铸态ZK60 镁合金往复挤压的组织与性能

目的探索工艺参数对微观组织和力学性能的影响。方法材料选用铸态ZK60合金,通过试验研究挤压比、往复挤压道次对镁合金微观组织演变的影响,分析挤压比对T6处理的材料力学性能的影响。结果在一定范围内增大挤压比和增加往复挤压道次均有助于组织细化。在350℃、挤压比为8时,经过8道次往复挤压变形可以细化晶粒到3μm左右。晶粒尺寸达到5μm以下,增加往复道次使晶粒细化的效果不明显,但有利于晶粒的均匀化。在往复挤压温度350℃,挤压比8,往复道次8的条件下,经过T6处理的试样具有良好的综合力学性能,伸长率达到22.1%,抗拉强度为308.6 MPa。结论 ZK60镁合金在往复挤压和动态再结晶过程中,晶粒的细化与往复挤压道次和挤压比有关。若挤压比较小,尽管往复道次较大,但是晶粒细化的效果不明显;合理的匹配挤压比与往复道次,能获得细小、均匀的组织。     

往复挤压高韧Mg-Zn-Y合金

将铸态Mg92.5Zn6.4Y1.1镁合金往复挤压2,4,8,12不同道次,然后分别正挤压制成φ12mm的棒材.采用OM,XRD及DTA研究了往复挤压不同道次镁合金的组织和力学性能.研究表明,铸态Mg92.5Zn6.4Y1.1镁合金往复挤压后,组织得到显著细化,力学性能得到大幅度提高,获得了高强韧镁合金.2道次后,晶粒约5μm,拉伸强度超过300MPa,伸长率高达20%.继续增加往复挤压道次,晶粒细化和拉伸性能提高均不明显,当往复挤压12道次时,拉伸强度明显降低,而伸长率达到23%.Mg92.5Zn6.4Y1.1镁合金的伸长率大幅度提高归因于在往复挤压过程中,铸态组织中的缩松、缩孔等缺陷闭合和成分偏析非均匀相的分布均匀化,以及晶粒的破碎、回复和动态再结晶所引起的晶粒细化及材料的流动,最终获得完全致密、细小而均匀的等轴晶组织.     

铸态、挤压态和快速凝固态ZK60镁合金微观组织及压缩性能

采用铜模喷铸的方法制备得到快速凝固态ZK60镁合金,并通过X射线衍射仪,扫描显微镜和能谱分析仪对铸态、挤压态和快速凝固态ZK60镁合金的组织结构及相的组成进行表征.结果发现:快速凝固态ZK60镁合金的组织均匀细小,并且样品中弥散分布着颗粒状的MgZn相,除此之外,该合金中还存在尺寸较大的富Zr共晶团.通过压缩实验发现,...     

搅拌摩擦焊接ZK60镁合金弯曲性能与断裂行为研究

搅拌摩擦焊接过程中被焊区材料发生剧烈塑性变形,进而导致焊缝微观组织及接头力学性能发生显著改变,但有关镁合金焊接接头弯曲性能的研究报道极少。本实验以铸造固溶态ZK60镁合金为研究对象,采用背弯和面弯两种弯曲试验方案,探索搅拌摩擦焊接ZK60镁合金的微观组织演变及对接头弯曲性能与断裂行为的影响规律。研究发现,焊接后焊缝区晶粒尺寸显著降低,平均晶粒尺寸从59μm左右降低至4μm左右。ZK60镁合金接头的弯曲性能远高于母材样品,且面弯样品的弯曲强度高于背弯样品。经过大挠度弯曲变形后ZK60母材及面弯试样都发生开裂,但背弯样品中未见裂纹的萌生及扩展。分析认为,接头过渡区/搅拌区界线处的织构突变对搅拌摩擦焊接ZK60镁合金的弯曲断裂行为影响不大。     

镁合金体积成形进展

简要介绍了国内外学者、科技人员进行的ZK30,ZK60,AZ31,AZ31B,AZ61,AZ80,MB15等镁合金材料锻造、挤压方面的基础研究进展和一些简单的产品开发,阐明了镁合金从基本研究到镁合金产品产业化和商业化的发展方向.     

