工艺条件对镁合金中CaMgSn形态与硬度的影响

由于CaMgSn的形貌对Mg-Sn-Ca系合金力学性能有重要影响,因此,研究了慢冷、快冷及时效处理对CaMgSn组织形貌的影响规律.分别采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、x-射线衍射仪和显微硬度计对比分析了不同处理条件对Mg-3Sn-2Ca-3Cu合金微观组织、相结构和硬度的影响.分析结果表明：Mg-3Sn-2Ca-3Cu合金慢冷组织主要由α-Mg、CaMgSn、CuMg₂、（Cu,Ca）Mg₂和Mg₂Sn构成,其中CaMgSn为粗大的棒状相.快冷及时效处理后,CaMgSn的形态发生了明显的改变,在时效48h的时候转变为近球状形貌;时效处理后,合金的显微硬度得到了明显的提高,在时效48h的时候达到最高值HV 77.随着时效时间的延长,表现为硬度的降低和第二相与基体的脱离.     

一种高硬度铸造镁合金

设计了一种成分（质量分数/%）为Mg-8Zn-6Al-3Cu-3Ca-1.5Mn-1Si的合金,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和维氏硬度计研究了自然冷却、快速冷却及时效处理对合金显微组织和硬度的影响.Mg-8Zn-6Al-3Cu-3Ca-1.5Mn-1Si合金慢冷组织主要由α-Mg、Mg2Cu6Al5、CaMgSi、Mg2Zn3等相构成,没有出现Mg17Al12相.合金经快冷后,抑制了第二相从基体中的析出;时效10 h后,CaMgSi相以细小的块状相均匀析出.合金具有较高的硬度值,在时效时间10 h时最大HV值达到111.     

热作用对喷射沉积Mg-7Al-1.5Zn-4.5Ca-1Nd合金坯组织的影响

采用喷射沉积方法制备了Mg-7Al-1.5Zn-4.5Ca-1Nd合金,通过对沉积态合金不同温度加热处理后试样的组织观察,分析了此合金的相变及组织演变特征。结果表明:喷射沉积坯晶粒细小,组织分布均匀,组织中含有α-Mg、Mg17Al12、MgZn2、Al2Ca和Ca2Mg6Zn3等相;当加热温度从350℃升到520℃时,喷射沉积坯组织有明显的变化,Mg17Al12相溶解,Ca2Mg6Zn3分解为Mg2Ca和MgZn2相,高温时析出了新相Mg12Nd;且硬度随着加热温度的升高而持续下降。     

Zn、Y对普通凝固Mg-Zn-Y合金组织性能的影响

为了获得一种高质量的含有二十面体准晶相的准晶合金,采用金属型铸造方法制备了Mg-Zn-Y合金.利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和维氏硬度仪研究了Zn、Y元素对合金组织与性能的影响,并分析了准晶相的形成机制.结果表明,在普通凝固条件下准晶相可以直接在液相中形核并长大,合金硬度及准晶相的形貌、大小和分布与Zn、Y元素的含量密切相关.随着Zn含量的增加,Mg-x Zn-4.5Y合金硬度逐渐增大,组织中的准晶相由花瓣状向条状转变,且层片状共晶及α-Mg相逐渐消失.随着Y含量的增加,Mg-48Zn-y Y合金硬度逐渐增大,花瓣状准晶相数量逐渐增多,且层片状共晶组织变得更为致密.通过调节Zn、Y元素含量可以获得高质量准晶合金Mg-48Zn-13Y.     

Al-6Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金热处理后的拉伸与晶间腐蚀性能

为了研究不同时效处理对Al-6Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金性能的影响,研究了强化固溶后T6和T76时效处理对Al-6Zn-2M g-2Cu合金硬度、拉伸性能与晶间腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,强化固溶后与经过T6时效处理的合金相比,T76时效处理后合金的硬度并无明显变化,但合金的抗拉强度下降了4.39%,伸长率则明显上升.经T6和T76时效处理后,合金的晶间腐蚀等级均为4级.两种时效状态下合金腐蚀速率均在0~1.5 h范围内急剧增大,之后开始下降.经过强化固溶与T76时效处理后,合金的抗晶间腐蚀性能得到明显改善.     

Mg-12Gd-4Y-1Zn-0.5Zr合金的显微组织和力学性能

研究了铸态、热挤压态和热挤压加时效处理的Mg-12Gd-4Y-1Zn-0.5Zr合金的显微组织特征和室温拉伸性能.结合SEM-EDS和TEM-EDS重点分析了热挤压态的合金的相组成.结果表明:合金的铸态组织主要由αVMg基体和沿晶界分布的片层状的第二相组成,经过370℃热挤压变形后,合金中第二相的分布和形貌均发生变化,200℃,70 h时效处理后第二相分布变得不规则.并发现了两种非平衡相,即片状的Mg(GdZn)5和块状的Mg3(Gd0.5Y0.5)相.热挤压变形加时效处理后合金室温抗拉强度显著提高的同时,且具有良好的延伸率.     

