离子液体在分析化学中应用研究进展

在分析化学中,离子液体是经常使用的一种液体类型,其主要的原因就是离子液体具有非常多的特点,这些特点使其能够在各类化学反应中产生一些特定的现象,这也是离子液体经常在分析化学中进行使用的原因之一,例如,离子液体在现如今的有机化学合成领域和应用化学领域都有一定的应用。故此,在本文中就将对离子液体在分析化学中应用研究进展进行一定阐述和分析,并且会对离子液体的定义以及各种性质进行一定的介绍,这使得离子液体在分析化学中应用研究进展具有了一定的性质上的依据。     

水膜闪蒸真空制冰的换热特性

引言当一定温度的液体突然暴露在低于其饱和压力的环境下时,液体由最初的平衡状态变成过热状态,液体中的过热量已经不能以显热的方式来包含能量,不能继续存在于液体中,会迅速转换为蒸发潜热,形成汽泡,同时液体温度迅速下降,这个过程被称为液体的闪蒸。由于闪蒸现象伴随着大量的水蒸气生成和剧烈的温度下降,在现代工业中,闪蒸被广泛应用在海     

未知液体饱和蒸汽压的测定及估算

一、前言在一定的温度下,纯液体与其气相达成平衡的压力,称为该温度下液体的饱和蒸汽压,简称蒸汽压。一般说来,纯液体的饱和蒸汽压只是温度的函数,随液体的本性不同而异。它是物质的基本物理性质,是化工生产、科研经常用到的基本数据之一。     

DMSO溶液玻璃化过程氢键生命期特性

引言 许多液体被冷却到某个特征温度时,容易结晶,这个温度是熔融温度.这个过程中,首先形成晶核,然后晶体生长,无序的分子排列于是变得高度有序.但是只要超过一定速度降温到另外一个特征温度,液体就能避免结晶,这个特征温度被称为玻璃化温度.随着液体的温度被降到玻璃化温度以下,液体分子还是保留着无序的状态.     

英明塑料机械有限公司产品简介

钢丝缠绕胶管主要应用于煤矿,矿山,机械,化工,石油,及汽车等行业输送具有一定较高压力和温度的石油基,水基,液体。     

液体冷却温度对PP/PP-g-马来酸酐/PA6共混单丝结构与性能的影响

采用一定比例的聚己内酰胺(PA6)及增容剂对聚丙烯(PP)进行共混改性,纺制大直径单丝。通过对共混单丝的力学性能、扫描电子显微镜及热性能测试分析,研究了液体冷却成形温度对共混单丝拉伸强度、勾结强度的影响。结果表明:液体冷却温度对PP/PP-g-MAH/PA6共混单丝的力学性能具有很大的影响。随着液体冷却温度的下降,共混纤维的拉伸强度及勾结强度都得到不同程度的提高。     

应用技术

液晶——新型气相色谱固定液液晶是一类有机化合物,它在一定温度范围内呈现出介乎固相和液相之间的介晶态(Mesomorphism)。在介晶态中它具有液体的流动性和连续性,同时又具有固体的光学各向异性,这个温度范围称为相变温度范围。在这个温度范围内,它具有特殊的电场效应、磁场效应、温度效应和气体效应等特殊物理性能,其颜色或透明度随电场温度及吸附气体等条件的变化而变     

胶原纤维在[Emim]Br离子液体中溶解机理的初步研究

胶原纤维与[Emim]Br离子液体固液比一定时,考察溶解时间、溶解温度对胶原纤维在离子液体中的溶解的影响,得出在溶解温度140℃、溶解时间60 min的溶解量最大为13.9%;并通过FT—IR、SEM分析初步探究胶原纤维在离子液体中的溶解机理。     

离子液体研磨法骨骼的溶解工艺研究

氯化胆碱-尿素离子液体对骨骼中的胶原具有一定的溶解能力,采用研磨的方式,以鸡骨为原料,选择氯化胆碱-尿素离子液体进行溶解,分析实验中固液比(鸡骨与离子液体质量比)、溶解温度、溶解时间对鸡骨溶解量的影响,设计了单因素实验和正交实验。结果表明,鸡骨溶解量随溶解温度的升高而增加,但在不同溶解时间及固液比下溶解率在某一范围波动;离子液体溶解鸡骨的最佳工艺参数为:溶解时间4 h,溶解时固液比1∶25,溶解温度140℃。采用FT-IR红外光谱仪对骨骼的溶解产物及溶解前后鸡骨进行分析,初步判定鸡骨在离子液体中的溶解属于直接溶解,溶解产物为鸡骨羟基磷灰石,并确定离子液体可回收利用。     

