基于代理的合弄智能控制结构的理论研究

通过对集中控制、递阶控制和协同控制结构的分析,概述了合弄控制的产生及其特点.合弄是合弄制造系统的基本单元,能够对内部的人员、设备、物料进行有效管理,而代理利用协作理论进行相互之间的合作.因此,两者结合将成为下一代制造系统的最佳控制结构.文中将这两个概念结合起来,构造了一种集成的代理合弄结构,并进而引入了多代理系统的协作理论及交互开发平台.     

可重构制造系统的合弄结构研究

在激烈的市场竞争和产品品种、产品数量陡变的环境中，可重构制造系统能够快速重构制造系统环境。本文采用合弄结构，对制造系统的基本结构框架进行了分析，建立了基于合弄结构的可重构制造系统的结构框架。     

基于代理的合弄智能控制及实现

概述了合弄控制的产生及特点,分析了合弄控制系统中控制单元的组成以及各自功能;结合代理和合弄的属性对合弄内部结构进行设计,融合了代理合弄控制具有的通用性,是一种相当灵活、广泛适用的先进制造模式;最后研究了基于车间控制层的合弄智能控制的理论框架与交互协作过程。     

基于代理的合弄控制系统的设计与开发

简要介绍了合弄制造系统及其框架结构,并对合弄制造系统的模块进行分析与设计,最后基于一个小型柔性制造系统,利用上述模型开发出合弄控制系统软件。     

快速重组制造系统分布式控制结构研究

制造环境的变化要求制造系统的控制结构进行相应的改进。文章通过对制造系统控制结构的分析，提出了基于现场总线的分布式控制结构，以达到系统可扩展性，可维护性，互操作性及可重组性的要求，同时给出了可重组制造系统分布式控制结构的原型。     

基于网络的智能制造系统控制机制

在分析当前制造系统的基础上,提出了基于网络的智能制造系统的分布式控制结构。并对结构中所包含的3层：交互层、任务管理层、执行层的功能结构以及相互之间的协调关系进行了阐述与说明。最后对该控制结构进行了模拟仿真,实现了制造系统的高度柔性和快速响应性。     

融合MAS的合弄制造——种先进制造模式的探讨

在深入分析代理、多代理系统及合弄体的基础上 ,提出了一种新的先进制造模式——融合了 MAS的合弄制造模式。Holon是合弄制造的基本单元 ,它能够对自身内部的人员、设备、物料进行有效的管理 ;而 agent可以利用 MAS的协作理论进行相互之间的合作。因此 ,融合了 MAS的合弄制造模式是一种相当灵活、广泛适用的先进制造模式     

融合MAS的合弄制造—一种先进制造模式的探讨

在深入分析代理,多代理系统及合弄体的基础上,提出了一种新的先进制造模式－融合了ＭＡＳ的合弄制造模式,Ｈｏｌｏｎ是合弄制造的基本单元,它能够对自身内部的人员,设备,物料进行有效的管理,而ａｇｅｎｔ可以利用ＭＡＳ的协作理论进行相互之间的合作,因此,融合了ＭＡＳ的合弄的制造模式是一种相当灵敏,广泛适用的先进制造模式。     

现代制造系统的分析

本文对当前出现的各种现代制造系统的新模式的组织结构进行了综合分析，发现：尽管这些系统的定义范围不同、考虑问题的角度不同，但它们的组织结构有明显的集成化和分布化趋向。本文分析了这种分层分布控制结构的特点，探讨了集成化和分布化的关系，认为分布化是集成化的前提，分布化与集成化相结合将使制造系统得到更大的优化。本文还探讨了我国的制造系统分布化的意义。     

动态制造环境下的可变特征制造系统自适应调度方法研究

针对动态环境下的可变特征制造系统自适应调度问题,提出了基于合弄体的自治与协调机制,将复杂制造系统的制造资源分解为若干个自治的子合弄体,通过组织不同的子合弄体构建了基于生产任务的可变特征制造系统.由于瓶颈工位的子合弄被多个生产任务共同使用,采用基于瓶颈的启发式算法对瓶颈子合弄进行调度排序,从而实现了动态环境下的可变特征制造系统自适应调度.最后给出了系统应用效果,运行结果表明所提出的方法是有效的.     

