包膜缓控释肥料用包膜材料的探讨

简要介绍关于目前国内外缓控释肥料的生产及包膜缓控释肥料生产用包膜材料的种类和特点;阐述开发利用缓效、长效肥料,特别是水溶性低的肥料为速溶、速效性肥料的缓控释包膜材料,采用“以肥包肥”缓控释技术的必要性及取得的成果.     

金正大控释肥获国家专利

山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司和山东农业大学合作开发的包膜控释肥5项核心技术获得了国家发明和实用新型专利。它们分别是:“以回收热塑性树脂为可降解膜的包膜控释肥料的生产方法”、“以喷涂尿素为底涂层的改性环氧树脂包膜控释肥料的制备方法”、“以硫为底涂层的高分子聚合物包膜控释肥料的制造方法”、“管盘式多层尿素硫磺快速熔融器”、“高压气流快速加热恒温器”等,形成了具有我国自主知识产权的包膜控释肥生产技术体系。金正大控释肥获国家专利     

缓/控释肥料的研究与发展

介绍了缓释、控释肥料的概念以及区分二者的意义;概述了缓/控释肥包膜材料、技术、工艺的研究应用状况;分析了包膜材料与包膜缓/控释肥料的发展方向.     

包膜控释肥料研究与产业化开发

从控释和缓释肥料提高肥料利用率的基本原理出发，对国际肥料工业协会(IFA)提出的和国际上公认的肥料养分释放、缓释、控释、控释肥、缓释肥和稳定性肥料的概念和定义进行了讨论和认定。介绍了山东农业大学主持承担的国家“948”项目、农业部跨越计划项目和山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励基金项目——包膜控释肥研究与开发的进展情况，包括包膜控释肥的包膜材料与工艺流程的选择、研制的包膜控释肥生产设备、开发出的控释肥系列品种、控释肥的质量检测标准、控释肥在多种作物上的应用效果，并分析了控释肥的经济、社会、生态效益及推广应用前景。     

一种猪饲料配方

正申请(专利权)人:陈呈礼申请日期:2011.01.19申请(专利)号:CN201210350231主分类号:A23K1/18本发明中生姜专用控释肥由播种前施用的A组肥料和生长期施用的B组肥料两部分组成:A组肥料为腐植酸包膜尿素,硫加高分子聚合物包膜尿素,磷酸二铵,硫酸锌,多宁制剂,克菌康制剂;B组肥料为腐植酸包膜尿素,尿素,硫酸钾,多菌     

控释肥料包膜材料的研究进展

从无机材料和有机材料两个方面论述了控释肥料包膜材料的分类,介绍了国内外控释肥料包膜材料的研究进展,分析了目前各类控释肥料包膜材料的优点和不足,提出了包膜材料研究的重点问题和应用前景。     

江苏建成的包硫尿素将首先使用于超级水稻

缓／控释肥料（Slavand Controlled Release Fertilizer,SCRF）的生产和使用技术已有30多年历史,其作用是使肥料施入土壤后的释放行为与作物整个生长期的需肥规律一致,在作物生长初期供肥不过剩,在作物生长中、后期供肥不短缺,且不需进行追肥。缓／控释肥料的工艺多种多样,如利用天然存在的有机物、微溶合成化合物以及物理包膜等。物理包膜技术发展较快,包膜物料也呈多样化,如石腊、合成聚合物等,其中以肥包膜广为业界关注,如以钙镁磷肥包膜、硫磺包膜等。     

包膜型缓释/控释肥料的研究现状和发展前景

对包膜型缓释／控释肥料的一些概念、包膜材料、制备工艺及性能的影响因素等方面进行了论述，并简单分析了缓释／控释肥料发展进程和发展前景。     

包膜控释肥料研究进展

控释肥被认为是一种环境友好型肥料,不仅能控制养分释放速率与植物生长相匹配,而且能减少因肥料养分流失带来的农业面源污染。综述了国内外控释肥包膜材料研究的新进展,介绍了控释肥养分释放机制,分析了控释肥在农业生产中的应用效果和存在的问题,并对控释肥在农业上的应用前景进行了展望。     

包膜型缓/控释肥的研究现状及应用前景

阐述了包膜型缓/控释肥料的包膜类型、养分释放机理及其影响因素;论述了国内外包膜型缓/控释肥料的研究现状及其发展趋势;综合分析了我国包膜型缓控释肥料在生产和应用方面存在的问题及其解决办法.     

