椰奶菠萝复合饮料的研制

以新鲜椰奶和菠萝汁为主要原料,配制椰奶菠萝复合饮料,通过单因素试验和Box-响应面试验,对复合饮料的配方和乳化稳定条件进行了优化研究。结果表明:复合饮料的最佳配方为椰奶菠萝汁体积比值0.44、蔗糖添加量7.01%、柠檬酸添加量0.14%;乳化剂的最佳组成为蔗糖酯用量0.054%、单硬脂酸甘油酯用量0.129%、吐温-80用量0.055%;增稠剂CMC-Na的最佳用量为0.3%。在此条件下,制备出的椰奶菠萝果汁复合饮料口感适宜、稳定性良好。     

海南椰奶清补凉饮料的生产工艺研究

海南椰奶清补凉是一款营养丰富的特色小吃,但其工业化生产工艺研究甚少.本文对椰奶清补凉辅料配方、乳化剂复配、均质和杀菌等方面进行研究,优化其工业化的生产配方、工艺和稳定性.结果表明:加糖量,椰果肉与水质量比,绿豆、西米和椰果的质量比分别为10%、1:3、1:2:3时综合感官评定分最高;单甘酯、Span-20、Tween-...     

复合乳化剂对椰奶稳定性的影响

本实验研究了复合乳化剂单苷酯-蔗糖酯（2∶1）质量分数对椰奶的油滴粒径、ζ-电位以及乳析指数的影响,为椰奶的加工生产提供理论依据。结果表明,当椰奶中加入的复合乳化剂质量分数在0.15%～0.45%之间时,椰奶的粒径为300～400 nm,且分散指数为0.2～0.4,说明粒径较小,且分布均匀;当复合乳化剂质量分数为0.25%～0.45%时,ζ电位在-40～-42 mV,油滴之间的排斥力较大,椰奶的稳定性较好。而根据乳析指数以及椰奶的上浮情况,复合乳化剂的质量分数在0.35%～0.45%的乳析指数均为3%左右,上浮很少,稳定性较好。综合考虑,复合稳定剂添加量0.25%为宜。     

椰奶面包虾风味影响因素的探讨

对椰奶面包虾的影响因素进行了研究,探讨不同的风味成分对面包虾口味的影响,并采用正交实验法对各种风味成分的影响程度进行综合调整。结果表明,椰奶面包虾的最佳风味配方为:食盐添加量2.0%,椰浆的椰奶浓度1.5%,裹浆中椰子粉与浆粉的比例为1∶2.5或1∶3,裹面包屑阶段面包屑与椰丝的比例为1.5∶1。椰奶和椰丝是影响椰味面包虾风味的重要因素。     

咖啡椰奶配方研究

咖啡椰奶固体饮料,采用椰奶代替传统咖啡伴侣(植脂末)成分,既保留咖啡的香味又不含植脂末,且椰奶因其不含胆固醇,含有种类丰富的氨基酸、维生素和不饱和脂肪酸,易于被人体吸收,丰富口味的同时,增加营养性。该研究通过单因素实验与正交试验,最终确定了咖啡椰奶配方。其比例为,椰子粉62.1%、白砂糖24.8%、麦芽糊精9.3%、速溶咖啡粉3.7%。此时饮料的感官评分、口感、色泽溶解性都较好,达到了预期效果。     

