西地那非哌啶衍生物的负离子电喷雾多级质谱研究

采用负离子检测方式对 4种西地那非哌啶衍生物进行了电喷雾离子阱质谱研究。这 4种化合物在结构上的差异仅在于烷基取代基不同 ,通过比较它们之间碎片离子的异同 ,对其质谱裂解图解进行分析 ,获得了它们的结构碎片信息。在阐明化合物结构信息方面 ,这一方法与通常所用的同位素标记的方法类似。实验结果表明 ,这 4种西地那非哌啶衍生物的 ( -) ESI-MS2 质谱均产生磺酰基 S-N键断裂的碎片 ;其 ( -) ESI-MS3质谱均产生 S-C键断裂的碎片 ;其 ( -) ESI-MS4质谱均产生脱去苯环上烷氧基的烷基自由基碎片。这些特征可用于阐明西地那非衍生物及其结构类似物的结构     

哌嗪类新精神活性物质的质谱特征研究

为阐明哌嗪类化合物的质谱裂解规律,在碰撞诱导解离(CID)模式下,采用电喷雾-串联质谱法(EI-MS/MS)分析苄基哌嗪(BZP)、1,4-二苄基哌嗪(DBZP)、1-(3-氯苯基)哌嗪(mCPP)、1-(3-三氟甲基苯基)哌嗪(TFMPP)4种哌嗪类新精神活性物质,并进行质谱解析,推测各化合物可能的裂解途径.结果表明...     

A tutorial in small molecule identification via electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry: The practical art of structural elucidation

The identification of unknown molecules has been one of the cornerstone applications of mass spectrometry for decades. This tutorial reviews the basics of the interpretation of electrospray ionization‐based MS and MS/MS spectra in order to identify small‐molecule analytes (typically below 2000 Da). Most of what is discussed in this tutorial also applies to other atmospheric pressure ionization methods like atmospheric pressure chemical/photoionization. We focus primarily on the fundamental steps of MS‐based structural elucidation of individual unknown compounds, rather than describing strategies for large‐scale identification in complex samples. We critically discuss topics like the detection of protonated and deprotonated ions ([M + H]⁺ and [M ? H]^?) as well as other adduct ions, the determination of the molecular formula, and provide some basic rules on the interpretation of product ion spectra. Our tutorial focuses primarily on the fundamental steps of MS‐based structural elucidation of individual unknown compounds (eg, contaminants in chemical production, pharmacological alteration of drugs), rather than describing strategies for large‐scale identification in complex samples. This tutorial also discusses strategies to obtain useful orthogonal information (UV/Vis, H/D exchange, chemical derivatization, etc) and offers an overview of the different informatics tools and approaches that can be used for structural elucidation of small molecules. It is primarily intended for beginning mass spectrometrists and researchers from other mass spectrometry sub‐disciplines that want to get acquainted with structural elucidation are interested in some practical tips and tricks.

     

硫酸类肝素二糖的质谱裂解规律探析

硫酸类肝素结构决定了它与蛋白之间的相互作用,对硫酸类肝素结构的解析,能够进一步阐明结构与功能之间的关系。本实验采用电喷雾离子阱-多级质谱技术（ESI-MSⁿ）在负离子模式（ESI^-）下探析了12种硫酸类肝素二糖的裂解规律。实验发现：二糖中亚硫酸根的位置和数量对其在质谱分析中的稳定性起着决定作用,所含亚硫酸根越多越不稳定;N-位亚硫酸根比C-2位和C-6位亚硫酸根更容易丢失。此外,二级质谱表明,同分异构体有其特定的裂解规律。该质谱裂解规律有助于硫酸类肝素二糖同分异构体的鉴定,可为多级质谱在硫酸类肝素结构研究中的应用提供理论依据。     

西地那非衍生物的电喷雾离子阱质谱研究

采用电喷雾离子阱质谱法对4种西地那非衍生物进行了质谱研究,获得了它们的结构碎片信息,通过比较它们的异同对其质谱裂解途径进行解析,发现它们的（+）ESI-MS2质谱生成磺酰基S-C键和S-N键断裂、亚甲氧基C-O键断裂以及磺酰基重排后C-S键断裂的碎片,基峰为亚甲氧基C-O键断裂产生,其（+）ESI-MS3质谱生成脱NH3、脱CO、脱NH=C=O以及异环开裂碎片,这些特征可用于阐明西地那非衍生物及其结构类似物的结构。     

