有机共混结构太阳电池的阴极界面修饰的研究进展

太阳电池阴极界面的有效修饰能改善器件中载流子的收集与传输,从而提高太阳电池能量转换效率。对于高效、稳定的有机光伏器件来说,合理选择界面修饰材料至关重要,它已成为有机光伏领域研究的重点内容。文章综述了近年来有机共混结构太阳电池阴极界面修饰的研究进展,介绍了各种阴极界面的修饰方法及原理,阐述了国内外有机共混结构太阳电池阴极界面修饰的研究现状及存在问题,为高性能有机太阳电池的研究提供了有价值的参考。     

有机太阳能电池电极修饰方法的研究进展

20世纪以来,能源问题日益成为制约世界经济发展的瓶颈。人们逐渐把目光投向可再生无污染能源,诸如太阳能、风能、生物能、潮汐能等可循环利用资源,其中太阳能的应用前景最为广阔,把太阳能转化为电能已成为现实。文章重点研究提高有机光伏电池效率的电极修饰方法,主要介绍了有机太阳能电池阴阳两极界面修饰的材料和方法,同时阐述了新的阳极材料和电池结构模型即反型倒置太阳能电池的研究进展情况,通过大量的理论和实验证明,电极修饰可极大地提高器件的光电转换效率、寿命和稳定性。     

有机双电层电容器用活性炭电极的修饰

利用石墨、炭黑、碳纳米管三种导电碳材料,对高比表面积活性炭进行掺杂修饰,制备有机电解液双电层电容器用薄膜电极。经电化学测试发现,在 1 mol/L 的 LiPF6/EC-DEC(体积比 1∶1)溶液中,经不同导电材料修饰后的活性炭电极,其单电极比容量和大电流充放电性能均有较大改善。其中,掺杂 10%(质量分数)碳纳米管的活性炭电极,在 330 mA/g 电流密度下的单电极比容量可达 81 F/g,比未掺杂活性炭电极 60 F/g 的比容量提高了 35%;电流密度从 60 mA/g 增至 330 mA/g,该电极的容量保持率为 79.4%。     

有机聚合物太阳电池电极的表面性能研究

采用多种方法对有机聚合物电池的电极进行表面处理,在测量接触角的基础上,应用几何平均法计算了电极样品的表面能和极性度,研究了处理方法对电极表面润湿性能的影响。结果表明,电极表面性能与其处理方法密切相关,等离子处理具有最小的接触角、最大的表面能和极性度,有效增强了电极表面的润湿性能,这一结果对于优化电极/活性层的界面性质,改善有机聚合物太阳电池的光伏性能具有非常重要的作用。     

有机太阳电池活性层薄膜的光电性能研究

采用旋转涂覆方法制备了常用于有机太阳电池活性层的MEH-PPV聚合物薄膜及其单层夹心结构器件,通过透射光谱测量研究了薄膜的折射率、消光系数、介电常数、光导率和禁带宽度等光学常数,结果表明该薄膜具有直接带隙半导体的光学性质,其直接禁带宽度为2.17 eV.另外,通过分析器件的电流一电压特性研究了薄膜的电导率和载流子迁移率等电学性质.这些实验结果对于有机太阳电池的结构设计及其优化具有一定的参考价值.     

Bphen/Ag/Bphen复合缓冲层对有机太阳电池性能的影响

采用Bphen/Ag/Bphen作为阴极缓冲层,制备了基于CuPc/C60的有机太阳电池,研究了在有机薄膜中加入金属超薄层对器件性能的影响。结果表明,在Bphen缓冲层中加入1 nm的Ag时,器件的电子注入和传输都得到了提高。采用常用的等效电路模型,计算了缓冲层对器件性能参数的影响。发现Bphen/Ag/Bphen可以改善有机层和电极的界面接触性能,降低器件的串联电阻。此外,测试了器件的吸收光谱,研究了复合缓冲层对器件光子吸收的作用,发现加入Ag薄层后提高了器件的光吸收能力。     