咪唑类离子液体对微晶纤维素溶解性能的初步研究

合成了一种新的咪唑类离子液体——二氯二(3,3'-二甲基)咪唑基亚砜盐(Cl₂),并对该离子液体溶解微晶纤维素的溶解性能进行了初步研究。通过正交试验考察了不同因素对溶解性能的影响,最佳的试验条件为: 15% NaOH 溶液活化纤维素,离子液体溶解纤维素的温度为80℃,溶解时间60 min,离子液体在不含水条件下进行实验。结果表明,该离子液体对微晶纤维素具有一定的溶解性能。同时对溶解机理进行了初步讨论。     

强化泡沫驱配方的研究

在提高原油采收率的研究中,泡沫驱油以其独特的优势越来越受到重视。本实验使用Waring Blender法对强化泡沫驱配方的发泡能力和稳定性进行了检测,并对zs系列强化泡沫复合驱配方进行了探索性研究,试验中常温下的最大泡沫体积都均在750mL以上,在矿化度NaCI〉5000mg／L、CaCl：〉3000mg／L条件下,将该系列配方与两种常见的配方进行了比较,发现其中新型zs-20在常温下（20oc）发泡体积为750mL,析液半衰期达到4．5h;加入矿化物后发泡体积为700mL,析液半衰期达到2．5h;加入原油后发泡体积为700mL,析液半衰期达到1．8h,各方面效果比市面上现有的泡沫驱油剂好。     

Continous filtration: Calculation of cake impurity and liquid yield

Formulae are derived, concerning the separation of solids from liquid by a continuous filtration procedure, consisting of the filtration proper and the washing of the filter cake by a suitable wash solvent.In the derivation of the formulae it has been assumed that the mixture of solids and liquid to be filtered is prediluted with a low-viscosity liquid in order to make possible or to speed up filtration. However, the formulae can easily be adapted to cases where no predilution is used.The effect of the process variables on cake impurity and liquid yield is shown. Some numerical examples have been tabulated and plotted for practical purposes.The beneficial effect of filtrate recirculation on the degree of separation, already known in filtration practice, has been worked out quantitatively in formulae, tables and graphs.On application of the formulae to the dewaxing of lubricating oils with the aid of butanone-benzole mixtures, used both as diluent and as wash solvent, good agreement with practical results was obtained.     

Study on the cooling correction in bomb calorimetry

Through detailed analysis of the most accurate Regnault-Pfaundler formula and the current approximate formulae for cooling correction used in bomb calorimetry, two new formulae have been developed. These require much simpler procedure to determine the relevant parameters and yet possess accuracy comparable to formulae of the same type. Also, on the basis of an equation, due to Mott, relating the rate of temperature fall v in the calorimeter vessel and the relevant temperature differences, a method is proposed for evaluating v by calculation instead of actual observation. This enables the customary preliminary and after periods to be dispensed with. By incorporating the new formulae with this calculation method for v, the determination of calorific value with the isothermal calorimeter can be performed as simply as with the adiabatic calorimeter.     

Generalization of AIChE and colburn models for tray efficiency

The most important investigations on liquid weeping and entrainment in plate columns with downcomers are reveiwed. The formulae for calculating column plate efficiency under conditions of liquid weeping and entrainment have been derived on the basis of mass balance equations. The presented model is a generalization of the models of AIChE and Colburn. Sample results are shown graphically. The effect of liquid entrainment on tray efficiency predicted by the model is in agreement with experimental data of FRI.     

分子的结构与液体的溶解度参数

本文根据Bagley的溶解度参数定义,由修正的Van der Waals模型建立了一个能计算各种温度下液体溶解度参数的公式δ=(RTρm/1-Aρm+Bρm~2)~(1/2)式中ρm是液体的摩尔密度.A和B是两个相关的特性常数,对于一般小分子液体B=0.2610A~2它们都仅与分子的大小有关.本文发展了一种能从分子的结构式准确获得各种液体的特性常数A的基团贡献法,对60种液体的溶解度参数预测结果表明,计算值与实验值的平均相对误差为±0.8%.     