ZK60镁合金型材挤压过程有限元数值模拟

本文运用DEFORM-3D平台对ZK60变形镁合金型材挤压过程进行了数值模拟.分析了变形温度(T=300℃/350℃)、变形速度(V=2、5mm/s)对合金等效应变、等效应力、温度场以及变形载荷的影响规律.结果表明:温度对等效应力影响显著,变形温度从300℃升高到350℃,合金最大等效应力从75MPa降低到55MPa;变形速度对温升影响显著,挤压速度由2mm/s升高到5mm/s,合金最大温升由81℃升高到118℃.确定了ZK60合金在挤压比为25时,适宜的挤压温度为350℃,挤压速度应在5mm/s以下.     

ECAP法制备细晶ZK60镁合金的微观组织与力学性能

利用等通道转角挤压法(ECAP)制备出了细晶ZK60合金,通过金相组织观察,拉伸性能测试,EBSD和透射电镜(TEM)研究了不同挤压温度和挤压道次对合金组织与性能的影响.结果表明:ZK60镁合金在210～240℃温度范围内进行ECAP挤压能获得较好的晶粒细化效果;在240℃进行ECAP挤压时,随着挤压道次的增加,合金晶...     

ZK60镁合金铸坯均匀化退火研究

通过金相组织分析和显微硬度测试,研究了不同退火温度和时间条件下ZK60镁合金铸坯的显微组织和显微硬度,分析了退火温度和时间对铸坯组织转变和成分均匀化的影响.结果表明退火温度对均匀化起主要作用.提出了ZK60镁合金铸锭的优化退火工艺为470℃×14h.     

大塑性变形的AM60镁合金半固态等温处理研究

为了制备晶粒细小且球化程度高的的AM60镁合金半固态坯料,对铸态和等径道角挤压态的AM60镁合金半固态等温处理过程进行了研究.借助金相显微镜对AM60镁合金铸坯和等径道角挤压后的铸坯在半固态等温处理中的微观组织演变进行了观察.研究结果表明:对于AM60镁合金,直接等温处理获得的半固坯晶粒很粗大,其平均晶粒尺寸都在100μm以上,晶粒球化效果不理想,很难获得合格的半固态坯;新SIMA法是一种非常理想制备AM60镁合金半固态坯的方法,利用该方法制备的AM60半固态坯的微观组织晶粒十分细小,平均晶粒尺寸在8～22μm,晶粒球化程度高;随着保温时间的延长,新SIMA法制备的AM60半固态坯的微观组织出现长大现象;随着等温处理温度的升高,固相晶粒的平均尺寸先增加后减小,晶粒球化程度越来越高.     

ZK60镁合金中空型材挤压成形的有限元模拟及组织和性能

运用Hyper Xtrude软件对ZK60镁合金中空型材挤压过程进行有限元数值模拟,得到了型材断面的温度场、速度场、位移场及应变场。由模拟结果可知,出口型材温度和速度呈平面对称分布,从型腔到挤压模具出口,温度呈梯段式下降。微观组织分析结果表明,ZK60镁合金中空型材的平均晶粒尺寸为8. 9～23. 1μm,顶面的晶粒最大,底边拐角处晶粒尺寸最细小,这是由于型材断面各位置的温度、速度和应变不同导致动态再结晶程度不同。型材的(0002)基面织构是向挤压方向偏转10～15°的基面取向,型材顶面和侧面的(0002)极密度差异较大,顶面的(0002)极密度值为19. 3,侧面的(0002)极密度值为6. 9。型材抗拉强度约为310 MPa,侧面的延伸率最高为18. 9%,顶面的延伸率最低为13. 4%,这是由于侧面的(0002)基面织构向横向分散,降低了(0002)极密度。顶面的延伸率较低是较大的晶粒尺寸、较强的(0002)基面织构以及第二相分布情况综合作用的结果。     

Porous polytetrafluoroethylene film

The properties of porous films obtained by sintering a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder deposited onto a substrate were studied. The PTFE film porosity was controlled within 50–60% and the maximum pore size was 1–3 μm. The breaking stress of the films reached ～6 MPa at a 100% relative elongation. The influence of the particle size distribution function of the initial PTFE powder on the mechanical properties of sintered films is analyzed.     