Preparation and characterization of triple polymer‐coated controlled‐release urea with water‐retention property and enhanced durability

Triple polymer coated with controlled‐release water retention fertilizer (TCWF) and enhanced mechanical property was developed by coating polyethylene (first layer), poly (acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) superabsorbent (second layer), and poly (butyl methacrylate) (third layer) consecutively on the granule core urea in the fluidized‐bed coater. The inner layer possessed controlled‐release property, the middle layer had water absorbent characteristic, and the thin outer layer aimed to protect the fragile layer of the superabsorbent. The relationship between the thickness of coating layer and the nutrient releasing properties was established. The effects of polymerization parameters on the water absorbency of the superabsorbent were studied and optimized as well. The nutrients release behaviors of this triple‐coated urea in both water and soil were investigated and compared. The results showed that TCWF not only performed as a good controlled‐release fertilizer but also had excellent water retention capacity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

涂布造粒技术在复合肥料厂的应用

介绍了涂布造粒技术在复合肥料增氮、涂硫和缓效化中的应用。采用该技术，可以有效提高复合肥料的产品质量，满足科学施肥的要求。     

涂布包裹新型肥料技术

对缓释肥料的概念、分类、制作方法、作用机理、释放机理、应用和评价等方面进行综述。分析我国控释和缓释肥料研制的现状和进展,重点介绍上海化工研究院开发的涂布包裹技术,及该技术用于硫基复肥增氮或尿基复肥包硫的实施情况,还介绍了开发的转鼓涂布包裹机、尿素快速熔融器等专用设备情况,指出涂布包裹技术进一步工业实施应注意的问题和方向。     

超级杂交水稻专用复合肥缓控释功能研究

根据超级杂交水稻的生长特点和吸肥规律提供一种缓／控释复合肥,分别从缓释剂的用量、干燥温度、干燥时间、包膜方式及工艺对肥料缓释功能的影响加以研究,提高了肥料利用率和农作物产量和品质,并保护了环境。     

可生物降解PBS包膜尿素缓释肥料的制备与性能研究

研究可生物降解PBS包膜尿素缓释肥料的制备与性能。以可生物降解PBS为包膜材料,通过循环流化床工艺制备PBS包膜尿素缓释肥料,经过对制备工艺进行优化,确定包膜剂PBS质量分数为5%、二次流化时间为20 min、包膜率为10%的PBS包膜尿素具有良好的缓释效果,其初期释放率为10%,第28天时累积释放率为72%,基本符合缓释肥料标准。     

土壤培养条件下控释肥高分子残膜降解特性研究

研究了控释肥高分子残膜在模拟土壤培养条件下的降解特性.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、示差扫描量热(DSC)、粘度法等方法,对添加质量分数为0%、15%的淀粉的控释肥高分子残膜的降解性能进行了分析.结果表明,控释肥高分子残膜具有降解性,在土壤培养条件下,含淀粉控释肥聚乙烯残膜较不含淀粉控释肥聚乙烯残膜更易降解.随...     

Evaluation of the morphological and release characteristics of coated fertilizer granules produced in a Wurster fluidized bed

In the present study, coated fertilizer granules were produced in a Wurster chamber of a fluidized-bed equipment for controlled-release agrochemical applications. The coating material was a commercially available latex of poly(vinylidene-chloride). The influence of the process parameters (e.g., spray rate of the polymer latex, fluidization air velocity, distance of the partition from the air inlet and perforation percentage of the plate at the air inlet) on the morphology and quality of the coating was thoroughly investigated. The surface characteristics of the coated fertilizer granules were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The release rate of the fertilizer's nutrients from the coated granules was determined by kinetic-release experiments carried out in distilled water. Depending on the selected process conditions, the coating thickness could vary from 25 to 65 μm, while the surface of the coated granules changed from completely smooth to rough and porous. It was shown that by suitable selection of the coating conditions in the Wurster process, controlled-release fertilizers exhibiting prolonged release profiles could be produced.     

普碳钢用陶瓷基高温防护涂层制备及其性能表征

采用机械混合法制备了一种针对碳钢的新型Al2O3-MgO-TiO2-CaO体系陶瓷基高温防护涂料,1300℃下可在Q235B钢表面形成致密保护层,提高钢抗氧化烧损性能.结果表明,在涂料粒度48～75μm、涂层厚度0.5mm的条件下,涂层防护性能优良.涂层的防护温度范围为900～1300℃,1300℃时比原样可降低氧化烧损59.36%,防护寿命长于8h.涂层的应用将氧化层由经典的Fe2O3/Fe3O4/FeO三层结构转变为一层尖晶石结构,同时减薄了氧化层厚度,显著降低了Fe元素的高温扩散速率.     

Biomimetic Modification of Water-Borne Polymer Coating with Carnauba Wax for Controlled Release of Urea

Benefitting from the special structure of the leaf cuticle layer, plants have natural hydrophobicity and anti-fouling abilities. Inspired by the leaf surface structure, a biomimetic modification strategy was raised to improve the surface hydrophobicity of polyacrylate coating for controlled release fertilizer. Double-layer (polyacrylate and carnauba wax) coated fertilizer was obtained after biomimetic modification. The quality of controlled release fertilizer modified with the carnauba wax was greatly enhanced, and the coating material was effectively saved. The surface appearance of polyacrylate-coated fertilizer was improved for the surface blemish was repaired by the loaded carnauba wax. The characterizations by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the hydrogen bonds were formed between the water-based polyacrylate membrane and the carnauba wax layers. By optimizing the content of polyacrylate and carnauba wax, the release duration of the fertilizer was effectively prolonged, which was improved from 1 month to more than 2 months after the biomimetic modification. Therefore, biological wax as an environmentally-friendly natural material that has showed a broad potential in the application of coated controlled release fertilizer.