Planning and Sequencing Heuristics for Feature-Based Control of Holonic Machining Equipment

The intelligent manufacturing system program was proposed by Japan in 1989. Five participating regions—Australia, Canada, the European Community, Japan, and the United States—currently are involved in developing 21st century manufacturing technology through an investment of US $1.2 billion over 10 years. Korea joined the program and will start work on one of the six ongoing projects, holonic manufacturing systems (HMSs). The objective of the paper is to develop the control architecture of the holonic machining unit (HMU) for construction of the HMSs and to present some planning and sequencing heuristics for feature-based control of the HMU. Further, the paper provides the HMU's functionality using the IDEF0 function modeling method. The basic operation of the decision maker among the HMU's functions is to determine an efficient feature sequence in real time from the nonlinear feature graph used to represent a process plan. To this end, two methodologies are applied sequentially to managing a nonlinear process plan: removal of the OR nodes and then grouping and sequencing the features in the feature graph. Markov chain theory is used to compute the path preference indicator for removing the OR nodes, that is, for selecting the best path among those surrounded by OR nodes. The resulting graph is the AND graph, from which the feature type nodes are formed into sequenced groups. The CNC codes associated with the features in each group are combined and downloaded to the CNC machine. The development of the methodologies can help manufacturers efficiently cope with unexpected failures encountered during computer-automated machining.     

Information requirements analysis for holonic manufacturing systems in a virtual environment

The design and development of holonic manufacturing systems requires careful, and sometimes risky, decision making to ensure that they will successfully satisfy the demands of an ever-changing market. In this paper, the authors propose a methodology for a holonic manufacturing systems requirement analysis that is based on a virtual reality approach and aimed at assisting designers of such systems along the entire systems design and development process. Exploiting virtual reality helps the user collect valid information quickly and in a correct form by putting the user and the information support elements in direct relation with the operation of the system in a more realistic environment. A prototype software system tool is designed to realise the features outlined in each phase of the methodology. A virtual manufacturing environment for matching the physical and the information model domains is utilised to delineate the information system requirements of holonic manufacturing systems implementation. A set of rules and a knowledge base is appended to the virtual environment to remove any inconsistency that could arise between the material and the information flows during the requirement analysis.     

A hybrid algorithm based on particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing to holon task allocation for holonic manufacturing system

Manufacturing is currently undergoing a revolutionary transition with focus shifting from mass production to mass customization. This trend motivates a new generation of advanced manufacturing systems that can dynamically respond to customer orders and changing production environments. It is becoming increasingly important to develop control architectures that are reconfigurable and fault tolerant. A holonic manufacturing system (HMS) is a system of holons that can cooperate to achieve a common goal or objective. The holonic organization enables the construction of very complex systems that are efficient in the use of resources. This paper focuses on the dynamic re-configuration and task optimization of holonic manufacturing systems (HMS). The concept of dynamic virtual clustering is extended to the control process of a holarchy or holonic organization. A task-oriented clustering mechanism and a corresponding optimization algorithm are presented as an efficient approach to the holonic control in the HMS domain. The mediator-based dynamic virtual clustering mechanism is presented firstly. Then a negotiation strategy based on the contract net protocol is proposed for cooperative action among holons. Finally, a hybrid algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and simulated annealing (SA) for holon task allocation is described to support the optimum organization of a holarchy. The hybrid algorithm combines the high speed of PSO with the powerful ability to avoid being trapped in local minimum of SA. Simulation results show that the proposed model and algorithm are effective.     