Cu元素对挤压剪切ZK60合金组织性能及织构演变的影响

采用金属型铸造方法制备ZK60及ZK60+1.0Cu(质量分数,%)合金,并对两种合金进行均匀化热处理与两步复合挤压剪切成形。利用OM、SEM、EDS、XRD、EBSD、TEM及室温拉伸-压缩实验研究了挤压剪切合金的显微组织、相组成及力学性能。结果表明：向ZK60合金中加入1.0Cu后,合金α-Mg基体中出现三元MgZnCu相。ZK60+1.0Cu合金成形区平均晶粒尺寸为1.56 μm,其远小于ZK60合金(4.68 μm),且MgZnCu相附近存在着尺寸为300±45 nm的亚晶粒。相比于ZK60合金,ZK60+1.0Cu合金成形区拥有着较弱的{0001}基面织构,且织构基极和挤压方向(ED)夹角发生转变,造成ZK60+1.0Cu合金成形区中存在着更多易于{0001}<11\bar{\mathrm{2}}0>基面滑移启动的动态再结晶(DRX)晶粒。ZK60+1.0Cu合金成形区的拉伸及压缩强度明显高于ZK60合金,其主要归因于晶界强化,而拉伸伸长率的降低和硬质MgZnCu相带来的微孔聚集有关。     

Characteristics analysis of wavelength-division-multiplexing fiber couplers fabricated with a microheater

Optical properties and taper profiles of 1.3l/l.55-μm wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) fiber couplers have been experimentally analyzed. A newly developed microheater was used for the fabrication in air. The elongation lengths were controlled so that the fourth coupling peak would reach the 1.55-μm wavelength. The wavelength difference Δλ between the peak coupling wavelength of 1.55 μm and that around 1.31 μm decreased linearly at each fusion temperature with the fusion time. At each fusion temperature, the Δλ value decreased linearly with the elongation length and decreased exponentially with the neck width. The Δλ value and the taper shape at the minimum limit of the degree of fusion were estimated. The fabrication condition and the taper shape for 1.31-μm and 1.55-μm WDM coupling were also analyzed.     

等径角挤压道次对SiC_p/Al复合材料显微组织的影响

为改善超高强度SiCp/Al复合材料的塑性,以Bc路径对喷射沉积SiCp/7090Al（SiC颗粒体积分数15%,名义尺寸10μm）复合材料进行等径角挤压变形,研究了复合材料显微组织和力学性能的演变规律.结果表明：经过4个道次变形后,获得等轴晶粒,尺寸大约为400 nm;SiC颗粒在剪切应力作用下被破碎,尺寸约2μm;...     

Mechanical characterization of single crystal silicon and UV-LIGA nickel thin films using tensile tester operated in AFM

This paper describes the mechanical characteristics of microscale single crystal silicon (SCS) and UV‐LIGA nickel (Ni) films used for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). A compact tensile tester, operated in an atomic force microscope (AFM), was developed for accurate evaluation of Young's modulus, tensile strain and tensile strength of microscale SCS and UV‐LIGA Ni specimens. SCS specimens with nominal dimensions of 20 μm in thickness, 50 μm in width and 600 μm in length were prepared by a conventional photolithography and etching process. UV‐LIGA Ni specimens, with a thickness of 15 μm, a width of 50 μm and a length of 600 μm in nominal dimensions, were also fabricated by electroplating using a UV thick photoresist mould. All specimens have line patterns on their specimen gauge section to measure axial elongation under tensile loading. The SCS specimens showed a linear stress–strain response and fractured in a brittle manner, whereas the UV‐LIGA Ni specimens showed elastic–inelastic deformation behaviour. Young's modulus of SCS and UV‐LIGA Ni specimens obtained from tensile tests averaged 169.2 GPa and 183.6 GPa, respectively, close to those of bulk materials. However, the tensile strength of both materials showed a larger value than the bulk materials: 1.47 GPa for the SCS and 0.98 GPa for the Ni specimens. Yield stress and breaking elongation of UV‐LIGA Ni specimens were also quite different from those of the bulk Ni because of the specimen size effect on inelastic properties.     

涡旋式制冷压缩机的输气量调节

本文介绍了涡式制冷压缩机常用的几种输气量调节方法,对每种调节方法的工作原理、优缺点和性能特性进行了分析讨论.同时也将涡旋式制冷压缩机与往复式压缩机、滚动转子式压缩机就一些性能参数进行了对比.     

