The Nature of the International Dairy Federation and Opportunities

The International Dairy Federation, a nongovernmental, nonpolitical international organization, was established in 1903. The International Dairy Federation is financed mainly by the annual membership fee from the current membership of 31 countries. Membership is accorded to countries through their National Committees representing the country's dairy interests. These Committees are the link between the member country and the International Dairy Federation. The International Dairy Federation Executive Committee deals with administrative and management matters subject to the prerogatives of the supreme body of the International Dairy Federation, the General Assembly. A permanent secretariat under the direction of the Secretary General coordinates International Dairy Federation activities and carries out the business at the International Dairy Federation House, Brussels, Belgium. The technical and scientific work of the Federation, under the guidance of the Commission of Studies, is carried out in six Commissions whose varied program of work covers all aspects of interest to the dairy industry. The advantages of IDF membership are considerable and are related to degree of active involvement, thus making for a favorable benefit to cost ratio.     

Publications of the International Dairy Federation

The work of the International Dairy Federation is well known, but it may not be so well known that it publishes many documents on subjects of dairying importance. These are generally available and can be obtained either directly from the International Dairy Federation, 41 Square Vergote, 1040 Brussels, Belgium (Tel: 010–322–733–9888) or from the United Kingdom Dairy Association, Giggs Hill Green, Thames Ditton, Surrey (Tel: 01–398–4101) at a sterling price dependent on the rate of exchange on the day of ordering.     

抓住机遇 开拓创新 第27届IDF世界乳业大会

<正>10月20日,首次在中国举办的第27届IDF世界乳业大会在上海光大会展中心隆重开幕。来自60个国家的近1400名代表参会,其中1100名国外代表,300名国内代表。FAO(联合国粮农组织)、WHO (世界卫生组织)、OIE(世界动物健康组织)、CODEX(国际法规组织)等其他国际重要组织以及来自发展中国家和东南亚地区的乳业界人士参加会议。国际乳品联合会(IDF)大会每四年举办一届,被称为国际奶业领域的奥林匹克运动会。世界乳业大会在上海召开具有标志意义,是中国乳业发展的一次成果总结。这一乳业盛会     

Nominations for Miles-Marschall International Dairy Science Award

An annual research and development award entitled the “Miles-Marschall International Dairy Science Award of American Dairy Science Association” was established in 1980. The recipient, who must be a resident of a country other than United States or Canada, receives an engraved plaque, $1,000 in cash, and travel expenses to the ADSA meeting. Selection will be made by an ADSA committee consisting of a chairperson (nonvoting) and five other members (voting). Nominations and supportive materials by Association member and world-at-large are solicitied by no later than November 1, 1985.     

世界奶业消费和贸易特点分析

本文通过世界奶业联盟(IDF)的世界奶业消费和贸易数据进行分析,阐述了2000年以来世界奶类及奶制品消费、价格和贸易的趋势和特点。     

中国乳业再次向虚假说不——中国乳制品工业协会第十次年会后记

<正> 2004年——中国乳品行业的多事之秋:巴氏与UHT之争,强势品牌遭受质疑,阜阳劣质奶粉事件、奶农倒奶事件、奶农养牛效益急剧下滑等问题的出现将超常规发展产生的问题暴露在阳光下。处在风口浪尖上的乳品行业亟需摆脱诚信危机,重塑行业形象,找到一条健康、稳定的发展之路。在这样的背景下,8月27-29日在武汉召开的中国乳制品工业协会第十次年会将“共铸诚信,理性发展”作为大会主题。     

中国乳制品工业 未来变数几何——中国乳制品工业协会第九次年会后记(一)

<正> 中国乳制品工业协会第九次年会不久前在福建厦门召开。 如今,乳制品工业日益受到各级政府和社会各界的重视,资本市场也以前所未有的兴趣关注着乳制品工业,乳制品消费已经成为城市居民膳食调整的重点,我国的乳业正经历着黄金发展时期。 “2003年度我国乳制品行业取得了巨大的成就,产量大幅度增加,经济效益明     

中国乳制品工业 未来变数几何——中固乳制品工业协会第九次年会后记(二)

<正> 随着乳制品工业的快速发展壮大,为供应商提供了广阔的市场空间。在本次年会中,记者先后采访了几家业内知名供应商,请他们谈谈各自的看法。 国际纸业 用专业来夺市场 国际纸业是一家总部位于美国,被列入美国《财富》500强的企业,在这次年会上,记者采访到其商务发展经理陈易     

WHITHER DAIRYING?