SPME-GC-MS结合组学技术分析发酵椰奶特征风味与风味物质相关性

为了分析发酵椰奶特征风味与风味物质相关性,利用固相微萃取—气相色谱—质谱联用技术(Solid-Phase Micro Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,SPME-GC-MS)分别对发酵椰奶、原味椰奶和酸牛奶中的风味成分进行测定,同时进行感官评价;并且结合组学技术从感官和风味物质方面分析了发酵椰奶的特征风味。研究结果表明,发酵椰奶感官风味特征在甜味、酸味、椰子味、奶香味、乳脂味以及醇香味感官评分较高,对发酵椰奶的喜好感主要受甜味、酸味、椰子味以及香草味的影响;而相比原味椰奶甜味过高,且伴随有较浓蒸煮味。从发酵椰奶中共检测出23种风味成分,比原味椰奶和酸牛奶分别多5种和2种;相比原味椰奶,发酵椰奶中酸类和酯类物质相对含量分别减少了11.005%和11.670%,而醇类、酮类和醛类物质相对含量分别增加了6.015%,10.295%,1.975%;酸牛奶中酸类物质是其主要风味成分,比发酵椰奶相对含量高31.79%。发酵椰奶中2,3-戊二酮、3-羟基-2-丁酮等风味成分主要贡献了果香味、奶香味和焦糖气味,酯类物质主要贡献了香草味、甜味、椰子味和蒸煮味。     

几种乳化剂对核桃炼乳的乳化效果研究

针对核桃炼乳加工贮藏过程中易分层的问题,研究了单甘酯(GMS)、蔗糖酯(SE)、Span60、Tween60等乳化剂对核桃炼乳的乳化效果。得到了适宜的HLB值及适宜的复合乳化剂配方。研究结果表明乳化剂的HLB值不同,乳化效果不同。多种乳化剂复合后的乳化效果优于单一乳化剂。对核桃炼乳,适宜的HLB为8.1,适宜的复合乳化剂配方为:20%单甘酯+30%蔗糖酯+33%Span60+17%Tween60。用量为0.4%。     

植物蛋白饮料用复合乳化剂的研究

以榛子为基础研究对象,以植物蛋白饮料的稳定系数及上浮指数为指标,研究了单甘脂、乳酸脂肪酸甘油酯、聚甘油脂肪酸酯、硬脂酰乳酸钠等乳化剂对植物蛋白饮料的乳化效果,得到了较佳的复合乳化剂配方。研究结果表明,乳化剂复合后的效果明显优于单一乳化剂,复合乳化剂配比为:HLB值12,30%的单甘脂,47.25%的聚甘油脂肪酸酯,22.75%的硬脂酰乳酸钠,乳化剂总量为0.25%。     

复合酶法提取天然椰子油的研究

研究了复合酶法提取天然椰子油的工艺条件,主要采用纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和果胶酶酶解椰奶制备椰子油,经单因素实验和正交实验确定了适宜的实验条件为:即纤维素酶0.10%.木聚糖酶0.05%,果胶酶0.05%(均以纯椰奶重量计),纯椰奶加水量为40%,不调节椰奶pH,在50℃下酶解24h,酶解物在3000r/min下离心10min.椰子油的提取率可达86.65%.将制备的椰子油在55-60℃,真空度0.07～0.08MPa下干燥0.5～1h,所得椰子油的水分含量可降至0.10%以下,酸值在0.30mgKOH/g以下.     

椰奶花生颗粒饮料的研制

以高纤椰果和花生为主要原料,配以椰粉、奶粉、蔗糖、稳定剂及其它辅料,研制出口感清爽、风味独特、营养保健、品质稳定的椰奶花生蛋白颗粒饮料。本实验对生产工艺、关键技术、稳定剂选择进行研究,工艺独特,有效解决了椰果脱酸、颗粒悬浮、汤汁稳定等实际技术问题,提出较佳的配方与生产工艺参数要点。最佳配方为蔗糖14％、椰粉1.5％、奶粉2％、汤汁pH6.5;最佳的乳化剂组合为黄原胶0.2‰,SE-11为0.15％,单甘酯0.15％,吐温40为0.6‰。     

椰子乳饮料的研制

以全脂乳粉、椰浆为原料,探讨了椰子乳饮料的制备工艺条件。通过正交试验研究了椰子乳饮料产品配方及乳化稳定剂的复配方案。结果表明:椰子乳饮料最适配料为全脂乳粉5.0%、椰浆2.0%、白砂糖5.0%、椰子香精0.1%;椰子乳饮料最佳稳定剂为酪朊酸钠0.1%、结冷胶0.03%、蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.02%、单,双甘油脂肪酸酯0.08%。     