甘草酸钾盐和甘草酸钠盐的电喷雾离子阱质谱研究

用(+)电喷雾离子阱质谱对三元有机弱酸甘草酸的钾盐和钠盐进行了研究。结果显示,甘草酸的一级、二级和三级钾盐或钠盐均可产生很强的质子化分子离子峰;在甘草酸各级钾盐和钠盐的质子化分子离子的二级质谱中,可产生丢失一个葡萄糖醛酸单元的子离子,同时出现双葡萄糖醛酸单元加合相应金属离子的子离子,并且以上子离子均包含与母离子相同数目的相应金属离子。因此,(+)ESI离子阱质谱是区别甘草酸各级钾盐和钠盐的一种有效手段。另外,在甘草酸二钾和甘草酸二钠的(+)ESI-MS一级质谱中,可清楚地观察到一级盐和三级盐的质子化离子,表明甘草酸二盐在水溶液中存在分子间的离子交换     

硝基取代位点对质子化硝基苯并咪唑离子紫外光解离的影响

为探究硝基取代位点对硝基苯并咪唑类分子紫外光解离的影响,本研究通过将傅里叶变换离子回旋共振(FT-ICR)质谱仪与可调谐紫外激光器相结合,分别对2-硝基苯并咪唑(2-nitrobenzimidazole,2-NBI)、5-硝基苯并咪唑(5-nitrobenzimidazole,5-NBI)及7-硝基苯并咪唑(7-nit...     

HPLC-ESI/MS鉴定十字花科植物中完形硫代葡萄糖甙

采用高效液相色谱 -电喷雾电离串级质谱 (HPLC-ESI/MSn,n=1～ 2 )分别测量羽衣甘蓝及苔菜和样准样品中完型硫代葡萄糖的保留时间和负离子质谱 ,并用这种比较方法确认十字花科植物中 8种未知硫化葡萄糖甙。在 MS质谱中观察到硫代葡萄糖甙峰 [M-K]-,在 MS2 质谱中所有硫代葡萄糖甙都产生 m/z 75和m/z97的碎片峰 ,分别是 [S=C=N-OH]-和 [HSO4]-离子。另外还观察到了和硫代葡萄糖甙侧链有关的 [R-(C=NOH) -S]-离子。     

苯磺酰基吲哚类化合物去质子化离子的质谱裂解行为研究

为阐明苯磺酰基吲哚类化合物去质子化离子的质谱裂解机制,采用电喷雾离子源（ESI）负离子模式进行多级碎片解析。采用密度泛函理论（DFT）比较了5个3-苯磺酰基吲哚类化合物和4个2-苯磺酰基吲哚类化合物去质子化离子不同裂解过程中碎片离子的优化结构,并分析其可能的裂解机制。结果表明,两种苯磺酰基吲哚类化合物的去质子化离子可以通过不同的芳香亲核取代重排路径中性丢失SO₂生成对应的苯基吲哚负离子,或C-S键均裂中性丢失苯自由基生成对应的阴离子自由基。根据两种碎片离子的丰度比值,可以快速、简便、准确地区分上述两类位置异构体。该方法可为苯磺酰基吲哚类化合物的结构鉴定和定量分析提供理论基础。     

Detailed characterisation of sulphur and nitrogen components in a multifunctional,ashless lubricant additive by spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques

The work reported here used infrared (IR), multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and chromatographic techniques to identify and characterise a commercial sulphur‐ and nitrogen‐containing ashless multifunctional additive. The proper assignment of signals in the ¹H/¹³C NMR and IR spectra of the sample has facilitated the identification of different types of sulphur‐ and nitrogen‐containing components. The methodology involves investigation by NMR and IR spectroscopies, thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and high‐performance liquid chromatogaphy (HPLC) techniques to elucidate the types of components present. This requires the generation of NMR and IR spectral data for standard compounds of alkyl sulphides with different sulphur content and alkyl chain, and nitrogen and sulphur components such as thiadiazole, imidazoline, triazole, etc., and spectral comparison with the spectra of the unknown sample. Further, these components have been separated by silica/alumina column chromatographic and preparative TLC techniques and subsequently analysed for their exact chemical structure by spectroscopic techniques. The combined spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses have yielded the presence of four types of components: di‐t‐octyl polysulphide, di‐t‐octyl thiadiazole, a component containing amine ether functionality, and alkyl amine salts of mono/dialkyl phosphoric acid.     

