关于后世博时期上海公交基础设施运营管理模式的探讨

本文简述了城市公交基础设施的范围和特点,上海城市公交基础设施的管理体制机制、资产现状,详细分析了上海公交基础设施现行的两种管理模式、各自特点及存在的问题,并对后世博时期公交基础设施管理模式创新-＂站运分离＂前提下的专业化管理模式进行了探讨。     

Cross-border transport infrastructure and aid policies

We investigate resource allocation concerning the provision of cross- border transport infrastructure, which is used for trade of goods between two neighboring countries. Since the level of infrastructure is sub-optimal under the circumstances that two governments choose the levels of infrastructure independently, we focus on the role of foreign aid to improve the efficiency of infrastructure provision. In this paper, we examine the welfare effects of aid policies, and show that aid can make both countries better off, i.e., Pareto improvement. Furthermore, Pareto improvement is more likely if the stage of development in recipient country is very low or sufficiently high.     

Contextualizing transport infrastructure and services in Ghanaian peri-urbanism

This study interrogates the demand and supply of transport infrastructure and services in peri-urban areas of Sunyani Municipality in Ghana. Structured one-on-one interviews were conducted with 100 households across three peri-urban communities in Sunyani (Abesim-Kyidom, Asuakwaa and Adomako). Findings revealed that a majority of peri-urban households (84%) in the study communities who commute daily to and from the city centre are faced with poor transport infrastructure (e.g. poor conditions of road) and unreliable services (e.g. unregulated public transport). Inadequate investment in transport infrastructure and services by the Ghanaian government, the limited activity locations in peri-urban areas, and the concentration of activity locations at the city centre were identified to be contributing to the poor state of transport infrastructure and services in the case study communities. Policy recommendations to improve the situation are further proffered.     

Productivity effects and determinants of public infrastructure investment

This study aims to investigate three important issues whether or not public infrastructure contributes to production in the private sector, whether or not political economy factors such as political situation affect the allocation of public infrastructure investment, and what the government’s investment behavior is. We estimate simultaneous equations by using a panel data set of 46 prefectures in Japan for five-time periods from 1975 to 1990. We conclude the following: (1) public capital contributes to productivity, (2) the investment behavior of both governments is efficiency-oriented for private productivity and for the capital stock level, (3) a substitute of public capital investment between the national and prefectural governments can be found, (4) there is a clear political factor in the national government’s public investment function, and (5) the availability of national government grants for the construction of infrastructure boosts investment among prefectural governments.     

Developer behavior in local infrastructure provision in Indonesia: Implications for policy

Residential areas in Indonesia face many challenges related to the adequacy and quality of infrastructure due to the limited scope of policies that regulate infrastructure provision by housing project developers. The analysis explores the role of developers in local-scale infrastructure provision. We adapt multi-criteria decision analysis to survey data for Indonesia. The analysis finds that the private developer's attitude is the top-ranking factor influencing their behavior in providing local infrastructure that is up to standard. This study proposes the elements that must be regulated and detailed in local government policy and regulation by considering the behavior of developers.     

Integrated design of transport infrastructure and public spaces considering human behavior: A review of state-of-the-art methods and tools

In order to achieve holistic urban plans incorporating transport infrastructure, public space and the behavior of people in these spaces, integration of urban design and computer modeling is a promising way to provide both qualitative and quantitative support to decisionmakers. This paper describes a systematic literature review following a four-part framework. Firstly, to understand the relationship of elements of transport, spaces, and humans, we review policy and urban design strategies for promoting positive interactions. Secondly, we present an overview of the integration methods and strategies used in urban design and policy discourses. Afterward, metrics and approaches for evaluating the effectiveness of integrated plan alternatives are reviewed. Finally, this paper gives a review of state-of-the-art tools with a focus on seven computer simulation paradigms. This article explores mechanisms underlying the complex system of transport, spaces, and humans from a multidisciplinary perspective to provide an integrated toolkit for designers, planners, modelers and decision-makers with the current methods and their challenges.     

Privatization and restructuring public involvement in housing provision in Britain

Recommended reading for providers and designers of housing. The process of privatization has involved an increase in central control and in contrast to trends in other countries a considerable centralization of policy has occurred in the UK in recent years [20].     

Private sector involvement in financing and operating transport infrastructure

The key role of transport infrastructure in the emerging European network has provoked many questions as to the financing and operating of existing and new transport infrastructure. In the course of the twentieth century governments in all countries have assumed responsibility for financing and operating transport infrastructure. In the past decade, however, serious doubts have been expressed on the efficiency of a strong public financial involvement in infrastructure. The paper addresses the question whether infrastructure financing and operation is a necessary competence of governments. In principle, infrastructure may be provided by the private sector, through which efficiency gains may be achieved. Therefore, the necessity for government financing is at stake in the current debate. In the paper several arguments for and against private financing are systemically evaluated and illustrated by diverse uses related to various modes of transport. The conclusion is that there is much scope for the private sector in financing and operating new and existing transport infrastructures in Europe.     

