微酸性电解水杀灭菠菜表面微生物的影响因素

采用微酸性电解水对菠菜进行杀菌处理,考察微酸性电解水对菠菜的杀菌效果及影响因素,包括不同杀菌剂杀菌效果比较、浸泡时间、处理方式及与强碱性电解水预处理、超声波辅助处理联用对杀菌效果的影响,同时对处理过程中微酸性电解水有效氯浓度(ACC)、pH值、氧化还原电位(ORP)的变化进行分析。结果表明:微酸性电解水(ACC 31.73mg/L、pH 5.92、ORP 836.5mV)的杀菌效果明显优于相同ACC的次氯酸钠溶液;随着ACC的升高微酸性电解水的杀菌效果逐渐增强,当ACC增至31.37mg/L时可使微生物数降低1.69(lg(CFU/g)),ACC继续升高至67.96mg/L,杀菌效果则无显著性增强;分别对菠菜进行浸泡处理1、3、5、10min,微酸性电解水的杀菌效果无显著性差异,随着浸泡时间的延长微酸性电解水的ACC及ORP呈显著下降趋势,pH值无明显变化;采用强碱性电解水预处理和超声波辅助处理,能使微酸性电解水的杀菌效果分别提高约0.5(lg(CFU/g))、1.0(lg(CFU/g));采用微酸性电解水浸泡处理杀菌效果优于冲洗处理。     

酸性电解水对纯培养及食品中食源性致病菌杀菌效果比较研究

比较研究不同有效氯质量浓度的酸性电解水对纯培养单增李斯特菌和副溶血性弧菌,以及人工接种到黄瓜上的单增李斯特菌和副溶血性弧菌处理不同时间后的杀灭效果。结果表明:酸性电解水分别对在纯培养条件下及在黄瓜上的2种食源性致病菌均具有很强的杀灭效果,其杀菌效果随着有效氯(ACC)质量浓度和处理时间的增加而增强。对纯培养物的杀菌实验表明:当酸性电解水ACC质量浓度为30mg/L时,0.5min内可以完全杀灭副溶血性弧菌;当ACC质量浓度为40mg/L时,0.5min内可以完全杀灭单增李斯特菌。酸性电解水处理上述黄瓜时,当ACC质量浓度为40mg/L时,1.5min内可将黄瓜表面的副溶血性弧菌全部杀灭;当ACC质量浓度为50mg/L时,2.5min内可杀灭黄瓜表面的单增李斯特菌约5(lg(CFU/g))。检测使用后的酸性电解水废液,发现其中无任何微生物残留,排放后不会对环境造成二次污染。     

强酸性电解水对猪通脊的杀菌效果研究

考察强酸性电解水对猪肉的杀菌效果、影响因素以及在杀菌过程中强酸性电解水各指标的变化。结果表明:强酸性电解水的有效氯浓度(ACC)从29.62mg/L增加到88.87mg/L,其对猪肉样品的杀菌率由88.2%上升到96.3%,杀菌率呈迅速上升,而后变化趋于平缓。用强酸性电解水浸渍猪肉10min,其体积(mL)为样品质量(g)7倍后,再增加强酸性电解水体积,杀菌效果没有明显提高。强酸性电解水处理样品8min后,细菌总数的对数从4.59下降到3.40,此后,延长浸泡时间,细菌总数变化不大。在处理过程中,强酸水的有效氯浓度、氧化还原电位和pH在1min内急剧下降,而后下降趋势变缓。     

酸性电解水对鸡白痢沙门氏菌杀灭效果的研究

家禽和禽产品中的沙门氏菌是引起人类沙门氏菌感染和食物中毒的主要潜在来源,沙门氏菌通常被认为是生产者和消费者所面临的最严重的致病菌之一.研究不同电解质种类和电解时间等参数条件下制得的酸性电解水对鸡白痢沙门氏菌的杀灭效果,确定了酸性电解水 pH 值和有效氯浓度对杀菌效果的影响.结果表明,酸性电解水对鸡白痢沙门氏菌具有较强的杀灭效果,当酸性电解水pH值小于3或有效氯浓度超过1 mg/kg 时可以100%杀灭鸡白痢沙门氏菌,且 NaCl、KCl 溶液制得的酸性电解水的杀菌效果优于 CaCl2、MgCl2溶液制得的酸性电解水.     