高压模块性能对数字离子阱质谱仪性能的影响

数字线性离子阱质谱仪的供电高压模块的稳定度、负载变化率等参数对数字离子阱的性能有很大影响。为了研究供电高压模块对仪器性能的影响,本工作基于正在研制的便携式数字线性离子阱质谱仪,以1 mg/L苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯混合标准气体为检测对象,研究高压模块性能改进后仪器性能的变化情况。结果表明：通过增加稳压模块的方法,使离子阱质谱仪一级质谱的质量稳定性、离子响应,二级质谱的隔离效率都有较大幅度的提高;一级质谱中,离子的质量轴波动减小到之前的一半,响应值提高了10%以上,二级质谱离子的隔离效率提高了1.6倍。     

麻痹性贝毒素电喷雾质谱负离子模式分析特征

利用多级质谱技术对8种常见麻痹性贝毒素（GTX1, GTX 4, GTX2, GTX 3, dcGTX2, dcGTX3, C1和C2）在电喷雾质谱负离子模式下的分析特征进行研究。结果表明:8种目标化合物在一级质谱分析过程中均易失去1个H,形成准分子离子[M-H]^-峰（基峰）;在二级质谱分析过程中,各化合物的母离子（[M-H]^-）主要通过丢失-H₂O和-NHCO等中性碎片,形成稳定的特征子离子峰,并且同分异构体的二级质谱图有差异,可为含硫麻痹性贝毒素的二级质谱定性、定量分析提供依据。此外,对各目标化合物二级质谱的主要碎片峰进行三级质谱分析,对产生的主要特征碎片峰进行归属,并推测裂解途径。本研究可为电喷雾质谱在负离子模式下检测含硫麻痹性贝毒素提供参考和依据。     

Mass spectrometric methods for monitoring redox processes in electrochemical cells

Electrochemistry (EC) is a mature scientific discipline aimed to study the movement of electrons in an oxidation–reduction reaction. EC covers techniques that use a measurement of potential, charge, or current to determine the concentration or the chemical reactivity of analytes. The electrical signal is directly converted into chemical information. For in‐depth characterization of complex electrochemical reactions involving the formation of diverse intermediates, products and byproducts, EC is usually combined with other analytical techniques, and particularly the hyphenation of EC with mass spectrometry (MS) has found broad applicability. The analysis of gases and volatile intermediates and products formed at electrode surfaces is enabled by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). In DEMS an electrochemical cell is sampled with a membrane interface for electron ionization (EI)‐MS. The chemical space amenable to EC/MS (i.e., bioorganic molecules including proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and drugs) was significantly increased by employing electrospray ionization (ESI)‐MS. In the simplest setup, the EC of the ESI process is used to analytical advantage. A limitation of this approach is, however, its inability to precisely control the electrochemical potential at the emitter electrode. Thus, particularly for studying mechanistic aspects of electrochemical processes, the hyphenation of discrete electrochemical cells with ESI‐MS was found to be more appropriate. The analytical power of EC/ESI‐MS can further be increased by integrating liquid chromatography (LC) as an additional dimension of separation. Chromatographic separation was found to be particularly useful to reduce the complexity of the sample submitted either to the EC cell or to ESI‐MS. Thus, both EC/LC/ESI‐MS and LC/EC/ESI‐MS are common. © 2013 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 34:64–92, 2015     

电喷雾萃取电离和电喷雾电离所获一价正离子内能差异的比较研究

电喷雾萃取电离（EESI）和电喷雾电离（ESI）均属于软电离技术,但EESI比ESI更温和,能更好地保持蛋白质的构象。本研究以一价正离子为例,分别采用EESI和ESI技术对罗丹明B准分子离子m/z 443的裂解行为进行多级串联质谱研究,考察了不同碰撞能量对裂解行为的影响,建立了这两种离子源产生的离子内能差异（简称内能差异）的定量测定方法,并探讨了该方法的影响因素及适用范围。结果表明,EESI与ESI离子源的内能差异为11.5 eV。该方法可为其他不同离子源产生的离子内能差异比较提供基本思路,也可为深刻理解不同离子源产生离子的质谱行为提供参考。     

