球磨时间对FeS/铁基合金轴承材料组织与性能的影响

以铁基粉末和FeS粉末为原料,通过机械合金化和粉末冶金技术制备FeS/铁基合金轴承材料,通过对混合粉末和烧结后试样的微观组织以及性能检测,分析不同球磨时间下FeS/铁基合金轴承材料组织和性能的变化.结果表明:机械合金化使FeS与铁基体的结合更稳定,随着球磨时间的增加,FeS粉末在铁基粉末中的分布更均匀,烧结后试样的密度...     

机械合金化FeS/Cu复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

以FeS和CuSn8Ni1粉末为原料,利用机械合金化技术和粉末冶金技术制备了FeS/Cu复合材料,探讨了不同载荷情况下所制备的FeS/Cu复合材料的摩擦学性能及润滑膜与转移膜特征。结果表明：机械合金化提高了FeS与铜合金基体界面结合性能,进而提高了材料减摩耐磨性能;当载荷较小时,摩擦副表面接触不稳定,复合转移膜不连续,摩擦因数波动大;载荷较大时,复合转移膜易破损,材料的减摩耐磨性能变差;当载荷为150 N时,载荷适宜,材料表面软化,复合转移膜更加完整,摩擦因数较小。     

铬元素添加形式对粉末冶金烧结Fe-2Cu-3Cr-0.8C合金组织和性能的影响

分别以纯铬粉、商用低碳Cr-Fe粉、自制机械合金化Cr-Fe粉等3种形式将铬元素引入到原料粉中,经700MPa压制成型和1 200℃烧结1.5h后制备得到Fe-2Cu-3Cr-0.8C合金,研究了铬元素添加形式对合金显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明:不同铬添加形式下,烧结试样的组织均以珠光体为主,同时含有少量铁素体和碳化物,其中添加机械合金化Cr-Fe粉烧结试样的组织均匀,珠光体含量较多,致密程度较高,烧结密度为7.07g·cm-3;添加机械合金化Cr-Fe粉烧结试样的综合力学性能最佳,硬度为95HRB,抗拉强度为448MPa,拉伸断口形貌主要为韧窝,其断裂形式是以韧性断裂为主的韧-脆混合断裂;添加机械合金化Cr-Fe粉烧结试样的腐蚀质量损失最小,耐腐蚀性能最好。     

高能球磨中的机械合金化机理

机械合金化是一种材料固态非平衡加工新技术。本文简单介绍了机械合金化及其发展，并主要综述了机械合金化过程中合金相的形成机理。重点介绍了以界面反应为主、扩散为主的反应机理和活度控制的金属相变机理、这几种机理从不同的角度说明了高能球磨中，粉末颗粒之间相互作用时所发生的反应方式的复杂性。     

用机械合金化制造非晶态合金粉末

非晶态材料具有优异的力学、磁学和电学等性能,并得到了广泛的应用。但是在用传统的熔体急冷法只能获得厚度约几十微米的薄带,使其应用范围受到一定限制。自1983年以来,人们采用机械合金化方法成功地获得了非晶态粉末,从而为制成大块的非晶态金属材料开辟了广阔的前景。目前国外已将这种非晶态粉末,经过低温压制,制备出了性能优异的大块非晶材料。此外,机械合金化与传统的急冷法相比,还具有非晶态形成范围大的特点,并能制备一些传统方法不能得到的新的非晶合金。本文介绍了用机械合金化方法制备非晶态Cu_(60)Zr_(40)和Ni_(50)Zr_(50)粉末的形成机制和结构分析结果。     

机械合金化改性硫化亚铁/铜合金粉末的特性

为了解决FeS/Cu粉末冶金复合材料中FeS易团聚以及界面结合差的问题,采用机械合金化技术制备了FeS/Cu复合材料粉末。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、金相显微镜等对不同球磨时间的质量分数为6%的FeS/Cu合金粉末的混合特性、压制特性及烧结后的力学性能进行检测和分析,结果表明：机械合金化可有效改善FeS颗粒与基体合金粉末的混合均匀性,烧结后材料的密度、硬度均得到提高,FeS和Cu界面结合良好;由于FeS颗粒均匀弥散地分布在铜合金基体中,割裂了基体材料的连续性,反而使复合材料的韧性和压溃强度有所降低。     

纳米晶NiAl的机械合金化合成及块体材料力学性能

利用机械合金化和高温热压工艺制备NiAl纳米晶体材料。NiAl的反应生成归结于机械碰撞诱发的爆炸反应机制。纳米晶NiAl的室温强度和塑性都高于普通粗晶NiAl。     

TiC的型制备方法

自蔓延法和机械合金化法已被广泛地应用于制备新材料，介绍了自蔓延法和机械合金化法及其诱导自蔓延法制备ＴｉＣ的过程和影响因素。     

TiC的新型制备方法

自蔓延法和机械合金化法已被广泛地应用于制备新材料.介绍了自蔓延法和机械合金化法及其诱导自蔓延法制备TiC的过程和影响因素.     

