掺杂壳聚糖复合材料的制备及用途

壳聚糖有着良好的吸附性、成膜性和通透性、成纤性、吸湿性和保湿性,在诸多领域广泛应用。近年来,人们为了得到更好的应用性能,广泛采用掺杂的方法对壳聚糖物理改性。本文综合概述了一些掺杂方法及掺杂后性能的改善和掺杂壳聚糖符合材料的用途。     

PLA抗菌/抗氧化活性包装薄膜在食品中的应用及其安全性评价

综述了聚乳酸（PLA）抗菌/抗氧化活性薄膜在食品包装中的应用及其安全性评价的研究进展,主要从PLA抗菌/抗氧化活性薄膜及其在食品包装中的应用和PLA材料的安全性评价3个方面进行了归纳总结,旨在为PLA抗菌/抗氧化活性包装薄膜研究提供参考。     

The influence of cinnamon and litsea cubeba essential oils on methylcellulose films

The aim of this study was to prepare active, biodegradable methylcellulose films and evaluate their properties after incorporating cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) and litsea cubeba (Litsea cubeba) essential oils. The properties of the methylcellulose films were modified with the addition of essential oils. The surfaces were smooth and homogeneous in all samples. The film with cinnamon oil showed higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and the film with litsea cubeba showed higher antioxidant activity against ABTS radical. The biodegradation time of the films in black sand and beach soil was 20 days. The films produced that presented the highest potential to become active packaging were the film with litsea cubabe oil as antioxidant packaging and the film with cinnamon oil as antibacterial packaging.     

Effectiveness of silane monomer on chitosan films and PCL-based tri-layer films

Chitosan films were prepared by casting from its 1% (w/w) solution. Tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), and elongation at break (Eb%) of chitosan films were found to be 30 MPa, 450 MPa, and 8%, respectively. Silane monomer (3-aminopropyl tri-methoxy silane) (1–7%, w/w) was added into the chitosan solution (1%, w/w), and films were casted. The highest TS (38 MPa) and TM (620 MPa) values were found at 5% (w/w) silane content films. Polycaprolactone (PCL) films were prepared by compression molding; the values of TS, TM, and Eb of PCL films were found to be 12 MPa, 226 MPa, and 70%, respectively. Using chitosan and silane containing chitosan films, PCL-based tri-layer films were prepared by compression molding. Chitosan (also silane-incorporated chitosan) content in the tri-layer films varied from 10 to 50% by weight. The values of TS and TM of the silane containing composites were found to be 21 and 410 MPa, respectively, which is significantly higher (40% TS and 34% TM) than control composites. Molecular interactions due to silane addition were supported by FT-IR analysis. The surface of the films and the interface of the tri-layer films were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Design and Practical Considerations for Active Polymeric Films in Food Packaging

Polymeric films for active food packaging have been playing an important role in food preservation due to favorable properties including high structural flexibility and high property tunability. Over the years, different polymeric active packaging films have been developed. Many of them have found real applications in food production. This article reviews, using a practical perspective, the principles of designing polymeric active packaging films. Different factors to be considered during materials selection and film generation are delineated. Practical considerations for the use of the generated polymeric films in active food packaging are also discussed. It is hoped that this article cannot only present a snapshot of latest advances in the design and optimization of polymeric active food packaging films, but insights into film development to achieve more effective active food packaging can be attained for future research.     

Utilization of lentil flour as a biopolymer source for the development of edible films

Lentils are one of the cheapest and most nutritional protein sources for vegetarians. Our objective in this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using lentil flour as a raw material for the development of edible films and to investigate the effects of the glycerol concentration (C_g = 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) and process temperature (T_p; 70 and 90 °C) on the physical properties of these films. The films were characterized via their density; water solubility; thermal, morphological, and chemical characteristics; water vapor permeability (WVP); and tensile and optical properties. The lentil flour films were highly transparent and had lower water solubility values yet similar WVPs and mechanical properties compared to most other biodegradable films. An increase in C_g led to the formation of more flexible films with increased hydrophilicity. A T_p of 90 °C resulted in yellower, more transparent films with increased stiffness compared to a T_p of 70 °C. In this study, lentil flour was shown to be an ideal source for edible film production. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46356.     