Allocation of mobile communication flows

In mobile communications there are two superimposing spatial activities: mobility and telecommunication. Starting from an individual utility function of a certain type, a micro-economic founded gravity model for spatial mobile communication flows is developed in this paper. Estimated parameters of this model are reported and compared with those which stem from non-mobile communication.The author wishes to thank Lutz Schade, Detecon, for his helpful comments.     

Reaching Turkey's spontaneous settlements: The institutional dimension of infrastructure provision

Spontaneous settlements, known as gecekondus, now constitute half or more of the housing stock in Turkey's major cities. They are often ill provided with infrastructure and urban services, to the detriment of their residents. A recent (1996) research project sought to understand this problem by using the analytical framework of new institutional economics. In theory, rules should create incentives that shape the behavior of infrastructure providers. In fact, the research discovered that formal rules are largely ineffective. Instead, in the absence of credible formal rules, pressures are exerted that shape informal operating procedures. This and other findings of the research work which are of relevance to both practitioners and theorists of urban development are elaborated upon.     

我国城市公用基础设施的问题与对策

针对人居环境建设的现状,对城市公用基础设施面临的问题进行了分析,提出要彻底地改变公用基础设施落后的局面,就必须对现行的城市公用基础设施开发建设运营体制进行改革,使之适应新形势下城市公用基础设施发展的需要.     

中国城镇市政设施投融资现状研究

从市政设施含义着手，探讨了我国城镇市政设施投融资改革历程，明晰了各类市政设施归属，指明其民营化的对象，总结了我国推进市政设施民营化的成功实践，并提出了一些改革建议与相关措施。     

宁波公共自行车交通系统的研究及应用

公共自行车作为城市公共交通换乘的必要环节及扩大城市公共交通服务范围的有效手段,在低碳、绿色和宜居城市的建设过程中扮演着重要角色.主要围绕宁波公共自行车系统的建设目标,结合城市布局与城市交通系统协调发展的理论,确定宁波公共自行车系统在宁波公共交通系统中的战略定位,从拓展运营网络、完善信息系统、优化服务内容、提升管理水平、增强发展能力等方面提出改进公共自行车系统的管理对策.     

Multi-level integrated planning and greening of public infrastructure in South Africa

The South African government has named the transition towards a greener economy one of its priorities. Meanwhile it has developed a new multilevel integrated planning process, and announced a massive public infrastructure investment plan. The converging point of these three dynamics should be the integration of green infrastructure principles into the different plans as the foundation of the green transition. This paper uses a policy integration analytical framework to assess whether this convergence is in fact taking shape. It analyses the level of integration of green infrastructure principles into the different plans and suggests options to move the green infrastructure agenda forward.     

The principal-agent problem in contracting public transport provision to private operators: A case study of the UK Quality Contract Scheme

This study explores the principal-agent problem as part of a broader discussion of the challenges of privatising and outsourcing of public utilities. The research asks: how can a public transport authority (the principal) motivate bus operators (agents) to achieve the authority's goals (more and better public transport) when their respective interests may not align? The case study is based on the UK “Quality Contract Scheme”, an option that has never been used before, thus providing an opportunity to understand the challenges in such cooperative schemes, and explore how public authorities struggle to achieve their goals via private service providers. Our findings reveal that the actors could not align their incentives due to transaction costs and information asymmetry, which ultimately damaged the quality of the financial projections and thwarted approval of the scheme.     

论市政公用基础施工现场管理

阐述了市政公用基础设施施工现场存在的合同管理理念淡薄、施工组织设计编制不严谨、现场管理紊乱等问题,并提出了增强合同管理意识、选用优秀的项目经理等措施,以加强施工现场管理,确保施工质量。     

Planning transport infrastructure: examining the politics of transport planning in Melbourne,Sydney and Perth

Abstract

Australian cities have observed a “consensus turn” expressed as broad public support of greater accessibility and public transport provision as revealed in metropolitan strategic plans. In contrast large-scale road projects proposed to traverse the inner-city of three major Australian cities reveals an ongoing and deep-seated attachment by some to car-based travel in Australian urban transport planning. Comparative case studies of these three road projects in Melbourne, Sydney and Perth explores the impact that an antagonistic relationship between the state and community has on the culture of transport planning. Through observational insights, policy and media analysis and interviews with community groups, we show that this antagonistic planning culture arises when there is a fracture between metropolitan strategic plan-making and project planning, and when clear channels of communication and deliberation are undermined.