PVA-CP1220T10吹塑薄膜加工工艺及性能研究

采用挤出吹塑法制得了聚乙烯醇（PVA）薄膜,并结合制品性能,讨论了吹塑工艺参数的优化。结果表明,PVA-CPl220T10吹膜加工工艺条件为：第一段温度134-140℃,第二段温度175-180℃,第三段温度180-185℃,主轴转速12Hz,卷曲速度450r／min,得到了平均膜厚为0．03mm的PVA薄膜。该薄膜具有良好的水溶性,其拉伸强度纵向为30．26MPa,横向为22．41MPa;断裂伸长率纵向为178．1％,横向为155．8％。     

均匀设计法优选聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钙复合膜制备工艺

采用均匀设计法设计实验,以w（戊二醛）、m（PVA）：m（SA）、m（CaCl2）和t（戊二醛与聚乙烯醇的反应时间）为考察因素,以含水率和拉断伸长率为考察指标,研究聚乙烯醇海藻酸钙复合膜的制备工艺条件。用红外光谱测定材料中交联反应的互溶性,用扫描电镜观察材料的组织形态。表明最佳制备工艺条件为：叫（戊二醛）-0．85％,m（PVA）：m（SA）=7．5：1,侧（CaCl2）-2％,反应时间为1．5h。测试结果表明,制得的复合膜外观均一、光滑,柔韧有弹性,呈乳白色,含水质量百分率达到85．01％,拉断伸长率为494．80％。优选出的制备工艺条件可行性好。     

高聚合度聚乙烯醇的制备

采用醋酸乙烯酯为单体,以OP-10和十二烷基硫酸钠为复配乳化剂,偶氮二脒基丙烷盐酸盐为引发剂,通过正交实验研究了乳液聚合法制备高聚合度聚醋酸乙烯酯的最佳工艺条件.通过单因素实验验证了最佳工艺条件的可靠性,并分析了乳化剂用量、引发剂用量和反应温度对醋酸乙烯酯平均聚合度的影响规律.在最佳工艺条件下制得了聚合度为5 100的聚醋酸乙烯酯,经醇解得到了聚合度为4 800的聚乙烯醇.     

改性聚乙烯醇甲醛胶粘剂的研制

介绍了以聚乙烯醇、甲醛、淀粉等为主要原料制备聚乙烯醇缩甲醛胶粘剂的工艺。探讨了甲醛、淀粉、尿素和改性剂的用量、pH值、反应温度等因素对聚乙烯醇缩甲醛胶粘剂的制备与性能的影响。实验结果表明，制备聚乙烯醇缩甲醛的优化配方及工艺条件为：聚乙烯醇26．2g、甲醛 4g、淀粉5．4g、尿素3g、改性剂3g、水120g，pH值为2－3，反应温度80－85℃。制得的聚乙烯醇缩甲醛胶粘剂具有粘度大、初粘性好、干燥速度快、稳定性好及游离甲醛含量低等优点，是一种良好的啤酒瓶贴标用胶粘剂。     

疏水作用色谱用球状交联聚乙烯醇的制备

采用悬浮聚合法成功地制备了PVA白球。本文对水溶液中PVA含量、甲醛用量、表面活性剂、油水体积比、搅拌速度及反应温度等影响因素进行了研究和探索。实验得到了最佳工艺条件为：50ml15％PVA分散在300ml的油相中,以3.0g油酸钠和5．0molSpan－80作表面活性剂,用10ml甲醛溶液作交联剂,在88℃和400r/min的条件下进行悬浮聚合,制备得到了缩醛化度为30％的球状PVA颗粒,其中粒径0．30－0．45mm（40－60目）者约占80％。     

醋酸甲酯催化精馏水解技术的工业应用

醋酸甲醇精馏水解工艺在水酯比＝2．0，回流进料＝1．8－2．53，空速＝0．43的范围内，酯的分解率大于57％，水解产物中酸水比大于1．3。与传统的固定床水解工艺相比具有明显优势。     

