共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Requirements Engineering and Technology Transfer: Obstacles, Incentives and Improvement Agenda 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hermann Kaindl Sjaak Brinkkemper Janis A. Bubenko Jr Barbara Farbey Sol J. Greenspan Constance L. Heitmeyer Julio Cesar Sampaio do Prado Leite? Nancy R. Mead John Mylopoulos Jawed Siddiqi 《Requirements Engineering》2002,7(3):113-123
For many years, research results in requirements engineering (RE) have been developed without much interaction with, or impact
on, industrial practice. Why is it so difficult to introduce RE research results into mainstream RE practice? This paper attempts
to provide answers to this question by describing obstacles that researchers and practitioners have encountered when they
attempted technology transfer. In addition, major incentives for using RE methods are discussed, along with ideas for improving
current RE practice. The paper summarises, clarifies and extends the results of two panel discussions, one at the Twelfth
Conference on Advanced information Systems Engineering (CAiSE’00) and the other at the Fourth IEEE Conference on Requirements
Engineering (ICRE’00). 相似文献
2.
This paper looks from an ethnographic viewpoint at the case of two information systems in a multinational engineering consultancy.
It proposes using the rich findings from ethnographic analysis during requirements discovery. The paper shows how context
– organisational and social – can be taken into account during an information system development process. Socio-technical
approaches are holistic in nature and provide opportunities to produce information systems utilising social science insights,
computer science technical competence and psychological approaches. These approaches provide fact-finding methods that are
appropriate to system participants’ and organisational stakeholders’ needs.
The paper recommends a method of modelling that results in a computerised information system data model that reflects the
conflicting and competing data and multiple perspectives of participants and stakeholders, and that improves interactivity
and conflict management. 相似文献
3.
Round-Trip Prototyping Based on Integrated Functional and User Interface Requirements Specifications
Requirements engineering in the new millennium is facing an increasing diversity of computerised devices comprising an increasing
diversity of interaction styles for an increasing diversity of user groups. Thus the incorporation of user interface requirements
into software requirements specifications becomes more and more mandatory. Validating these requirements specifications with
hand-made, throw-away prototypes is not only expensive, but also bears the danger that validation results are not accurately
fed back into the requirements specification. In this paper, we propose an enhancement of the requirements specification method
SCORES for an explicit capturing of user interface requirements. The advantages of the approach are threefold. First, the
user interface requirements specification is UML-compliant and integrated into the functional requirements specification.
Second, prototypes for validation purposes can semi-automatically be generated. Third, the model-based generation of prototypes
allows for ‘round-trip prototyping’ such that manual changes of the prototype during the validation process are automatically
fed back into the requirements specification. 相似文献
4.
Scenario Management: An Interdisciplinary Approach 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
5.
A Representational Framework for Scenarios of System Use 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Scenarios are becoming widely used in three areas of system development: software engineering, human–computer interaction
(HCI), and organisational process design. There are many reasons to use scenarios during system design. The one usually advanced
in support of the practice is to aid the processes of validating the developers’ understanding of the customers’ or users’
work practices, organisational goals and structures, and system requirements. All three areas identified above deal with these
processes, and not surprisingly this has given rise to a profusion of scenario-based practices and representations. Yet there
has been little analysis of why scenarios should be useful, let alone whether they are. Only by having such a framework for
understanding what scenarios are, and what they are for, can we begin to evaluate different scenario approaches in specific
development contexts. This paper is a contribution toward such a framework. We lay out a space of representational possibilities
for scenarios and enumerate a set of values or criteria that are important for different uses of scenarios. We then summarise
several salient representations drawn from the software engineering, HCI, and organisational process design communities to
clarify how these representational choices contribute to or detract from the goals of the respective practices. Finally, we
discuss how scenario representations from one area of design may be useful in others, and we discuss the relationship between
these representations and other significant early-design and requirements engineering practices. 相似文献
6.
The system requirements specification (SRS) is a highly dynamic document that grows and evolves throughout a software development
project, and it is critical that it be carefully engineered and managed. Because the SRS fulfils many roles and is of interest
to a diversity of stakeholders, its management should be a collaborative process supported by an automated tool. Commercial
requirements management tools are at present insufficiently versatile to support collaboration between a multidisciplinary
and potentially distributed team of stakeholders. The requirements for such a collaborative tool are herein presented, alongside
the design of a prototype and the findings of its application in a case study. 相似文献
7.