制造领域多智能体系统的技术研究

首先讨论了多智能体、计算机支持在协同共和和公共对象请求代理体系,综述了全能制造系统、供应链管理、虚拟企业、机器人、工艺规划、调度和装配等多智能体技术。在综合大量文献和已有研究的基础上,讨人了这些方向的主要研究方法、技术和现状,并指出基于多智能体的制造系统中的方法学研究、学习机制、集成化研究、合作机制和冲突消解等拟进一步研究的领域。     

集成DNC车间的敏捷运行模式

随着信息技术的发展和敏捷制造模式研究在全球范围的展开,数控车间已不可能像从前那样完全从属于某一个企业。为使数控车间适应敏捷制造的需要,在笔者曾经提出的集成 Ｄ Ｎ Ｃ 概念的基础上,建立了面向敏捷制造的集成 Ｄ Ｎ Ｃ 车间的控制结构和通讯体系结构,提出了一种既适合我国国情又满足信息时代要求的集成 Ｄ Ｎ Ｃ 车间的敏捷运行模式。该运行模式对提高数控设备的利用率,促进敏捷制造在我国企业的具体实践,改造和搞活国有大中型企业具有重要意义。     

Application of an Autonomous Agent Network to Support the Architecture of a Holonic Manufacturing System

To remain a competitive force in the world market, manufacturing enterprises must design and produce new products in an effective way. To reduce the product launching time, manufacturing enterprises must be versatile, open to changes, and capable of designing and modifying their own facilities and processes efficiently for the design of new products. In this context, the concept of autonomous, adaptive, cognitive and cooperating entities known as "holons" is conceived which leads to the evolution of a holonic manufacturing system (HMS) where highly distributed control paradigms are adopted to alleviate the problems related to frequent process disturbances. In order to streamline the functioning of an HMS, it is necessary to form an efficient, flexible and responsive network of agents, which are intra-holonic entities that inherit the same characteristics as the holons. This network of agents can be termed an autonomous agent network. The agent is formed by the parties, which are the functional units of the holonic manufacturing system. The aim of this paper is to specify the communication protocols and subsequently synthesise and cluster the individual parties into autonomous agents in accordance with the basic constraints of a holonic manufacturing system. Here a fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm is proposed to club the parties to capture effectively the uncertainty and imprecision associated with them. Besides the grouping of the parties to form agents, the proposed fuzzy-based clustering algorithm ensures that the agents formed are more amenable to the dynamic environment prevailing on the shop floor of present day automated manufacturing systems and thus makes the essence of a holonic manufacturing system successful . Keeping in mind the imprecision, uncertainty, and conflicting nature of objectives, the proposed approach aptly models the problem, and its applicability is exemplified by a test problem. ID="A1"Correspondance and offprint requests to: M. K. Tiwari, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, National Institute of Foundry and Forge Technology, Hatia, Ranchi 834 003, India. E-mail: mkt09@hotmail.com     

基于GT的敏捷性生产组织

分析了递阶控制方式的本质行征及所存在的缺陷,指出了递阶控制方法将被新型的组织方式所取代,概括了针对递阶控制方式的缺陷所提出的几种新型生产组织方式的内涵,提出了适应于现有技术水平和市场环境的,基于成组技术的敏感性生产组织方式－工作小组,探讨了工作小组这一敏捷性生产组织构建的背景,方法以及敏捷性生产组织的特点,研究了敏捷性生产组织的运行,通过工作小组的快速重构敏捷地响应市场需求。     

基于MAS的生产过程动态调度与控制的自治组织结构及其在Internet/Intranet下的实现

针对车间调度复杂任务求解问题，提出一种基于MAS调度与控制的任务一策略与方法一制造资源三维框架结构，讨论基于MAS的采用分级递阶和并行处理相结合的自治组织结构和运作模式。利用与组织结构相对应的层次黑板结构实现各Agent之间信息与数据共享。针对基于MAS面向敏捷制造的生产过程动态调度与控制思想，提出在Internet／Intrarlet环境下的实现方法。