微酸性电解水去除赭曲霉毒素A的研究

谷物、谷类制品以及植物性食品在贮藏不当时易霉变产生赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)。在不同条件下将微酸性电解水加入OTA溶液中,采用HPLC法检测OTA的含量。结果表明,酸性电解水对OTA有较好的去除作用,且微酸性电解水的去除效果更佳。进一步研究表明,微酸性电解水在p H5.13时去除效果最好,去除率达到96.23%。随着微酸水有效氯浓度(ACC)值的增加,OTA的去除率逐渐增加,当ACC为41.75 mg/L时去除率达到96.4%。去除OTA的机理可能与微酸性电解水中的HCl O有关,OTA与HCl O分子发生取代,使得原有结构发生变化。此外,OTA的去除效果还随着料液比的减少及处理时间的增加而呈现增加趋势。在室温(25℃)条件下选用料液比1∶1、ACC值为40 mg/L的微酸性电解水处理5 min,即可去除OTA 90%以上。     

酸性电解水对鲜切马铃薯酶促褐变抑制效果研究

研究了酸性电解水对鲜切马铃薯酶促褐变的抑制效果,并进一步探究了影响酸性电解水抑制酶促褐变效果的外因。通过比较几种方式处理的马铃薯切片在不同贮藏期的褐变度,结果表明,与无处理相比,3种指标的酸性电解水均能够显著(P<0.05)抑制鲜切马铃薯的酶促褐变,其抑制效果与草酸(20mg/L)、柠檬酸(20mg/L)相当。同时研究发现,处理时间、酸性电解水的温度、处理方式(静止浸泡、流水冲洗、振荡)对酸性电解水的褐变抑制效果均产生影响,而料液比变化对酸性电解水的褐变抑制效果影响不大。处理时间为15min,酸性电解水温度为40℃,振荡处理酸性电解水的褐变抑制效果好,且振荡速度越大,效果越好。     

酸性电解水对蔬菜杀菌效果的研究

通过使用酸性电解水对豆芽进行杀菌处理,探讨了酸性电解水的用量、pH、杀菌时间、处理次数等因素对豆芽杀菌效果的影响。试验结果表明,酸性电解水的使用量不影响杀菌效果;酸性电解水的pH越小,杀菌效果越显著;处理时间越长,杀菌效果越好;多次处理的杀菌效果好于1次处理的。     

甘油混合条件下微酸性电解水对奶牛乳房炎致病菌体外抑菌效果评价

研究以微酸性电解水(Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water SAEW)为主要成分的安全、有效、低成本且能够保护乳头的乳头药浴新方法。通过体外杀菌试验方法,对不同药浴剂的杀菌效果进行了观察。SAEW(有效氯ACC 30 mg/L)、SAEW(ACC 60 mg/L)、SAEW(ACC 60 mg/L)+3%的甘油、SAEW(ACC 60 mg/L)+10%甘油的4种奶牛乳头药浴剂在杀灭大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌的试验中,反应时间5 s内,对4种奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌的杀菌率均大于81%,杀菌时间15 s内杀菌率均超过88%;这4种药浴剂的杀菌效果与常用乳头药浴剂0.5%的聚维酮碘的杀菌效果比较,发现除了有效氯30 mg/L的微酸性电解水的个别杀菌率低于聚维酮碘外,其它实验组基本上达到或超过对照组聚维酮碘的效果。SAEW加不同浓度的甘油后在不同反应时间里其杀菌率均大于96%,达到0.5%的聚维酮碘的同等效果。微酸性电解水和微酸性电解水添加甘油后在一定条件下同样达到传统杀菌剂聚维酮碘的效果,并且加入甘油后可达到保护乳头作用。     