等径道角挤压制备高力学性能细晶Mg-6Al合金

为了制备高力学性能细晶Mg-6Al合金坯料,采用金相显微镜、材料拉伸实验机等手段对Mg-6Al合金铸坯进行等径道角挤压实验研究.并利用热处理工艺对挤压后材料进行处理,研究热处理工艺参数对材料力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,Mg-6Al合金的铸坯的抗拉强度为196.4MPa,延伸率为12.6%.经过等径道角挤压的Mg-6Al合金坯料的晶粒被大大细化,其晶粒尺寸由铸坯的140μm左右细化到8μm左右.其力学性能有很大提高,抗拉强度由196.4MPa提高到308.2MPa;延伸率由12.6%提高到30.6%.等径道角挤压工艺是一种非常好的制备高力学性能、细晶Mg-6Al合金的工艺方法.固溶和人工时效热处理工艺对等径道角挤压的Mg-6Al合金坯料的强度有较大影响,对延伸率影响较小.     

钢中砷含量对力学性能影响的回归分析

利用线性回归法分析了60Si2MnA钢中砷含量对力学性能的影响。结果表明：砷含量与抗拉强度、屈服强度及断后伸长率存在一定的线性关系;随着砷含量的增加,抗拉强度和屈服强度上升,而断后伸长率下降;生产过程中为了保证断后伸长率在6．5％以上,砷含量需控制在0．0160％（质量分数）以下。     

热处理对网状结构TiB_W/Ti60复合材料组织与性能的影响

使用大尺寸球形Ti60钛合金粉与细小TiB2粉,通过低能球磨与反应热压烧结,成功制备了增强相呈网状分布的TiB晶须增强Ti60合金基(TiB_W/Ti60)复合材料。对TiB_W/Ti60复合材料进行热处理,以改善其组织结构与力学性能。结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高,TiB_W/Ti60复合材料基体中初生α相(密排六方相)含量减少,相应地转变β组织(α′(马氏体)+残留β相(体心立方相))含量增加,TiB_W/Ti60复合材料的抗拉强度升高,塑性降低;经过1 100℃/1h固溶处理之后,TiB_W/Ti60复合材料的室温抗拉强度为1 470 MPa,延伸率为1.9%。经过时效处理后,转变β组织中的α′相分解成细小α+β相。经过1 100℃/1h固溶+600℃/8h时效处理后TiB_W/Ti60复合材料的硬度达到HV538,抗拉强度达到1 552 MPa,延伸率为1.5%,经过1 000℃/1h固溶+600℃/8h时效处理,其抗拉强度达到1 460 MPa,延伸率为2.2%。     

Effects of glycerol and sorbitol on optical,mechanical, and gas barrier properties of potato peel‐based films

Potato peel is a by‐product of potato‐based food production and seen as a zero‐ or negative‐value waste of which millions of tons are produced every year. Previous studies showed that potato peel is a potential material for film development when plasticized with 10% to 50% glycerol (w/w potato peel). To further investigate potato peel as a film‐forming material, potato peel‐based films containing the plasticizer sorbitol were prepared and investigated on their physicochemical properties in addition to films containing glycerol. Due to sufficient producibility and handling of casted films in preliminary trials, potato peel‐based films containing 50%, 60%, or 70% glycerol (w/w potato peel) and films containing 90%, 100%, or 110% sorbitol (w/w potato peel) were prepared in this study. Generally, with increasing plasticizer concentration, water vapor and oxygen permeability of the films increased. Films containing glycerol showed higher water vapor and oxygen permeabilities than films containing sorbitol. Young's modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break decreased with increasing sorbitol concentration, whereas no significant effect of plasticizer content on elongation at break was shown in films containing glycerol. Due to crystallization of films containing sorbitol as a plasticizer, potato peel‐based films containing 50% glycerol (w/w) were identified as the most promising films, characterized by a water vapor transmission rate of 268 g 100 μm m^?2 d^?1 and an oxygen permeability of 4 cm³ 100 μm m^?2 d^?1 bar^?1. Therefore, potato peel‐based cast films in this study showed comparable tensile properties with those of potato starch‐based films, comparable water vapor barrier with those of whey protein‐based films, and comparable oxygen barrier with those of polyamide films.