退火方式及PCBM阴极修饰层对聚合物太阳电池的影响

研究了不同退火方式及PCBM阴极修饰层对聚合物太阳电池性能的影响。与前退火相比,后退火的器件性能显著提高,电池的开路电压Voc由0.36V增加到0.60V,能量转换效率η从0.85%提高到1.93%,短路电流密度Jsc和填充因子FF也有不同程度的改善;在电池的活性层与Al电极间沉积一定厚度的PCBM阴极修饰层也能改善电池的性能,当PCBM厚度为3nm时,聚合物太阳电池在100mW.cm-2强度光照下,Voc为0.59V,Jsc为6.43mA.cm-2,FF为55.1%,η为2.09%。     

基于双层界面修饰的高性能底栅底接触有机薄膜晶体管研究

一种兼容的双界面修饰被成功应用于修饰有机薄膜晶体管的底接触电极和绝缘层界面。这种兼容的双界面修饰为首先采用4-FTP修饰银源漏电极进而提高其功函数,然后采用HMDS或者OTS进一步修饰二氧化硅绝缘层界面。结果显示场迁移率得到极大提高,其最优特性高达0.91 cm2V-1s-1。     

具有双绝缘层和修饰电极的薄膜场效应晶体管

研究了具有OTS/SiO2双绝缘层结构及MoO3/Al电极结构的有机薄膜晶体管.器件是以热生长的Si02作为有机薄膜晶体管的栅绝缘层,酞菁铜作为有源层的.OTS/SiO2双绝缘层的结构提高了器件的场效应迁移率和开关电流比,降低了阈值电压.实验表明在同样的栅极电压下,具有MoO3/Al电极的器件和金电极的器件有着相似的源漏输出电流.结果显示具有OTS/SiO2双绝缘层及MoO3/Al电极结构的器件能有效改进有机薄膜晶体管的性能.     

具有无机有机双绝缘层和修饰电极的薄膜晶体管

研究了有机薄膜晶体管器件.器件是以热生长的SiO2作为有机薄膜晶体管的栅绝缘层,酞菁铜作为有源层的.实验表明采用一种硅烷耦合剂-十八烷基三氯硅烷(OTS)修饰SiO2可以有效地降低栅绝缘层的表面能从而明显提高了器件的性能.器件的场效应迁移率提高了2.5倍、阈值电压降低了3 V、开关电流比从103增加到104.同时我们采用MoO3修饰铝作为器件的源漏电极,形成MoO3/Al双层电极结构.实验表明在同样的栅极电压下,具有MoO3/Al 电极的器件和金电极的器件有着相似的源漏输出电流Ids.结果显示具有OTS/SiO2双绝缘层的及MoO3/Al 电极结构的器件能有效改进有机薄膜晶体管的性能.     

An Efficient Triple-Tandem Polymer Solar Cell

We present an efficient triple-tandem polymer solar cell with identical poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)-propyl-1-phenyl-(6, 6)C₆₁ (PCBM) bulk heterojunction as the active layers and highly transparent Al (1 nm)/ MoO₃ (15 nm) as the intermediate layer. This intermediate layer is structurally smooth as characterized by atomic force microscopy. Although identical organic active layers are used to construct such triple-tandem cell, a tripled open-circuit voltage of 1.73 V and power conversion efficiency of 2.03% are obtained under simulated solar irradiation of 100 mW/cm² (AM1.5), demonstrating a viable technique for fabricating triple-tandem polymer cell with the intermediate layer of Al/MoO₃.     

有机太阳能电池研究进展

有机太阳能电池与无机太阳能电池相比,还存在许多关键性问题。为了改善有机太阳能电池的性能,各种研究工作正在进行,这些研究主要是为了寻找新的材料,优化器件结构。对电池原理、部分表征方法、效率损失机制、典型器件结构、最近的发展、以及未来的发展趋势作了简要描述。     

有机薄膜太阳电池的研究进展

有机薄膜太阳电池作为一种新型光伏电池,近年来得到了迅猛发展。其制备工艺简单、价格低廉、柔性、质轻,为人类解决能源问题提供了一种崭新的途径。文章综述了近年来有机薄膜太阳电池的发展状况,结合有机薄膜太阳电池的发展历史,分析了单异质结、体异质结和叠层三种典型结构器件的工作原理和研究成果,探讨了各种器件结构的优缺点,并对有机薄膜太阳电池的发展趋势作了展望。     

薄膜太阳电池的最新进展

介绍了薄膜太阳电池在光伏技术中的地位,概述了包括多晶硅、非晶硅、CdTe、CuIn1-xGaxSe2(CIGS)在内的薄膜太阳电池的发展状况.多晶硅,非晶硅太阳电池的生产技术成熟,商业化程度高,是目前太阳电池开发与应用的重点,随着技术和工艺水平的提高,CdTe和CIGS等新型太阳电池商业化必将带来能源领域的新变革.文章同时还给出了这些太阳电池的未来研究方向.     

