度、弯曲强度和拉伸强度均得到提高。结论液晶环氧树脂质量分数为7%的配方,冲击强度和弯曲强度最高;质量分数为10%的配方拉伸强度最高。     

新型高性能糠酮化学浆材

采用质子酸、Lewis酸均相催化法研制出环氧改性糠醛丙酮化学灌浆材料 ,研究了糠醛丙酮酸均相催化反应的反应机理、环氧改性糠醛丙酮浆材固结体的力学性能。实验结果表明 ,胺固化的环氧改性糠酮化学浆材具有良好的应力 -应变关系 ,2 8d压缩强度可达 86 .2 MPa,压缩弹性模量为 9.2 3× 10 2MPa,浆材的渗透性能与其粘度密切相关。酸直接均相催化固化的浆材粘度低、渗透性好 ,2 8d压缩强度达 86 .8MPa,大大降低了成本     

Interpenetrating polymer networks of polyurethane and epoxy

Interpenetrating polymer networks of polyurethane, based on poly(oxypropylene)triol grafted with polyacrylonitrile and epoxy, were prepared by a simultaneous polymerization technique. The mechanical properties and morphology of the networks were investigated. As the epoxy content increased, the tensile strength of the interpenetrating polymer networks or the graft networks (in which some grafting reaction has taken place between polyurethane and the pendant hydroxyl group of epoxy) decreased. The shifts of the loss modulus peaks of the interpenetrating polymer networks and the graft-IPNs were different and their tan peaks shifted to a high temperature as the epoxy content increased.     

Development of calcium phosphate based apatite from hen’s eggshell

Stoichiometric hydroxyapatite with Ca/P molar ratio, 1.67, was synthesized using hen’s eggshell as calcium source and phosphoric acid by precipitation method. Conventional EDTA titration and gravimetric methods were adopted to estimate the amount of calcium and phosphorous, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed to investigate the formation of the HAP phase. Thermal analysis (TG-DTA) was carried out to investigate the thermal stability of HAP powder. FT-IR spectra show the characteristic peaks for phosphate and hydroxyl groups. XRD results reveal that the major characteristic peaks of HAP appear in the region of approximately 26°, 28°, 29°, 30–35°, 39°, 46°, 49° and 50° (2θ) and also indicate that there are no occurrences of secondary phases during HAP formation. TG-DTA result depicts that the synthesized HAP was stable up to 1300°C.     

不同结构聚合物核壳粒子对环氧树脂的增韧改性

传统环氧树脂的增韧改性方法往往达不到理想的效果。核壳粒子与环氧树脂混合,能减小内应力,获得显著的增韧效果,且不改变热变形温度。文中采用微皂核壳乳液的聚合方法合成了不同的核壳粒子,并对这些核壳粒子增韧环氧树脂体系的力学性能进行试验研究、理论分析和数值计算。用力学强度、动态力学分析等表征手段对核壳粒子的结构和改性环氧树脂体系的增韧机理进行了探讨。结果发现,改善核、壳之间或者核壳粒子壳层同环氧树脂之间的相容性和界面粘合力,核层能更好地将能量充分耗散,改性体系的冲击强度得以进一步提高。     

Development of calcium phosphate based bioceramics

Two bioceramics (Ca-P-O glass and A-W glass ceramic) were produced using conventional methods of ceramic technology. X-ray powder diffraction patterns were used for identifying the phases and 3-point bend test was carried out for the determination of fracture strength of the bioceramics. Biocompatibility of both ceramics was evaluated using animal model experiments. Histological studies showed that A-W glass ceramic implanted in the tibia of rat formed an intimate contact with newly grown bone and provided enough strength to the bone to bear the animal weight. Implants made of Ca-P-O glass was almost fully resorbed and was replaced by new bone. The implants made of both the bioceramics were biocompatible and did not exhibit any kind of adverse effect to the surrounding tissues.