机械工程材料2001年总目次

·院士专稿·期 (页 )中国模具钢现状及发展 1( 1)…………………………………………中国模具钢现状及发展 2 ( 1)…………………………………………强韧微合金非调质钢的研究动向 3( 1)………………………………室温磁致冷材料的研究进展 4( 1)……………………………………机械合金化制备亚稳材料 5 ( 1)………………………………………问题分析方法 7( 1)……………………………………………………·综　述·镁合金的开发与应用 1( 6 )……………………………………………高强度低合金中厚钢板的现状与发展 2 ( 4 )……………………………     

机械合金化法制备Finemet非晶粉体的研究

利用高能卧式搅拌球磨机,研究了利用机械合金化法制备Finemet非晶粉体的工艺,研究结果表明,通过高速球磨可以得到部分非晶粉体。非晶化机制是局域熔体的快速冷却,粉体结块和粘壁,是机械合金化法制备高纯度Finemet非晶粉体的主要阻碍因素。     

基体成分对Fe_3Al基复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

采用热压烧结法制备一种新型Fe3A l基复合材料,讨论基体成分对其摩擦学性能的影响。研究结果表明:本实验中,Fe3A l粉体的最佳球磨时间为60 h;随着A l含量提高,Fe3A l基复合材料的摩擦因数略有降低但耐磨性明显提高,合金元素Cr的加入有效地改善了材料的摩擦学性能,以Fe-28A l作为摩擦材料的基体即可很好地满足性能要求;Cu作为基体中的软相,摩擦因数随游离Cu含量的增加呈上升趋势但摩擦稳定性变差,且耐磨性降低,Cu含量的最佳范围为12%~18%(质量分数),随着石墨含量的增加,材料的摩擦因数和磨损率都下降,但石墨含量过高会导致材料性能恶化,石墨的最佳含量为8%~12%(质量分数)。     

Microstructure and wear resistance of low temperature hot pressed TiB2

Fine-grained TiB₂ compacts have been hot pressed to 98–99% theoretical density at 1400 °C. The compacts were consolidated from sub-micron powders prepared by a high-energy ball milling technique. Titanium diboride (TiB₂) powders were obtained from the milling of commercially synthesized TiB₂ and also from the mechanical alloying (MA) of Ti and B precursors. The formation of TiB₂ from Ti and B powders by mechanical alloying was found to reach completion after 3 h, and wear debris from steel mill vials and media introduced 0.8 to 1.5 wt% Fe in the sintered compacts. The dry erosion resistance of the highest density compacts was examined using an ASTM standard test with an abrasive jet of Al₂O₃ impinging at a normal angle of incidence. Steady-state erosion rates of 0.5 mm³/kg of erodent compare favorably with the measured value of 9 mm³/kg for commercial, fine-grained WC–Co cermets under identical conditions. Microstructures, fracture surfaces, and erosion craters were also examined by electron microscopy.     

铁-硅-铝合金吸波材料的制备及其性能

以高纯铁、硅、铝粉为原料,采用机械合金化(MA)法制备了铁-硅-铝合金粉,用XRD和矢量网络分析仪分别研究了不同球磨时间粉体的物相组成和铁-硅-铝合金吸波材料在1～18 GHz频率范围内的电磁性能.结果表明:用MA法制备铁-硅-铝合金粉的完全合金化时间为80 h;制备的铁-硅-铝合金粉比原始铁粉具有更优异的电磁性能;铁-硅-铝合金体积分数为43%的吸波材料,在厚度为3mm时,在2～4 GHz频段内具有较低的反射率,在3 GHz处反射率最小为-16 dB.     