椰子油基酸奶的品质及体外消化特性研究

为开发新型酸奶,给消费者提供更多的选择,以脱脂奶粉、水、椰子油为原料,经高速剪切、高压均质制备富含椰子油的复原乳,再经灭菌、冷却、接种、发酵后制得椰子油基酸奶。探究了椰子油添加量(0%、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%和12%)对复原乳粒径的影响,对酸奶酸度、色度、持水性、感官特性、质构特性的影响,并研究了感官得分最高的椰子油基酸奶的消化特性。结果表明：椰子油添加量在2%～8%时,复原乳的平均粒径和粒径分布均无显著性差异;椰子油添加量为6%时,酸奶感官评分最高,为89.1分,此时酸奶的持水力为87.1%、pH为4.25、色度L*为89.42;体外肠消化模拟实验证明,椰子油基酸奶(椰子油添加量为6%)的甘油三酯水解率及脂肪酸释放率分别比相同含油量的传统酸奶高25.99%及13.85%。综上,添加椰子油有利于酸奶的消化吸收,且椰子油添加量为6%时制得的酸奶整体品质最好。     

压缩椰纤果浓缩椰奶的工艺研究

研究了一种椰奶浓缩的新方法,即采用压缩的椰纤果浓缩椰奶。通过试验研究出其适宜的浓缩工艺条件为：椰纤果规格1.5cm × 1.5cm × 1.5cm,椰纤果压缩比为0.3,压缩椰纤果与椰奶的用量为1:3(W/W),在25～30℃慢速搅拌的情况下浓缩30min,浓缩效率最高。在此条件下,初始干物质含量为39.0% 的椰奶,经浓缩后干物质含量可达到72.8%,脂肪含量为66.9%,浓缩椰奶回收率为84.0%。此方法可以用于乳化后的椰奶浓缩,且效果更好。     

Enzymatic synthesis of sugar esters and their potential as surface-active stabilizers of coconut milk emulsions

Sugar esters are compounds with surfactant properties (biosurfactants), i.e., capable of reducing the surface tension and promote the emulsification of immiscible liquids. On the other hand, as with all emulsions, coconut milk is not physically stable and is prone to phase separation. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the synthesis of fructose, sucrose and lactose esters from the corresponding sugars using Candida antarctica type B lipase immobilized in two different supports, namely acrylic resin and chitosan, and evaluate its application in the stabilization of coconut milk emulsions. The enzyme immobilized on chitosan showed the highest yield of lactose ester production (84.1%). Additionally, the production of fructose ester was found to be higher for the enzyme immobilized on the acrylic resin support (74.3%) as compared with the one immobilized on chitosan (70.1%). The same trend was observed for the sucrose ester, although with lower percentage yields. Sugar esters were then added to samples of fresh coconut milk and characterized according to their surface tension, emulsification index and particle size distribution. Although the microscopic analysis showed similar results for all sugar esters, results indicated lactose ester as the best biosurfactant, with a surface tension of 38.0 N/m and an emulsification index of 54.1%, when used in a ratio of 1:10 (biosurfactant:coconut milk, v/v) for 48 h experiments.     

Effect of pH and Ionic Strength on the Physicochemical Properties of Coconut Milk Emulsions

ABSTRACT:  Coconut milk (16% to 17% fat, 1.8% to 2% protein) was extracted from coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.) endosperm and diluted in buffer to produce natural oil-in-water emulsions (10 wt% oil). The effect of pH (3 to 7) and NaCl (0 to 200 mM) on the properties and stability, namely, mean particle size, ζ-potential, viscosity, microstructure, and creaming stability, of the natural coconut milk emulsions was investigated. At pH values close to the isoelectric point (IEP) of the coconut proteins (pH 3.5 to 4) and in the absence of NaCl, coconut milk flocculated, but did not coalesce. Flocculation corresponded to low surface charges and was accompanied by an increase in emulsion viscosity. Adding up to 200 mM NaCl to those flocculated emulsions did not change the apparent degree of flocculation. Coconut milk emulsion at pH 6 was negatively charged and not flocculated. Upon addition of salt, the ζ-potential decreased from –16 to –6 mV (at 200 mM NaCl) but this was not sufficient to induce flocculation in coconut milk emulsions. At low pH (< IEP), the positively charged droplets of coconut milk emulsions only flocculated when the NaCl concentration exceeded 50 mM, as the ζ-potential approached zero.     