Food compatibility and degradation properties of pro‐oxidant‐loaded LLDPE film

To avoid environmental hazards, packaging industries are aiming to produce biodegradable films for food contact safety and its degradation. LLDPE film containing 1% pro‐oxidant additive was studied for food compatibility in different simulants, at room temperature conditions as per Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), code of federal regulations (CFR), food and drug administration USA (USFDA), and European Economic Commission directives (EEC) specifications. Overall migration values were well within the specified limits for food contact applications at room temperature filling and storing. The pro‐oxidant loaded LLDPE film was also studied for its degradation behavior with the changes in physical and mechanical properties along with thermal behavior, morphology and infrared spectroscopy. The molecular oxidations of pro‐oxidant‐loaded LLDPE films are severed which increases hydrophilicity. Evidently, the oxidation renders the material much more vulnerable to microbial attack. The combined effect of both photo and bio degradation is most effective for complete degradation of film. The results obtained from these studies revealed that the fine balance (1%) of pro‐oxidant contents in the film guarantees food contact safety and its degradation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39756.     

Physical and antimicrobial properties of quinoa flour‐based films incorporated with essential oil

Films of quinoa flour (Chenopodium quinoa, W) incorporated with oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oils (EOs) at 0.5%, 1%, and 2% p/p were prepared to examine their physical and mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The type of EO was not significant for the physical and barrier parameters of the films. The increase in the EOs concentration led to an increase in the elongation at break, but decrease in the tensile strength, Young's modulus, solubility and water vapor permeability. Films containing 1% and 2% EOs exhibited an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus and E. coli. However, S. aureus was more sensitive to both EOs and the oregano was more efficient in the inactivation to both microorganisms. The incorporation of EOs as natural antibacterial agents may lead to their potential application as active packaging materials to increase food safety. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43311.     

Laboratory antimicrobial activity of cinnamaldehyde and pomegranate‐based polycaprolactone films

Polycaprolactone (PCL) was incorporated separately with cinnamaldehyde (CNMA), pomegranate methanolic extract (PME), freeze dried arils of pomegranate (FDAP), and seed flour of pomegranate (SF) to form antimicrobial films to be used for active food packaging. PCL–CNMA films completely inactivated growth of the artificially inoculated Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, whether at 5% or 10% concentrations (wt/wt of polymer), at all studied temperatures (4, 20, and 37 °C). PCL–PME films (10% wt/wt of polymer) delayed the growth of E. coli and S. aureus for up to 7 and 6 days, respectively, at 37 °C. Two‐day delays in the growth of both bacteria were achieved with FDAP and SF films (10% wt/wt of polymer) at 20 °C. The release of CNMA was slower than the release of PME during film processing, as measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thus, CNMA and pomegranate‐based films perhaps should be planned further for use in controlled release food packaging. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45347.     

可生物降解药物载体——纳米/亚微米壳聚糖微球的制备及性能

利用聚电解质的离子凝胶反应,在溶液中壳聚糖为聚阳离子电解质与带反相电荷的聚阴离子三聚磷酸钠(TPP)发生离子凝胶反应,在合适的浓度和适当的搅拌速度下,得到亚微米级的壳聚糖微球。利用环己烷作为油相,以壳聚糖溶液为水相,配制澄清透明的W/O反相微乳清液,滴加质量浓度为5mg/mL的TPP溶液于已配制好的微乳清液中,制得纳米级壳聚糖微球。采用上述两种方法制得的纳米/亚微米壳聚糖微球用作生物降解药物载体,载药实验结果表明,释放初期无明显暴释现象,具有良好的药物缓释作用。     

Development of active cassava starch films reinforced with waste from industrial wine production and enriched with pink pepper extract

This study investigated the influence of grape stalk (GS) from the Bordo grape variety (Vittis labrusca L.) as a reinforcing agent, and pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) extract (PPE) as an antioxidant, in cassava starch (CS)-glycerol (GLY) films. The developed biodegradable films were characterized according to structural, barrier, mechanical, antioxidant and optical properties, as well as biodegradability and compared to both the control and blank films. Films containing a high GS content exhibited a significant increase in tensile strength (TS) values by 73%, whereas the films containing a high PPE content exhibited an important increase elongation (ELO) values by 20%, comparing to the control film (CO). The films containing 5.52% v/v of PPE presented an improving on antioxidant activity and barrier properties, leading DPPH and ABTS percentual radical scavenging activity by 51.79% and 58.18%, and decreasing water vapor permeability and solubility by expressive values of 34.11% and 79.43%, respectively. According to the results obtained in this study, the films using GS and PPE exhibited valuable characteristics and are an alternative for applications as a promising biodegradable packaging material.     

Permeability of ethanol solution through poly(lactic acid) film

The permeation properties of ethanol solution through poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films were investigated. The total flux of ethanol solution through PLA films was strongly depended on the flux of water. In addition, the diffusion coefficient of water was 1000 times higher than that of ethanol, and decreased with increasing feed concentration. After the permeation measurement, crystallization (X_C‐DSC = 1–2%) was observed. However, the crystallinity was not dependent on the feed concentration. On the other hand, the mole ratio of ethanol and water molecules in the PLA film strongly depended on the feed concentration. Based on the results, we concluded that the interaction with ethanol molecules caused the decrease in diffusion coefficient of water in PLA film. Thus, the permeation mechanism of the ethanol solution to the PLA film was investigated in detail. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42031.     