聚乙烯醇与淀粉共混薄膜的研究

在添加剂作用下,将聚乙烯醇(PVA)与淀粉进行溶液共混,通过正交实验法确定了生产PVA-淀粉塑料薄膜的最优化工艺条件。在最优化工艺条件下,制得了相容性较好且具有良好生物降解性能的PVA-淀粉塑料薄膜。     

火柴盒黏合剂的研制

研究了以聚乙烯醇为原料，经过缩醛化改性后制得用于火柴盒糊盒的黏合剂，着重探讨了影响缩醛化反应的几个重要因素；甲醛用量，反应液酸度，反应温度，确定了最佳工艺条件。     

酯化改性聚乙烯醇的研究

以氯乙酰氯作为酯化剂和聚乙烯醇反应,得到了酯化改性聚乙烯醇,其结构经IR表征。考察了反应时间、反应温度对聚乙烯醇酯化改性产物酯化程度的影响,通过正交实验确定了聚乙烯醇酯化改性的最佳工艺条件,聚乙烯醇与氯乙酰氯的物质的量之比为1：2,反应温度为60％,反应时间为6h。对酯化改性产物的耐水性进行了测试,酯化改性产物的耐水性达到了94．7％。     

软质聚乙烯醇缩甲醛泡沫塑料的研制

本文主要介绍利用聚乙烯树醇树脂为原料，通过缩醛化反应后进行发泡产生聚乙烯醇缩甲醛泡沫（海绵）塑料，并对其生产设备，工艺条件进行了探讨。     

水溶性粘合剂的配制及其性能研究

先通过聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVAc)的醇解制备出聚乙烯醇(PVA),再用聚乙烯醇在酸性条件下与甲醛缩合,得到聚乙烯醇缩甲醛(PVF),再以聚乙烯醇和聚乙烯醇缩甲醛为基料,以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)为增塑剂,聚乙二醇-400(PEG-400)为增韧剂,水为溶剂,以鱼油为分散剂,配制了不同工艺配方的水基粘合剂,考察了增塑剂、增韧剂的加入量对粘合剂的透明度、稳定性、溶解度、粘弹性等的影响。实验结果表明,当质量比PVA∶PVA∶水=9.6∶9.6∶80.8,鱼油、聚乙二醇-400、DBP的添加量分别为4%、1.6%、2.0%时,所配制的粘合剂有相对较好的综合性能。     

醋酸乙烯乳液聚合的影响因素探讨

研究了聚合温度和电解质对醋酸乙烯（ＡＶc)乳液聚合反应的影响，对以聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）为保护胶体的系统而言，乳液粘度随聚合温度的升高而增大，随电解质用量的增加而减少。     

PVC的共混改性研究进展

阐述了近年来对PVC的共混改性研究工作,总结了不同物质,如弹性体、塑料、无机刚性粒子增韧PVC的机理。并讨论了部分PVC树脂共混体系的相容性及改性效果。     

Biodegradability, antimicrobial activity and properties of PVA/PVP hydrogels prepared by γ-irradiation

Polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVA/PVP) hydrogel has been prepared by using γ-irradiation technique. In the present study the conclusion on miscibility of PVA/PVP blends, confirmed qualitatively and quantitatively by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. PVA and PVP are found to form a thermodynamically miscible pair. The physical properties such as gel fraction and water absorption performance of the prepared hydrogels were measured, it was found that the gel fraction increases with increasing irradiation dose while the swelling of PVA/PVP blended hydrogels nearly tends to increase with increasing PVP content and reduced with enhanced irradiation doses. The hydrogel pore structure of various PVA/PVP compositions were tested with SEM. Ability of PVA/PVP hydrogels to absorb and release antimicrobial compounds was tested using amoxicillin as an antibacterial and ketoconazole as an antifungal. Antimicrobial activity of PVA/PVP hydrogels was examined using four bacteria, and four fungi. No antibacterial or antifungal activities of non-loaded PVA/PVP of various compositions were detected while the loading ones found to have antimicrobial activity. Results showed resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans to PVA/PVP, while Bacillus subtilis was very sensitive. Biodegradation of PVA/PVP hydrogels was investigated by burial method in two types of local soils (clay and sandy soils). The highest degradation rate was found to be achieved using clay soil. Also, effect of irradiation dose on its biodegradability was tested. The results showed that the radiation prepared PVA/PVP hydrogels can be use as biomaterials.     