It is the hope of the Society of Dairy Technology that the following paper by the President of the Dairy Trade Federation, will be the forerunner of further papers of similar substance and interest to be given by prominent figures in all branches of the dairy industry, as well as in science and technology. ( Editor's note .)     

把脉中国乳业的“钱”途

<正> 二,奶源建设成本分析。 伊利目前已形成四块大的奶源基地。在北京、天津、上海等重点城市通过自建或收购的乳品加工厂也控制了一部分城市奶源,但销区奶源十分有限。从前景看,在呼和浩特地区越来越受到蒙牛的竞争,但该地区总体供奶量连年大幅提高,可在一定程度上抵消这种不利影响,在呼伦贝尔盟大草原及黑龙江省的奶源基地还存在较大的发展空间,但要追加投资。     

2001—中国乳业提速——第一个“国际牛奶日”前访中国乳制品工业协会理事长宋昆冈

<正> 世界粮农组织于2000年把每年的6月1日定为“国际牛奶日”。为此,中国乳制品工业协会将提前于6月1～10日举行“乳及乳制品营养周”宣传活动。 众所周知,2000年是我国乳业飞速发展的1年,乳制品年产约82万吨,比1999年增长25%;液体奶年产约150万吨,比1999年增长40%,真正实现了“超常规”的发展。     

Retrospective evaluation of health event data recording on 50 dairies using Dairy Comp 305

The purpose of this study was to characterize health data recording in herds using Dairy Comp 305 (Valley Agricultural Software, Tulare, CA), focused on the most common diseases of dairy cattle: mastitis, uterine infection (metritis), and diseases causing lameness. Herds using Dairy Comp 305 were chosen for the study because it was the most commonly used program in the United States (35% of operations using computer records/60% of cows on operations using computer records), the authors were familiar with the program, and there was convenient access to herds using the program. Specific objectives were to (1) determine the percentage of herds recording mastitis, metritis, and diseases causing lameness and the number of user-defined events used to record those diseases, (2) identify the information recorded in the remarks about the event used for each disease, and (3) evaluate the consistency of health event remarks recorded. A convenience sample of 50 Dairy Comp 305 compressed cow files was obtained directly from dairies that the authors had contact with or files obtained from industry consultants. The 50 herds included in the study were from 9 different states: California (n=3), Colorado (n=2), Iowa (n=2), Idaho (n=8), Minnesota (n=2), New Mexico (n=9), Oregon (n=2), Texas (n=2), Utah (n=1), and Washington (n=19). The average number of milking cows of the herds was 3,053 (median=2,217), ranging from 310 to 12,490 cows. The majority of dairies in this study were recording health events associated with mastitis, metritis, and diseases causing lameness. However, as reported previously, most health records observed in the current study lacked the accuracy and consistency needed to be useful for evaluating and informing herd-level health management decisions. This situation likely reflects the intended use of those records by farm personnel and the user-defined nature of health records in the absence of accepted industry standards or recommendations for health data-recording practices.     

今天的光明:中国的达能?

<正> 刚当上上海奶业协会会长,又走上四部委联合召开的“中国国际农产品深加工”论坛,王佳芬不愧当今驰骋奶业的风云人物,她的一举一动自然引起媒体的高度关注。巧的是,记者在会上不仅座位与她相近,而且在会议间歇,总是磕头碰脑的与她相遇,对“送上门”来的,尤其像王佳芬这样重量级的采访对象,记者岂敢回避,而不与之“亲密接触”?     

The international view

The relationships between the dairy industries of the UK and of other countries, both developed and developing, are considered from technical and economic standpoints. The International Dairy Federation (IDF) is a valuable channel for cooperation and the transfer of information, although its financial resources are limited and many countries with developing dairy industries are not members of IDF.     