Rheological and Film-Forming Properties of Chitosan Composites

Chitosan (Chit) and its composite films are widely used in biomedical, cosmetic, and packaging applications. In addition, their properties can be improved and modified using various techniques. In this study, the effect of the type of clay in Chit composites on the structure, morphology, and physical properties of Chit solution and films was tested. The liquid flow properties of Chit solution with and without clay were carried out using the steady shear test. Chit films containing clay were obtained using the solution-casting method. The morphology, structure, and physical properties of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, swelling behavior, and tensile tests. The results reveal that for the Chit solution with clay (C1) containing 35 wt.% dimethyl dialkyl (C14–C18) amine, the apparent viscosity is the highest, whereas Chit solutions with other clays show reduced apparent viscosity. Rheological parameters of Chit composites were determined by the power law and Cross models, indicating shear-thinning behavior. Analytical data were compared, and show that the addition of clay is favorable to the formation of intermolecular interactions between Chit and clay, which improves in the properties of the studied composites.     

壳聚糖schiff碱的应用进展

介绍了壳聚糖的特性,制壳聚糖schiff碱的方法,叙述了壳聚糖schiff碱的催化性能和在环保、食品、医药、化妆品等方面的应用。认为应对较复杂的含杂环的醛、酮改性制备schiff碱及其在应用领域如医药的抗菌抗癌作用等作深入地研究。     

Barrier properties of paper–chitosan and paper–chitosan–carnauba wax films

A gas barrier and biodegradable multilayer material was processed with a paper substrate, chitosan, and carnauba wax. The first step consisted of the study of the chitosan coating to obtain a dense polymer layer at the paper surface. The influence of the molecular weight and the concentration of the chitosan solution were studied, and a chitosan coating of 7 g/m² was achieved, which led to interesting gas barrier properties in the anhydrous state. Nevertheless, the hydrophilic character of both cellulose and chitosan did not allow us to preserve these properties in the hydrated state. A layer of carnauba wax was then deposited on the chitosan face of the bilayer. Because of the hydrophobic character of this external layer, the water sorption in the multilayer decreased greatly, and CO₂ and O₂ permeability coefficients lower than 0.5 barrer were obtained in the hydrated state. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 704–710, 2005     

纺织用甲壳素纤维的研究进展

甲壳素及甲壳胺纤维具有生物可相容性、生物可降解性、无毒性及良好的抗菌性能等特点,已经被应用于纺织服装行业以及医用卫生材料的生产中。介绍了纺织用甲壳素及甲壳胺纤维的制备方法及几个国内外甲壳素纤维品种,分析了甲壳素纤维的应用领域。     

改性壳聚糖的应用

综述了近些年来改性壳聚糖的应用研究 ,着重介绍了改性壳聚糖在固定化酶膜材料和螯合树脂方面的应用。     

Preparation and properties of transparent,waterproof, and antibacterial composite film materials

Transparent polymer materials, such as plastics, have become widely used in the packaging industry due to their excellent properties. However, their nondegradability has led to a significant environmental issue known as “white pollution.” To address this issue, a transparent antibacterial film material was prepared using carboxymethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl chitosan as raw materials through an acid-assisted freeze–thaw strategy. The material exhibits optical transmittance exceeding 90% and a tensile strength of up to 124.1 MPa. Meanwhile, this material demonstrated excellent waterproof performance as well as antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Therefore, this film material holds promising potential for development in antibacterial food packaging.     

Nanocellulose-Polymer Composites for Applications in Food Packaging: Current Status,Future Prospects and Challenges

Nanocellulose has potential applications across the several industrial sectors and addresses a lot of issues related to environmental concern. As biodegradable filler in composite manufacturing, coating, and self-standing thin films, it offers novel and promising properties. Very few available reviews report on nanocellulose-impregnated composite materials for food packaging. Nanocellulose reinforcement is found to be promising for mechanical and barrier properties of composite for biopolymer and synthetic polymer. In this paper, we provide a thorough review of recent advances of nanocellulose synthesis and its application as a filler material for production of nanocomposites to be used for food packaging.     

壳聚糖的动物生理效应及其在饲料添加剂中的应用

综述了与饲料添加剂相关的壳聚糖的性质以及壳聚糖的动物生理效应,并综述了壳聚糖在水产以及畜禽饲料添加剂中的作用,提出开展壳聚糖在饲料添加剂中的使用方法、使用效果以及使用剂型研究,是扩展壳聚糖的饲料添加剂市场的重要途径。