机械合金化-退火法制备两相区铝钌合金粉

采用机械合金化-退火法制备了钌质量分数为50%的纳米铝钌合金粉,研究了在机械合金化过程中合金粉的物相组成、平均晶粒尺寸和微观应变随球磨时间的变化规律,并分析了退火温度和退火时间对合金粉物相组成的影响.结果表明:随着球磨时间的延长,合金粉的平均晶粒尺寸不断减小,微观应变先增大后减小;球磨50 h后铝原子全部固溶于钌中,形成Ru(A1)固溶体;退火处理使Ru(A1)固溶体转变成铝钌金属间化合物,微观应变降低;550℃退火主要生成A12Ru和A15Ru2两种金属间化合物相,700℃退火主要生成A12Ru、A113Ru4和少量A15Ru2金属间化合物相;退火时间对合金粉的物相组成影响不大.     

Synthesis and characterization of permalloy-reinforced Al2O3 nanocomposite powders by mechanical alloying

Intermetallics of Fe and Ni, which are known as permalloy, are under attention due to their excellent magnetic performance. Besides, mechanical properties of the materials can be improved by decreasing crystallite size of FeNi intermetallics or by reinforcing them with hard secondary phases such as Al₂O₃. In this study, FeNi–Al₂O₃ nanocomposite powders with three different compositions were successfully synthesized through mechanical alloying of Fe₂O₃, Ni, and Al powders mixture. Characterization of the samples was accomplished by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Effects of various parameters such as chemical composition of received materials, milling time, and annealing on the phase evolution, morphology, and microhardness of samples were investigated. It was found that by the addition of Fe as diluent, the required milling time for formation of FeNi intermetallic increased. By increasing milling time, mean crystallite size of FeNi decreased and reach to about 28 nm for FeNi-30 wt% Al₂O₃ nanocomposite powder sample. TEM observations also showed that in situ-formed Al₂O₃ particles, with particle size of about 65 nm, were uniformly dispersed within FeNi matrix.     

A study of densification and on factors affecting the density of Ni x –Fe100 − x nanopowders prepared by mechanical alloying and sintered by spark plasma

Mechanical alloying through high-energy ball milling was used in the production of Ni–Fe alloy powders from elemental Ni and Fe powders of average particle size 80 and 25 μm, respectively. High-energy planetary ball milling at room temperature was performed for various time durations ranging between 2 and 100 h. SPS apparatus was used for sintering of powder particles. Density of all specimens was reported and a maximum densification of 99 % was achieved in 50 wt.% Ni–Fe milled for 16 h prior to spark plasma sintering at 1,223 K.     

Effect of powder thixoforging process on microstructural and mechanical properties of recycled 520 aluminum alloy

In this paper, reusing Al alloy chips via novel recycling process of powder thixoforging (PTF) is presented. PTF is a direct machining chips conversion method with partial melting into high quality final products with improved mechanical properties compared to parent alloy. 520.0 Al alloy powders from milling chips were produced via mechanical alloying (MA). The PTF product exhibited remarkable combination of mechanical properties of 168 HV hardness, compression yield strength (CYS) of 515 MPa, ultimate compression strength (UCS) of 1121MPa, and substantial fracture plastic strain of 45 %. Additionally, the PTF product showed relative weight reduction of 55.7 %. As a consequence, the microstructure refinement and modification during PTF have significant effects on dramatic improvement of mechanical properties, leading to considerable combination of superior strength and ductility.     

Determining the effect of process parameters on particle size in mechanical milling using the Taguchi method: Measurement and analysis

Micro and nano-particles have been successfully and widely applied in many industrial applications. The mechanical milling process is a popular technique used to produce micro and nano-particles. Therefore, it is very important to improve milling process efficiency and quality by determining the optimal milling parameters. In this study, the effects of the main mechanical milling parameters: milling time, process control agent (PCA), ball to powder ratio (BPR) and milling speed in the planetary ball milling of nanocrystalline Al 2024 powder were optimized by the Taguchi method. Mean particle size (d₅₀) was used to evaluate the effect of process parameters on the mechanical milling process. The orthogonal array experiment is conducted to economically obtain the response measurements. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and main effect plot are used to determine the significant parameters and set the optimal level for each parameter. The as-received and milled powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a laser particle size analyzer, respectively. The results indicate that the process control agent significantly affects (84% contribution) the mean particle size (d₅₀) while other parameters have a lower effect (16% contribution). The developed model can be used in the mechanical milling processes in order to determine the optimum milling parameters for minimum particle size.