Recent Progress in Flexible and Stretchable Organic Solar Cells

Flexible and stretchable organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted enormous attention due to their potential applications in wearable and portable devices. To achieve flexibility and stretchability, many efforts have been made with regard to mechanically robust electrodes, interface layers, and photoactive semiconductors. This has greatly improved the performance of the devices. State‐of‐the‐art flexible and stretchable OSCs have achieved a power conversion efficiency of 15.21% (16.55% for tandem flexible devices) and 13%, respectively. Here, the recent progress of flexible and stretchable OSCs in terms of their components and processing methods are summarized and discussed. The future challenges and perspectives for flexible and stretchable OSCs are also presented.     

Highly Flexible Transparent Electrodes Containing Ultrathin Silver for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells

Transparent electrodes (TEs) having electrooptical trade‐offs better than state‐of‐the‐art indium tin oxide (ITO) are continuously sought as they are essential to enable flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, a TiO₂‐Ag‐ITO (TAI)‐based TE is introduced and its use is demonstrated in an inverted polymer solar cell (I‐PSCs). Thanks to the favorable nucleation and wetting conditions provided by the TiO₂, the ultrathin silver film percolates and becomes continuous with high smoothness at very low thicknesses (3–4 nm), much lower than those required when it is directly deposited on a plastic or glass substrate. Compared to conventional ITO‐TE, the proposed TAI‐TE exhibits exceptionally lower electrical sheet resistance (6.2 Ω sq^?1), higher optical transmittance, a figure‐of‐merit two times larger, and mechanical flexibility, the latter confirmed by the fact that the resistance increases only 6.6% after 10³ tensile bending cycles. The I‐PSCs incorporating the TAI‐TE show record power conversion efficiency (8.34%), maintained at 96% even after 400 bending cycles.     

Recent Progress in Synthesis and Application of Biomass-Based Hybrid Electrodes for Rechargeable Batteries

The rapid growth in electronic and portable devices demands safe, durable, light weight, low cost, high energy, and power density electrode materials for rechargeable batteries. In this context, biomass-based materials and their hybrids are extensively used for energy generation research, which is primarily due to their properties such as large specific surface area, fast ion/electron kinetics, restricted volume expansion, and restrained shuttle effect. In this review, the key advancements in the preparation of biomass derived porous carbons using different synthesis strategies and their modifications with species such as heteroatoms, metal oxides, metal sulfides, silicon, and other carbon forms are discussed. The electrochemical performances of these materials and the ion storage mechanisms in different batteries including lithium-ion, lithium–sulfur, sodium-ion, and potassium-ion batteries are discussed. Special attention will be paid to the challenges in using porous biomass-derived carbons and the current strategies employed for maximizing the specific capacity and lifetime for battery applications. Finally, the drawbacks in current technology and endeavors for the future research and development in the field to catapult the performances of the biomass derived materials in order to equip them to meet the demands of commercialization are highlighted.     

Improved All‐Polymer Solar Cell Performance by Using Matched Polymer Acceptor

By the introduction of different building blocks and side‐chains, a series of donor–acceptor type polymer acceptors containing naphthalene diimide have been successfully prepared. The theoretical and experimental results show that the molecular design effectively tunes the energy levels, solubility, and coplanarity of the acceptor polymers. The intermolecular packing, which has been considered as a key factor in the bulk heterojunction morphology, has been adjusted by changing the coplanarity. As a result of improved morphology and fine‐tuned energy levels, a power conversion efficiency of 6.0% has been demonstrated for the optimized devices, which is among the highest‐efficiencies for reported all‐polymer solar cells. The improved device performance may be attributed to the resemble crystallinity of the donor/acceptor polymers, which can lead to the optimal phase separation morphology balancing both charge transfer and transport.