酸性电解水前处理对鲟鱼肉冰温贮藏品质的影响

目的考察酸性电解水(acidicelectrolyticwater,AEW)前处理对鲟鱼肉冰温贮藏品质的影响。方法利用有效氯浓度(available chlorine concentration, ACC)不同的AEW处理鲟鱼块后进行冰温(–1℃)贮藏,测定贮藏期间鱼肉的菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen, TVB-N)含量、K值、pH值及硫代巴比妥酸值(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS)的变化。结果经AAC分别为67、49、36 mg/L的AEW处理后,鲟鱼块减菌率分别高达99.7%、98.9%和96.5%,且贮藏期间菌落总数始终保持ACC67组ACC49组ACC36组对照组。与对照组相比,AEW处理能有效延缓鲟鱼肉pH值、TBARS值、TVB-N值、K值的上升, ACC含量越高,延缓作用越强。结论 AEW前处理能够有效提升冰温贮藏鲟鱼肉的鲜度、延长其贮藏期,ACC67、ACC49、ACC36组分别可将鲟鱼肉冰温贮藏期延长8～11 d、6～8 d、2～4 d。     

不同清洗剂对鲜切菠菜处理效果的影响

研究不同的清洗方式处理鲜切菠菜后对其品质的影响。比较新兴清洗剂(酸性电解水和臭氧水)以及传统清洗剂(次氯酸钠)处理鲜切菠菜后样品的组织损伤情况和储藏期鲜切菠菜失重率、色度、VC含量以及菌落总数等指标的变化。结果表明10 min的处理时间内,不同清洗方式对鲜切菠菜相对电导率,丙二醛含量未造成显著影响。随着储藏时间延长,强酸电解水与次氯酸钠处理效果相近;弱酸电解水以及臭氧水处理可以更有效减缓样品失重率的上升,VC含量的下降和黄化现象的恶化,两者之间弱酸电解水在抑制微生物生长方面更具优势。     

酸性电解水去除葡萄表皮上赭曲霉毒素A的影响因素及机理研究

本研究采用实验室自制的电解水,以赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)标准溶液和模拟污染OTA的葡萄样品为研究对象,考察电解水对葡萄表皮上OTA的去除作用和酸性电解水的理化指标对去除OTA的影响,并初步探讨了电解水去除OTA的机理和可能的反应产物。结果表明:电解水中的酸性电解水可以去除葡萄表面污染的OTA,其中微酸性电解水的去除率最高,达到90%。酸性电解水的p H值和有效氯浓度(ACC)对去除OTA有显著的影响,p H值范围在5.0左右且ACC水平越高的微酸性电解水对OTA的去除率越高。此外,微酸性电解水中以HCl O形式存在的有效氯对去除OTA起重要作用。OTA经过微酸性电解水处理后生成三个主要产物,其分子式推测为C9H11Cl O3、C6H6Cl O3和C5H3Cl2NO3。该研究结果可为控制葡萄等食品原料中的OTA污染提供新的途径和方法。     

离子特性及贮藏条件对强酸性电生功能水理化性质的影响

在相同条件下对离子配比不同以及阳离子不同的电解液分别电解,测定生成水样的理化指标。研究发现,当氯离子浓度不变时,钠离子浓度成倍数增加会导致强酸性电生功能水(AEW)中有效氯浓度成倍数增加;当同时电解Cl-为35mmol/L的溶液时,KCl、MgCl2、NaCl和CaCl2四种电解质产生水样的有效氯浓度分别为90.1、74.8、56.8和48.2mg/L。另外,本文还将有效氯浓度为50mg/L左右的强酸性电生功能水在不同条件下贮藏了21d,定期测定有效氯浓度(ACC)、pH、氧化还原电位(ORP)、电导率(EC)以及溶解氧浓度(DO)在贮藏过程中的变化。结果表明,大容量器、玻璃容器和低温贮藏有利于酸性电生功能水有效氯和溶解氧的保存,密闭有利于氧化还原电位值的保持;酸性电生功能水贮藏不宜超过1周,最好在5d以内;不同电解质制备水样的贮藏稳定性由高到低依次为MgCl2、CaCl2、NaCl和KCl。     