Coconut Milk and Coconut Oil: Their Manufacture Associated with Protein Functionality

Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) is an economic plant cultivated in tropical countries, mainly in the Asian region. Coconut fruit generally consists of 51.7% kernel, 9.8% water, and 38.5% shell. Coconut milk is commonly manufactured from grated coconut meat (kernel). Basically, coconut milk is an oil‐in‐water emulsion, stabilized by some proteins existing in the aqueous phase. Maximization of protein functionality as an emulsifier can enhance the coconut milk stability. In addition, some stabilizers have been added to ensure the coconut milk stability. However, destabilization of emulsion in coconut milk brings about the collapse of the emulsion, from which virgin coconut oil (VCO) can be obtained. Yield, characteristics, and properties of VCO are governed by the processes used for destabilizing coconut milk. VCO is considered to be a functional oil and is rich in medium chain fatty acids with health advantages.     

功能性椰子酸乳的研制

本试验利用鲜牛乳为原料,通过添加适量的椰子汁,以嗜酸乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌为发酵剂,对制作功能性发酵乳进行了研究。试验结果表明,当嗜酸乳杆菌发酵剂的接种量为2%,发酵温度为37℃,发酵时间为9h,可以得到状态均匀、乳白色、透明、乳香、酸度和谐一体的酸乳。发酵结束后在4℃下储藏5d后,检测活菌数为6.58×108个/ml。     

Effect of Lipid Type on the Retention of Methyl Ketones During Spray Drying of Milk Systems

The retention of n-methyl ketones during spray drying of skim milk systems containing different types of fats was examined. Methyl ketones (C₄ to C₁₁) were blended into butter, coconut, hydrogenated coconut, soybean, or hydrogenated soybean oil and then homogenized into condensed skim milk yielding a model system 25% fat (dry basis) and 30% total solids. The model systems were spray dried and then analyzed for ketone retention by making 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives followed by high-pressure-liquid chromatography. Ketone retention increased with carbon chain length up to 2-octanone and then was constant. There were significant differences in ketone retention between fats with coconut providing the best retention and soybean oil the poorest.     

大豆-坚果奶酪类似物的制备及其性质研究

该研究采用大豆乳、腰果乳及巴旦木蛋白为原料制备一种奶酪类似物,目的是确定最佳工艺配方以制备出高品质的大豆-坚果奶酪类似物,然后评价其理化性质、感官特性、储藏稳定性和消化特性。研究结果显示：具有最佳品质的大豆-坚果奶酪类似物基本配方为（皆为质量分数）：腰果乳50.00%,大豆乳50.00%;并以植物乳质量为基准,依次添加植物油3.09%（椰子油与葵花籽油比例为7:3）、巴旦木蛋白2.01%、TG酶0.33%、柠檬酸0.10%、乳酸0.10%;以凝乳质量为基准,添加胶体1.08%、蔗糖4.00%。大豆-坚果奶酪类似物硬度值0.88 N、整体感官评分7.71分,可以与商品化动物奶酪相媲美。此外,随着储藏时间增加其硬度值从0.94 N增加到1.15 N,无明显变硬和析水现象。体外消化结果显示其蛋白电泳条带在肠道消化180 min后全部消失,游离脂肪酸释放速率为60%。因此,制备的大豆- 坚果奶酪类似物营养价值高,具有较佳的感官品质,储藏稳定性好且蛋白易于消化,能够作为动物奶酪的替代物以满足人们对奶酪的需求。