三相热偶合精馏过程的模拟

本文对具有双液相的精馏过程的数学模型予以修正,以适用于三相热偶合精馏过程;提出了以改进Naphtali-Sandholm法为基础的计算方法;给出了Jacobi矩阵及其所含各类子矩阵的结构和用于计算子矩阵中所有非零元素的偏导数表达式;用多相闪蒸结合自由焓比较校验存疑级上液相的分相情况.以正丁醇-水-正丙醇三元系的分离为例说明了此法的正确性,结果是满意的.     

Synthesis of Chelating Resin PETU and Its Adsorption to Ag(I)

A novel chelating resin (PETU) with thiourea groups in its main chain was synthesized by the reaction of O,O'-butane-1,4-diyl dicarbonisothiocyanatidate and triethylene tetraamine. The adsorption of Ag(I) on PETU was investigated by batch tests. The results showed that adsorption data fitted Boyd's diffusion equation of liquid film and the adsorption was controlled by liquid film diffusion. Under the temperatures between 15~60℃, the adsorption capacity decreased with the increase of temperature, and increased with the increase of initial concentration of Ag(I). The experimental data fitted Langmuir and Freundlich equations, and the correlation coefficients for Langmuir equation were between 0.9965~0.9998, and those for Freundlich equation were between 0.8211~0.9810, and increased with the adsorption temperature. DH, DG and DS calculated by thermodynamic formulae were all negative, which meant that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous, and the entropy decreased during the process. XPS results showed that N, S and O atoms were the electron donors to coordinate with Ag.     

Synthesis of Chelating Resin PETU and Its Adsorption to Ag(I)

A novel chelating resin (PETU) with thiourea groups in its main chain was synthesized by the reaction of O,O'-butane-1,4-diyl dicarbonisothiocyanatidate and triethylene tetraamine. The adsorption of Ag(I) on PETU was investigated by batch tests. The results showed that adsorption data fitted Boyd's diffusion equation of liquid film and the adsorption was controlled by liquid film diffusion. Under the temperatures between 15～60 ℃, the adsorption capacity decreased with the increase of temperature, and increased with the increase of initial concentration of Ag(I). The experimental data fitted Langmuir and Freundlich equations, and the correlation coefficients for Langmuir equation were between 0.9965～0.9998, and those for Freundlich equation were between 0.8211～0.9810, and increased with the adsorption temperature. △H, △G and △S calculated by thermodynamic formulae were all negative, which meant that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous, and the entropy decreased during the process. XPS results showed that N, S and O atoms were the electron donors to coordinate with Ag.     

Thermal properties of silicate esters

Fourteen dimethyldialkoxysilanes are prepared by reacting dimethyldichlorosilane with corresponding alcohols in the liquid phase. Their physicochemical properties are determined by standard methods and their tentative empirical formulae are elucidated. The thermal conductivity values of dimethyldialkoxysilanes are determined using a two slab guarded hot plate apparatus over a temperature range of 30–190°C. The thermal conductivity values of dimethyldialkoxysilanes calculated from empirical equations are found to vary from -14% to +19%. Because thermal conductivity is an important parameter in heat transfer calculations, and to minimise the deviation of the values, new equations involving easily measurable ultrasonic parameters have been formulated. The proposed equations have been tested for the series of dimethyldialkoxysilanes, tetraalkoxysilanes and polydimethylsiloxanes. The thermal conductivity values computed from the proposed equations are comparable with experimental thermal conductivity values. Further, an equation involving the calculation of thermal conductivity values at varying temperatures is also proposed.     

Gas displacing viscous shear thinning liquids from tubes: Effects of cooling before gas injection

The thickness of the layer left behind when gas displaces a temperature-dependent power law liquid from a tube, after a period of static cooling of the liquid to the tube wall, is evaluated in finite element simulations. On the basis of some 300 numerical simulations, the dimensionless layer thickness is correlated with dimensionless cooling time, Pearson number, Biot number and power law index in convenient formulae which will be of value in estimating the effects of a gas delay in gas assisted injection moulding.