固溶处理对Mg-2Zn-3Y合金组织和性能的影响

为了研究固溶处理对铸态Mg-2Zn-3Y合金组织和性能的影响,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、拉伸试验机和维氏硬度计对固溶处理后的合金进行了组织分析及性能测试.结果表明：Mg-2Zn-3Y合金中含有LPSO相和W相,随着固溶温度的升高,块状LPSO相区域逐渐出现层片状形貌,W相发生球化、粗化和重熔现象,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和硬度均呈现先升高后降低趋势;经450℃固溶12 h后,合金的强化效果最佳,抗拉强度为187 MPa,屈服强度为107 MPa,伸长率为8.0%,硬度为82.5 HV.     

Sr对Mg-5Sn-5Zn铸造镁合金组织的影响

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪研究了Mg-5Sn-5Zn-xSr（x=0,0.5,1,2）4种铸造镁合金的显微组织和相组成.结果表明：在Mg-5Sn-5Zn合金中加入质量分数为0.5%～2%的Sr元素后,不但能够缩小α-Mg枝晶间距,而且还能形成三元相MgSnSr.随着Sr含量的增加,在晶界析出的Mg2Sn相减少,晶内的MgSnSr相增加。合金中的MgZn相与Mg2Sn相依附在一起,大多数的MgZn相以α-Mg＋MgZn相的共晶方式存在.     

一种原位TiB_2颗粒增强铝基复合材料的制备及特性

以Al-6Cu-0.2Mg-1Mn合金为基体,采用混合盐原位反应法制备不同TiB2颗粒含量（质量分数分别为1%、3%、5%）的颗粒增强铝基复合材料,对不同处理状态的TiB2颗粒增强复合材料及Al-6Cu-0.2Mg-1Mn合金的相结构与显微组织进行分析,并测试其维氏硬度。结果表明,原位反应生成的TiB2颗粒能改善基体组织,阻止基体晶粒生长的方向性,得到等轴晶;随着增强相TiB2颗粒含量的增加,基体组织得到明显细化;不同处理状态3%及5%含量TiB2颗粒增强复合材料的维氏硬度均显著高于相应Al-6Cu-0.2Mg-1Mn合金的维氏硬度。     

时效处理对Al-Li二元合金力学性能的影响

采用真空感应熔炼炉制备Al-1Li、Al-2Li和Al-3Li二元合金,用金相显微镜观察其铸态组织,并用DSC确定其相转变温度。对3种合金进行固溶和时效处理,用维氏硬度计测量试样的硬度。选择具有不同时效时间的Al-Li合金进行拉伸实验,并用SEM观察断口形貌。结果表明:除Al-1Li合金外,Al-2Li和Al-3Li合金具有明显时效硬化和强化效应;Al-1Li、Al-2Li和Al-3Li合金的最大抗拉强度分别为63 MPa、162 MPa和298 MPa;合金元素Li在提高Al-Li合金强度的同时,导致其韧性降低,断裂由韧性向脆性转变。     

Effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZA84 magnesium alloy

The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZA84 (Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.25Mn) alloy were investigated. The results indicate that the as-cast microstructure of the alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg matrix and two different morphologies of precipitates (continuous and quasi-continuous Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phases and isolated Mg5Al2Zn2 phases). After solid solution treatment at 345°C, the Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phases change from continuous and quasi-continuous net to disconnected acute angle shape,...     

Sn对AX55铸造合金组织与蠕变性能的影响

为了提高Mg-5Al-5Ca(AX55)铸造镁合金基体组织和共晶组织的耐热性能,以Sn为变量设计了AX55-x Sn(x=0,0. 5,1. 0,1. 5)合金,研究了T61和T62对合金组织、硬度与蠕变性能的影响.结果表明,随着Sn含量的增加,合金基体中析出的Al2Ca相增多,使得α-M g基体得到强化.在共晶骨架相附近析出的CaMgSn相可使共晶组织得到强化.在175℃/70 MPa蠕变100 h条件下,AX55-x Sn合金的最小蠕变速率和蠕变总量随Sn含量的提高而降低. AX55-1. 5Sn合金性能最佳,且其最小蠕变速率为5. 21×10-8s-1,100 h总蠕变量为0. 065%.相比T61,T62能够提高AX55-x Sn合金的基体硬度和蠕变性能.     