Performance evaluation of an enzymatic spectrophotometric method for milk urea nitrogen

Our objective was to determine the within and between laboratory performance of an enzymatic spectrophotometric method for milk urea nitrogen (MUN) determination. This method first uses urease to hydrolyze urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. Next, ammonia (as ammonium ions) reacts with 2-oxoglutarate, in the presence of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (GlDH), to form l-glutamic acid, water, and NADP⁺. The change in light absorption at 340 nm due to the conversion of NADPH to NADP+ is stoichiometrically a function of the MUN content of a milk sample. The relative within (RSD_r) and between (RSD_R) laboratory method performance values for the MUN enzymatic spectrophotometric method were 0.57% and 0.85%, respectively, when testing individual farm milks. The spectrophotometric MUN method demonstrated better within and between laboratory performance than the International Dairy Federation differential pH MUN method with a much lower RSD_r (0.57 vs. 1.40%) and RSD_R (0.85 vs. 4.64%). The spectrophotometric MUN method also had similar method performance statistics as other AOAC International official validated chemical methods for primary milk component determinations, with the average of all RSD_r and RSD_R values being <1%. An official collaborative study of the enzymatic spectrophotometric MUN method is needed to achieve International Dairy Federation, AOAC International, and International Organization for Standardization official method status.     

Evaluation of Designed Calibration Samples for Casein Calibration in Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis of Milk

The determination of casein in milk by infrared spectrometry still suffers from deficiencies specific to the spectrometers used. Measurements with filtometers are based on the difference in the absorbance before and after casein precipitation. Computerised Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry allows the use of more spectral information but robust casein calibrations were achieved only with high numbers of natural calibration samples. This is expensive due to the costly reference analyses needed for calibration. To reduce effort and costs of casein calibrations we studied the usefulness of commercial calibration milks (designed for fat, protein, and lactose calibration) for casein calibrations. We tested calibration models with and without natural milk samples and assessed the validation results according to International Organization for Standardization and International Dairy Federation standards. We found the combined use of commercial designed samples and fresh natural raw milk samples a very promising approach to the partial least squares casein calibration of FT-IR spectrometers. Measurement uncertainties for casein as low as 0.020 g/100 g for the bias and 0.047 g/100 g for the standard error of prediction (on 25 validation samples of high variability) were achieved with a calibration of 38 samples. This accuracy complies with the requirements of the International Dairy Federation standard 141C:2000 for the infrared analysis of milk.     

Short communication: Identifying challenges and opportunities for improved nutrient management through the USDA's Dairy Agroecosystem Working Group

Nutrient management on US dairy farms must balance an array of priorities, some of which conflict. To illustrate nutrient management challenges and opportunities across the US dairy industry, the USDA Agricultural Research Service Dairy Agroecosystems Working Group (DAWG) modeled 8 confinement and 2 grazing operations in the 7 largest US dairy-producing states using the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM). Opportunities existed across all of the dairies studied to increase on-farm feed production and lower purchased feed bills, most notably on large dairies (>1,000 cows) with the highest herd densities. Purchased feed accounted for 18 to 44% of large dairies' total operating costs compared with 7 to 14% on small dairies (<300 milk cows) due to lower stocking rates. For dairies with larger land bases, in addition to a reduction in environmental impact, financial incentives exist to promote prudent nutrient management practices by substituting manure nutrients or legume nutrients for purchased fertilizers. Environmental priorities varied regionally and were principally tied to facility management for dry-lot dairies of the semi-arid western United States (ammonia-N emissions), to manure handling and application for humid midwestern and eastern US dairies (nitrate-N leaching and P runoff), and pasture management for dairies with significant grazing components (nitrous oxide emissions). Many of the nutrient management challenges identified by DAWG are beyond slight modifications in management and require coordinated solutions to ensure an environmentally and economically sustainable US dairy industry.     

STUDY TOUR OF DENMARK AND SOUTHERN SWEDEN, 1976

The importance of the co-operative system in the organization of the Danish dairy industry and farms is described, also the work of the Danish Dairy Federation and its many services to agriculture. The report of the tour, covering a wide range of dairy interests in its 21 visits, highlights the increase in exports of Danish cheese and butter. ( Editor's summary )