Effect of hydrophilization of surface of PVC particles on their water dispersion stability

The results of studies on the effect of oxyethylenated surfaces of PVC on the water dispersion stability of particles are presented. The hydrophilizating agent introduced into PVC particles was ethylene polyoxide glycol with molecular weights from 400 to 6000. Non-ionic surfactants such as oxyethylenated oleinic acid, oxyethylenated plant oil, oxyethylenated lauryl alcohol and oxyethylenated saturated aliphatic alcohol were used as stabilizers of PVC particles in water. It was found that the aqueous dispersions of PVC plastisol with the best stability were obtained when polyethylenoxide glycol with molecular weight of 6000 was applied as hydrophilizating agent and oxyethylenated oleic acid or oxyethylenated saturated aliphatic alcohol as stabilizer. In these cases, stability is highest because the highest number of hydrogen bonds are formed that decided about the formation of an adsorbed film around the dispersed particle.     

Effect of Mechanochemical Degradation on Rheological Behavior of PVC

The rheological behavior of mechanochemically degraded poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was studied through a Brabender plasticorder and capillary rheometer. The experimental results show that the degraded PVC has a much shorter plasticizing time, higher plasticizing rate, and lower melt viscosity and glass transition temperature as compared with undegraded PVC. The results provide a theoretical base for using the low molecular weight PVC prepared by the mechanochemical method as plasticizer for high molecular weight PVC.     

Influence of Phase Dispersant on the Cocross-Linking of Polyvinyl Chloride with Low Density Polyethylene

The cocross-linking of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) was studied by THF extraction, FTIR, and Dynamic rheological analysis. It is found that dicumyl peroxide (DCP) could neither induce the cross-linking of PVC itself nor cause PVC chains to cocross-link with LDPE. Butadiene rubber (BR), as a solid phase dispersant (SPD) can not give a hand to the cocross-linking. However, NBR, both as a compatibilizer and SPD, can induce PVC to be crosslinked or cocross-linked with LDPE initiated by DCP. The composite cross-linking agent that consists of DCP, triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC), and magnesium oxide (MgO) is easy to induce PVC to cross-link itself or cocross-link with LDPE.     

Polymeric Corrosion Inhibitors for Iron and Its Alloys: A Review

Several works have been reported on the corrosion inhibition of different metals in various corrosive environments. Initially attention was centered on organic compounds but later focused on green inhibitors. Green inhibitors include nontoxic, eco-friendly polymers and natural inhibitors. In recent years, there has been increased emphasis on applications of polymers, copolymers, grafted polymers, and polymer composites as green corrosion inhibitors. The prime controlling factors influencing the corrosion inhibitive performance of polymeric compounds on the corrosion of metals in various corrosive environments are discussed in this review. The superior performance of a polymeric corrosion inhibitor is due to its larger size and greater number of functional anchoring groups. Through the anchoring groups the polymers easily get adsorbed on the metal surface and cover considerably more surface than the corresponding monomers. The main factors influencing the corrosion mitigating properties of the polymers are molecular size, weight, composition, and nature of the anchoring groups. The solution pH, concentration, exposure time, and temperature also find their role in inhibition performance. In this review, we have tried to cover various types of polymeric corrosion inhibitors for iron and its alloys.     

新型乳白胶的生产和应用

介绍了新型乳白胶的配方和制造方法，用此法生产的新型乳白胶具有粘接强度高、用途广、成本低等优点。     

稀土加工助剂兼热稳定剂RHS—1

本文介绍一种新型无毒透明ＰＶＣ添加剂ＲＨＳ－１。ＲＨＳ－１的主要化学成分是一种难溶稀土有机酸盐，兼具加工助剂和热稳定剂的作用，作为加工助剂，其效能达到ＡＣＲ－２０１的二倍以上，ＲＨＳ－１的热稳定效能不及１７ＭＯＫ，但由于两者具体有协同作用，ＲＨＳ－１可用于代替部分１７ＭＯＫ。