User interface and requirements prototyping is a requirements elicitation technique. A user interface and requirements prototype
is built during the requirements engineering phase of a software system development. Along with the user interface prototype
are produced various documents such as the system requirement specification. When a prototype and other documents exist, they
may not describe the same functionality, particularly because there may be behaviour of the prototype, artefacts of prototyping,
that may not be intended. The problem is that in later development stages, when there is a prototype and other documents,
it is often difficult to reconcile the difference between the prototype and the other documents. This paper presents an approach
for avoiding this difficulty. It demonstrates the approach by showing its application to parts of a real software development. 相似文献
8.
A. Daugulis 《Requirements Engineering》2000,5(3):137-143
Nowadays, time is critical in most system engineering projects. The ability to deliver systems in short time determines the
success of the system supplier. For customers, the quicker the system delivery time, the better are their chances to get some
business advantages in their ever-changing business environments. As a consequence, an increasing number of projects are subjected
to tight deadlines in all project phases, including requirements elicitation. A project with plenty of time for developing
a requirements specification is hard to find. In this paper, experiences from one such project are reflected. Based on these
experiences, time aspects in requirements engineering are discussed; i.e., what could be done better in requirements engineering
if there were more time and what can easily be missed in requirements engineering under a tight deadline. 相似文献
9.
Douglas Havelka 《Requirements Engineering》2002,6(4):220-236
An empirical study was performed to identify, elucidate and judge factors that affect the quality of the information requirements
determination process. These quality factors were determined using a series of nominal group processes involving information
systems specialists from various organisations and projects. The results indicate that there exists a set of factors that
IS specialists from different organisations and with different systems experience agree upon as being critical to ensuring
the quality of the requirements determination process, and that these factors appear to fall into six categories: IS specialist
factors, user factors, project team factors, project factors, application factors and environmental/organisational factors. 相似文献
10.
This paper investigates how organisations – as joint cognitive systems – deal with change. This is explored in a case study
into the use of web-based technology in an organisation and the ways in which its current and future use may be influenced
by the local concerns of the actors with it. The paper looks at some of the factors that need to be taken into account for
improving technology, and more specifically, in intranet development. In particular, the paper discusses the case experience
in the light of previous research in IT-enabled organisational transformation and contributes to our understanding of human
interaction with network technologies in an organisational context. 相似文献
11.
This paper presents an ethnographically informed investigation into the use of an organisational memory, focusing in particular
on how information was used in the performance of work. We argue that understanding how people make use of distributed knowledge
is crucial to the design of an organisational memory. However, we take the perspective that an ‘organisational memory’ is
not technology dependent, but is an emergent property of group interaction. In this sense, the technology does not form the
organisational memory, but provides a novel means of augmenting the co-ordination of collaborative action. The study examines
the generation, development and maintenance of knowledge repositories and archives. The knowledge and information captured
in the organisational memory enabled the team members to establish a common understanding of the design and to gain an appreciation
of the issues and concerns of the other disciplines. The study demonstrates why technology should not be thought of in isolation
from its contexts of use, but also how designers can make use of the creative flexibility that people employ in their everyday
activities. The findings of the study are therefore of direct relevance to both the design of knowledge archives and to the
management of this information within organisations. 相似文献
12.
Luiz Marcio Cysneiros Julio Cesar Sampaio do Prado Leite Jaime de Melo Sabat Neto 《Requirements Engineering》2001,6(2):97-115
The development of complex information systems calls for conceptual models that describe aspects beyond entities and activities.
In particular, recent research has pointed out that conceptual models need to model goals, in order to capture the intentions
which underlie complex situations within an organisational context. This paper focuses on one class of goals, namely non-functional
requirements (NFR), which need to be captured and analysed from the very early phases of the software development process.
The paper presents a framework for integrating NFRs into the ER and OO models. This framework has been validated by two case
studies, one of which is very large. The results of the case studies suggest that goal modelling during early phases can lead
to a more productive and complete modelling activity. 相似文献
13.
This paper presents an automated tool for scenario-driven requirements engineering where scenario analysis plays the central
role. It is shown that a scenario can be described by three views of data flow, entity relationship and state transition models
by slight extensions of classic data flow, entity relationship and state transition diagrams. The notions of consistency and
completeness of a set of scenarios are formally defined in graph theory terminology and automatically checked by the tool.
The tool supports automatic validation of requirements definitions by analysing the consistency between a set of scenarios
and requirements models. It also supports automatic synthesis of requirements models from a set of scenarios. Its utility
and usefulness are demonstrated by a non-trivial example in the paper. Case studies of the tools are also presented. 相似文献
14.
Variability is a central concept in software product family development. Variability empowers constructive reuse and facilitates
the derivation of different, customer specific products from the product family. If many customer specific requirements can
be realised by exploiting the product family variability, the reuse achieved is obviously high. If not, the reuse is low.
It is thus important that the variability of the product family is adequately considered when eliciting requirements from
the customer.