酸性氧化电解水辅助提取槐米总黄酮工艺

为探究酸性氧化电解水对植物总黄酮提取的预处理作用,选取槐米为实验材料并采用酸性氧化电解水预处理-乙醇回流两步法进行提取。将单因素实验结果作为依据,采取Box-Behnken法优化槐米总黄酮的提取工艺,并且通过测定清除DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的能力评价其体外抗氧化活性。结果证实,酸性氧化电解水预处理过程能明显提高总黄酮得率,这是因为酸性氧化电解水中含有一定量氧化态的氯。当有效氯含量由13.61 mg/L提高到322.22 mg/L时,其总黄酮得率由7.16%提高到20.88%。槐米总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为：酸性氧化电解水有效氯浓度250 mg/L,预处理时间160.53 min,乙醇体积分数60.89%,液料比36.60:1 mL/g。此工艺下的槐米总黄酮得率达到19.67%。体外抗氧化活性研究显示槐米总黄酮提取液对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的最高清除率分别可达96.38%和92.30%,说明其具有较好的抗氧化活性,可作为一种天然的抗氧化剂。该研究成果首次将酸性氧化电解水运用于植物提取的预处理过程中,提出酸性氧化电解水预处理-乙醇回流两步法提取工艺,为得到更高的得率提供实验支撑和理论分析。     

Storage Stability of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water and Circulating Electrolyzed Water and Their Property Changes after Application

Slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) has been recognized as an effective bactericidal agent with free chlorine, but its limitations include its instability and its great dependence on equipment. Newly developed circulating electrolyzed water (CEW) with a higher available chlorine concentration (ACC) could successfully overcome these limitations. In this study, SAEW (ACC of 20 mg/L), CEW₁ (ACC of 200 mg/L), and CEW₂ (ACC of 20 mg/L) were evaluated for changes in properties (pH, oxidization reduction potential [ORP], and ACC) during storage in open or closed glass bottles under light or dark conditions at room temperature (approximately 20 °C) and after washing pork and lettuce. Additionally, the washed pork and lettuce were evaluated for total viable counts, pH and general appearance. The results showed that CEW₁ with a higher ACC has better stability than SAEW with a lower ACC for the storage and washing experiments, and CEW still remained stable after dilution with distilled water. The property indices of EW were greatly affected for the pork‐washing experiments compared with the lettuce‐washing experiments, probably due to the existence of alkaline and organic materials on the surface of pork. Furthermore, EWs were more effective for inactivating microbes in lettuce than in pork, while there was no significant difference in tissue pH and the general appearance of pork and lettuce. These findings indicated that CEW with a higher ACC shows potential for reducing foodborne pathogens on pork and lettuce without effects on their physicochemical characteristics, and it can be applied in a diluted form.     

Use of electrolyzed water ice for preserving freshness of pacific saury (Cololabis saira)

The effects of electrolyzed water ice (EW-ice), compared with traditional tap water ice (TW-ice), on the microbiological, chemical, and sensory quality of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) stored for a period of up to 30 days at 4 degrees C were evaluated. EW-ice with active chlorine at a concentration of 34 mg/kg was prepared from weak acidic electrolyzed water, whose pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and chlorine content were 5, 866 mV, and 47 mg/liter, respectively. Microbiological analysis showed that EW-ice, compared with TW-ice, markedly inhibited the growth of both aerobic and psychrotrophic bacteria in saury flesh during refrigerated storage, primarily because of the action of active chlorine. Chemical analysis revealed that EW-ice retarded the formation of volatile basic nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and reduced the accumulation of alkaline compounds in the fish flesh in comparison with TW-ice. Sensory analysis confirmed that the freshness of saury was better preserved in EW-ice than in TW-ice and showed that the saury stored in EW-ice had a shelf life that was about 4 to 5 days longer than the fish stored in TW-ice.     