电喷雾电离-四极杆飞行时间质谱法研究三种β_2-受体激动剂的质谱裂解特征

采用电喷雾电离 -四极杆飞行时间质谱 ( ESI-Qq TOFMS)联用技术 ,对三种β2 -受体激动剂克仑特罗( Clenbuterol)、沙丁胺醇 ( Salbutamol)和盐酸 SPFF进行碰撞诱导解离 ( Collision induced dissociation,CID)研究。将三种药物标准品用甲醇溶解至 0 .1μg/m L直接进样 ,选择正离子方式进行检测。以质子化准分子离子 [M+H]+ 作为内标物 ,对碎片离子进行了准确质量测定 ,确认了这些碎片离子的元素组成 ,探讨了该类化合物的质谱裂解规律。研究发现 :它们的 ESI-MS2质谱分别生成脱去 H2 O分子、叔丁氨基等的碎片离子 ,其中叔丁氨基碎片离子 ( m/z74)为三种药物共有的碎片离子 ,这些特征可为 β2 -受体激动剂类药物的体内代谢转化和定量分析研究提供有力的依据。     

氟喹诺酮类化合物的电喷雾离子阱质谱分析

采用电喷雾离子阱质谱法在正离子检测方式下，以注射泵直接进样的方式对6种氟喹诺酮类化合物的质谱裂解行为进行碰撞诱导解离研究。获得了各化合物的多级质谱信息，通过比较各化合物结构和质谱裂解途径的异同点，发现氟喹诺酮类化合物在正离子检测方式下可生成脱CO₂、HF和CO的碎片，分别与结构中的羧基、氟原子取代基和4位羰基结构片断相对应，如果结构中7位取代基为哌嗪环，还可以生成脱CH₂＝CH-NH₂的碎片。这些特征将有助于氟喹诺酮类化合物的结构分析。     

Recent trends of capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry in proteomics research

Progress in proteomics research has led to a demand for powerful analytical tools with high separation efficiency and sensitivity for confident identification and quantification of proteins, posttranslational modifications, and protein complexes expressed in cells and tissues. This demand has significantly increased interest in capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (CE‐MS) in the past few years. This review provides highlights of recent advances in CE‐MS for proteomics research, including a short introduction to top‐down mass spectrometry and native mass spectrometry (native MS), as well as a detailed overview of CE methods. Both the potential and limitations of these methods for the analysis of proteins and peptides in synthetic and biological samples and the challenges of CE methods are discussed, along with perspectives about the future direction of CE‐MS. @ 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 00:1–16, 2019.     

基于电喷雾质谱的反应监测研究进展

电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)因具有灵敏度高、响应速度快、分辨率高、原位在线监测等特点,广泛应用于反应监测领域。本文主要从不同离子化技术角度,综述了电喷雾质谱在反应监测和机理研究方面的进展。重点介绍了在线电喷雾质谱技术,其中包括解吸附电喷雾离子化质谱（DESI-MS）、萃取电喷雾离子化质谱（EESI-MS）、纳升电喷雾离子化质谱（nESI-MS）、超声喷雾离子化质谱（SSI-MS）以及其他在线电喷雾离子化质谱在反应监测中的应用。最后,对电喷雾质谱在反应监测的发展趋势进行总结和展望。     

头孢菌素类抗生素的电喷雾多级串联质谱分析

采用电喷雾多级串联质谱技术,对头孢呋辛、头孢噻吩钠、头孢硫脒、头孢噻利、头孢西丁钠五种头孢菌素类抗生素进行了系统研究,总结了该类化合物的电喷雾质谱特征断裂机理。该类化合物在电喷雾正离子或负离子模式下,均发生C-3位侧链C-X(X=O、N、S)键的特征断裂,为头孢菌素类抗生素化合物结构鉴定提供了新方法。在负离子模式下,头孢呋辛二级质谱中β-内酰胺环发生开环断裂,与文献结果一致;在电喷雾正离子模式下,头孢噻吩钠、头孢噻利、头孢西丁钠多级串联质谱中均失去C-7位侧链上一分子CO。     

柱后辅助有机溶剂喷雾对液相色谱-电喷雾-质谱分析的影响

溶剂的组成影响电喷雾离子（ESI）化效率。该研究观察了ESI溶剂体系中不同浓度的乙腈（ACN）对MRFA、Reserpine、ΜLtramark1621、马肌球蛋白酶切肽段等标准物质的质谱信号响应强度的影响,发现在溶剂体系中,ACN浓度达到70%时,上述物质的质谱信号强度具有最大值。根据这一现象, 对传统的反相色谱-电喷雾-质谱（RPLC-ESI-MS）系统进行管路改造,在分析柱后通过1个三通阀引入适当流速的有机溶剂进行辅助喷雾。对马心肌蛋白酶切肽段混合物的分析表明,该方法可以有效提高酶切肽段的检出率,并提高鉴定蛋白质的序列覆盖率。