In this paper we sketch the challenges for requirements engineering for product family applications. More precisely we elaborate
on the need to communicate the variability of the product family to the customer. We differentiate between variability aspects
which are essential for the customer and aspects which are more related to the technical realisation and need thus not be
communicated to the customer. Motivated by the successful usage of use cases in single product development we propose use
cases as communication medium for the product family variability. We discuss and illustrate which customer relevant variability
aspects can be represented with use cases, and for which aspects use cases are not suitable. Moreover we propose extensions
to use case diagrams to support an intuitive representation of customer relevant variability aspects.
Received: 14 October 2002 / Accepted: 8 January 2003
Published online: 27 February 2003
This work was partially funded by the CAFé project “From Concept to Application in System Family Engineering”; Eureka Σ! 2023
Programme, ITEA Project ip00004 (BMBF, F?rderkennzeichen 01 IS 002 C) and the state Nord-Rhein-Westfalia. This paper is a
significant extension of the paper “Modellierung der Variabilit?t einer Produktfamilie”, [15]. 相似文献
15.
Deriving Goals from a Use-Case Based Requirements Specification 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Annie I. Antón Ryan A. Carter Aldo Dagnino John H. Dempster Devon F. Siege 《Requirements Engineering》2001,6(1):63-73
Use cases and scenarios have emerged as prominent analysis tools during requirements engineering activities due to both their
richness and informality. In some instances, for example when a project’s budget or schedule time is reduced at short notice,
practitioners have been known to adopt a collection of use cases as a suitable substitute for a requirements specification.
Given the challenges inherent in managing large collections of scenarios, this shortcut is cause for concern and deserves
focused attention. We describe our experiences during a goal-driven requirements analysis effort for an electronic commerce
application. In particular, we identify the specific risks incurred, focusing more on the challenges imposed due to traceability,
inconsistent use of terminology, incompleteness and consistency, rather than on traditional software project management risks.
We conclude by discussing the impact of the lessons learned for requirements engineering in the context of building quality
systems during goal and scenario analysis. 相似文献
16.
Patterns Approach to Product Information Systems Engineering 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This paper deals with the application of the pattern approach to product information systems (PIS) engineering. Two kind of
patterns are distinguished: business patterns used for specification and providing solutions for application field problems,
and software patterns used for implementation and providing solutions for technical problems (software). Particular attention
is given to identifying and specifying different business patterns. The main focus is on the activity of design for reuse,
i.e. discovery of business patterns and their integration in a pattern catalogue. The first step consisted of a field analysis
providing a common terminology and a semantic of the principal concepts managed in PIS and proposing various models to fix
these concepts. It forms a basis for exploring the problems frequently occurring during PIS specification. A pattern catalogue
is then proposed to solve the identified problems. 相似文献
17.
This paper reports the results of an action research project which studied the benefits of documenting the evolution, and
the rationale for the evolution, of a requirements specification. The benefits which design explanation offers designers (as
documented in the literature) suggested an investigation with a view to understanding the potential contribution of the IBIS
(Issue-Based Information System) approach. The paper reports an investigation into the use of ad hoc design explanation, in
which design decisions were documented as they were made using the IBIS notation. This study finds both strengths and weaknesses
in the approach. It reveals ways in which IBIS might be used more effectively and leads us to suggest a further study into
the complementary use of ad hoc and post hoc design explanation approaches. 相似文献
18.
Ambrosio Toval Joaquín Nicolás Begoña Moros Fernando García 《Requirements Engineering》2002,6(4):205-219
Information systems security issues have usually been considered only after the system has been developed completely, and
rarely during its design, coding, testing or deployment. However, the advisability of considering security from the very beginning
of the system development has recently begun to be appreciated, and in particular in the system requirements specification
phase. We present a practical method to elicit and specify the system and software requirements, including a repository containing
reusable requirements, a spiral process model, and a set of requirements documents templates. In this paper, this method is
focused on the security of information systems and, thus, the reusable requirements repository contains all the requirements
taken from MAGERIT, the Spanish public administration risk analysis and management method, which conforms to ISO 15408, Common
Criteria Framework. Any information system including these security requirements must therefore pass a risk analysis and management
study performed with MAGERIT. The requirements specification templates are hierarchically structured and are based on IEEE
standards. Finally, we show a case study in a system of our regional administration aimed at managing state subsidies. 相似文献
19.
In this paper, we argue that information systems requirements are inherently dynamic, and that a methodology that caters for
such dynamicity must enable the evaluation of requirements, as they evolve, against dynamic contexts. Moreover, information
systems contexts are soft, ambiguous, and are thus mainly characterised by qualitative data. We present an analytical technique,
based on the grounded theory method for developing qualitative scenarios against which statements of requirements can be evaluated. 相似文献