Effects of slightly acidic low concentration electrolyzed water on microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory quality of fresh chicken breast meat

Anticmicrobial effect of slightly acidic low concentration electrolyzed water (SlALcEW) and strong acidic electrolyzed water (StAEW) on fresh chicken breast meat was evaluated in this study. Meat samples each of 10 ± 0.2 g in weight and 2.5 × 2.5 cm2 in size were experimentally inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19115) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) and subjected to dipping treatment (22 ± 2 °C for 10 min) with SlALcEW and StAEW. Shelf-life study was conducted for inoculated and noninoculated meat samples treated with SlALcEW and StAEW at storage temperatures of 5, 15, and 25 °C. Dipping treatment with electrolyzed water significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the background and inoculated pathogens compared to untreated controls. The reduction of 1.5 to 2.3 log CFU/g was achieved by SlALcEW and StAEW against background flora, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the SlALcEW and StAEW treatments efficacy. Comparing treated samples to untreated controls showed that SlALcEW and StAEW treatments extended the shelf life of chicken meat at different temperatures with marginal changes of sensory quality. Although SlALcEW and StAEW treatments showed similar antimicrobial effects but SlALcEW was more beneficial in practical application for its semineutral pH and low chlorine content. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Food safety issues have led to development of new sanitizers to eliminate spoilage and pathogenic organisms in food. This study provides the foundation for further application of slightly acidic low concentration electrolyzed water (SlALcEW) as a sanitizing agent in meat industry. SlALcEW can be produced on site on demand and no chemicals are necessary except NaCl solution. It does not leave any residue in food due to low chlorine concentration and it is safe to handle for its semineutral pH.     

Effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water for inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus analyzed by transmission electron microscopy

The use of different available chlorine concentrations (ACCs) of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW; 0.5 to 30 mg/liter), different treatment times, and different temperatures for inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated. The morphology of both pathogens also was analyzed with transmission electron microscopy. A 3-min treatment with SAEW (pH 6.0 to 6.5) at ACCs of 2 mg/liter for E. coli O157:H7 and 8 mg/liter for S. aureus resulted in 100% inactivation of two cultures (7.92- to 8.75-log reduction) at 25°C. The bactericidal activity of SAEW was independent of the treatment time and temperature at a higher ACC (P > 0.05). E. coli O157:H7 was much more sensitive than S. aureus to SAEW. The morphological damage to E. coli O157:H7 cells by SAEW was significantly greater than that to S. aureus cells. At an ACC as high as 30 mg/liter, E. coli O157:H7 cells were damaged, but S. aureus cells retained their structure and no cell wall damage or shrinkage was observed. SAEW with a near neutral pH may be a promising disinfectant for inactivation of foodborne pathogens.     

微酸性电解水冰对牛肉保鲜及抗氧化效果的影响

为研究微酸性电解水冰(Slightly acidic electrolyzed water ice,SAEW-ice)对牛肉保鲜及抗氧化效果的影响,本文利用微酸性电解水和0.1%茶多酚溶液分别对牛肉浸泡预处理后,将其各自存放在装有SAEW-ice和茶多酚冰(Tea polyphenols ice,Tpp-ice)的泡沫箱内,-1 ℃冰温储藏;检测样品菌落总数、pH、挥发性盐基总氮(Total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)以及硫代巴比妥酸(Thiobarbituric acid,TBA)在贮藏保鲜期间的变化。结果表明:SAEW-ice和Tpp-ice均可有效抑制牛肉在储藏期间微生物数量的增长速度,减缓pH及TVB-N的上升,Tpp-ice组菌落总数在第9 d(5.83 lg CFU/g)接近国家标准,而SAEW-ice组第12 d的菌落总数为5.76 lg CFU/g,此时并未超标;第12 d,Tpp-ice组TBA仅为0.3 mg MDA/kg,而SAEW-ice组已达0.97 mg MDA/kg。SAEW-ice和Tpp-ice处理牛肉的货架期可分别达到12 d和9 d;SAEW-ice对牛肉具有良好的保鲜效果,但抗氧化效果不明显。