Effect of low temperature aging on microstructure and mechanical properties of super-high strength aluminum alloy

The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of two alloys, namely Al- 12.2%Zn-2.48%Cu-2.0%Mg-0.15%Zr-0. 166%Ag（alloy 1）, and Al-9.99%Zn-1.72%Cu-2.5%Mg-0.13%Zr（alloy 2） were investigated. The results show that low temperature aging after promotive solution treatment can increase elongation without the loss of strength for the studied alloys. The optimum aging treatment （T6） for alloy 1 and alloy 2 is 100 ℃/80 h and 100 ℃/48 h, respectively. Compared with other heat treatment alloys, alloy 1 and alloy 2 show super-high tensile strength up to 753 MPa and 788 MPa, remaining 9.3% and 9.7% elongation under T6 condition, respectively. During aging, trace addition of Ag enhances the formations of GP zone and metastable phase, and stabilizes GP zone and metastable phase to a higher temperature. Trace addition of Ag prolongs the aging time of reaching the peak strength and delays over-aging condition of the alloy. However, trace addition of Ag promotes the formation of coarse constituent in the alloy and consumes hardening alloying elements of Zn and Mg. Moreover, the addition of the transition element Zr in 7000 series super-high alloy forms incoherent Al3 Zr dispersoid which can serve as nucleation sites for nonuniform precipitation of η phase during aging process. The higher the aging temperature, the greater the tendency for nonuniform precipitation of η phase.     

Design of an age hardening Mg-Li alloy and its aging behavior

An effort was made to design an age hardening Mg-Li alloy based on the phase diagrams calculated by means of“THERMO-CALC”-a thermodynamic software. Experiments were carried out to verify the calculated results by melting the alloy and examining its structure and aging behavior. The results show that the alloy possesses a structure constituent as expected, besides,the alloy has apparent aging behavior and over aging happens even at lower temperature. Metastable (Mg, Li, A1, Zn) phase has been identified when the hardness reaches the aging peak. With the increase of the aging time, (Mg, Li, Al, Zn) phase transforms to stable α phase and over aging happens.     

低温时效对AZ81-4%Gd镁合金组织和性能的影响

为了研究低温时效对AZ81-4%Gd镁合金组织和性能的影响,对经过固溶处理后的该合金在150 ℃下进行不同时间的时效处理,采用x-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)以及硬度测试等技术,分析了经过不同时间时效后合金的显微组织和力学性能,并用金属学理论分析了合金组织和性能变化的原因.结果表明,合金在低温时效时,β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相以连续和非连续两种方式析出,两种β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相形貌不同.分析认为,β相的析出方式及形貌与其形核长大机理有关.在实验范围内,合金硬度随着时效时间的延长而逐渐增大.     

空心陶瓷/AZ91D复合材料组织的研究

通过搅熔铸造法制备了平均粒径为100μm,质量分数为6%空心陶瓷增强镁合金复合材料（AZ91D/FAC）.研究不同质量分数的空心陶瓷对复合材料的组织的影响,利用XRD分析了AZ91D/FAC复合材料的物相,界面形貌及成分由配置能谱分析（EDS）的扫描电镜（SEM）来确定.结果表明,空心陶瓷增强AZ91D镁合金复合材料的布氏硬度比基体有较大的提高.通过O-lympus对组织的观察发现基体引入空心陶瓷后,组织细化,AZ91D镁合金铸态网状Mg17Al12消失.根据EDS分析及热力学计算,可知基体内有Mg2Si生成,界面产物为MgAl2O4.     

Microstructure and RRA treatment of LFEC 7075 aluminum alloy extruded bars

The microstructures after casting and extruding, the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity after RRA treatment of conventional DC casting and low frequency electromagnetic casting (LFEC) 7075 aluminum alloy were investigated. The results showed that finer grains which distributed more homogeneously was obtained in LFEC ingots compared with those conventional DC ingots. The extruded bars of LFEC alloy kept its fine grain features of original as-cast structure. In the RRA treatment, with the extension of second aging time, the tensile strength and hardness of alloy decreased, but the electrical conductivity increased. Meanwhile, as the second aging temperature raised, the phase change rate in precipitation also increased. Under the same conditions, extruded bars of LFEC alloy had better performance than that of conventional DC cast alloy. The optimum RRA heat treatment process was 120 ℃/24 h+180 ℃/30 min+120 ℃/24 h. The LFEC extruded bars acquired tensile strength 676.64 MPa, hardness 198.18, and electrical conductivity 35.7% IACS respectively, which were higher than that in the T6 temper, indicating that a notable RRA response takes place in LFEC extruded bars, whose second-step retrogression time was 30 min, and it was suitable for mass production.