基于Testbed的C++单元测试(动态测试)方法

自动化单元测试是保障通信类软件质量的重要手段,业界没有什么普适性方法。但通常是借助于第三方工具。本文介绍的Testbed测试工具套件是通第三方认证公司认可的安全软件测试工具,能够支持多种语言的自动化测试．本文主要介绍了如何使用TESTBED测试工具对C＋＋代码进行单元测试,对测试方法进行介绍,并从工程实践的角度,进行了测试步骤分解,最后从软件开发和项目管理的角度对单元测试的组织给出了建议。     

Reengineering legacy applications into software product lines: a systematic mapping

Software Product Lines (SPLs) are families of systems that share common assets allowing a disciplined reuse. Rarely SPLs start from scratch, instead they usually start from a set of existing systems that undergo a reengineering process. Many approaches to conduct the reengineering process have been proposed and documented in research literature. This scenario is a clear testament to the interest in this research area. We conducted a systematic mapping study to provide an overview of the current research on reengineering of existing systems to SPLs, identify the community activity in regarding of venues and frequency of publications in this field, and point out trends and open issues that could serve as references for future research. This study identified 119 relevant publications. These primary sources were classified in six different dimensions related to reengineering phases, strategies applied, types of systems used in the evaluation, input artefacts, output artefacts, and tool support. The analysis of the results points out the existence of a consolidate community on this topic and a wide range of strategies to deal with different phases and tasks of the reengineering process, besides the availability of some tools. We identify some open issues and areas for future research such as the implementation of automation and tool support, the use of different sources of information, need for improvements in the feature management, the definition of ways to combine different strategies and methods, lack of sophisticated refactoring, need for new metrics and measures and more robust empirical evaluation. Reengineering of existing systems into SPLs is an active research topic with real benefits in practice. This mapping study motivates new research in this field as well as the adoption of systematic reuse in software companies.     

The automation design advisor tool (ADAT): Development and validation of a model‐based tool to support flight deck automation design for nextgen operations

NextGen aviation will require an even greater reliance on automation than current‐day operations. Therefore, systems with problems in human–automation interaction must be identified and resolved early, well before they are introduced into operation. This paper describes a research and software development effort to build a prototype automation design advisor tool (ADAT) for flight deck automation. This tool uses models of human performance to identify perceptual, cognitive, and action‐related inefficiencies in the design of flight management systems. Aviation designers can use the tool to evaluate and compare potential flight deck automation designs and to identify potential human–automation interaction concerns. Designers can compare different flight management systems in terms of specific features and their ability to support pilot performance. ADAT provides specific, research‐based guidance for resolving problematic design issues. It was specifically designed to be flexible enough for both current‐day technologies and revolutionary NextGen designs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Towards knowledge-based systems in clinical practice: development of an integrated clinical information and knowledge management support system

Given that clinicians presented with identical clinical information will act in different ways, there is a need to introduce into routine clinical practice methods and tools to support the scientific homogeneity and accountability of healthcare decisions and actions. The benefits expected from such action include an overall reduction in cost, improved quality of care, patient and public opinion satisfaction. Computer-based medical data processing has yielded methods and tools for managing the task away from the hospital management level and closer to the desired disease and patient management level. To this end, advanced applications of information and disease process modelling technologies have already demonstrated an ability to significantly augment clinical decision making as a by-product. The wide-spread acceptance of evidence-based medicine as the basis of cost-conscious and concurrently quality-wise accountable clinical practice suffices as evidence supporting this claim. Electronic libraries are one-step towards an online status of this key health-care delivery quality control environment. Nonetheless, to date, the underlying information and knowledge management technologies have failed to be integrated into any form of pragmatic or marketable online and real-time clinical decision making tool. One of the main obstacles that needs to be overcome is the development of systems that treat both information and knowledge as clinical objects with same modelling requirements. This paper describes the development of such a system in the form of an intelligent clinical information management system: a system which at the most fundamental level of clinical decision support facilitates both the organised acquisition of clinical information and knowledge and provides a test-bed for the development and evaluation of knowledge-based decision support functions.     

Lessons learned from automating tests for an operations support system

We present experience gained in automating tests for an operations support system. A major portion of the effort was devoted to extending a commercial test tool so that testers could easily manipulate graphical user interface (GUI) objects on two implementations of the application. For this purpose, we developed a test automation library as support infrastructure for writing tests. The challenges and tradeoffs are discussed such as simplicity/complexity for a tester versus a library developer, hiding/exposing window hierarchy to the tester, providing common methods for different types of GUI objects, transparently manipulating custom GUI widgets, and coping with data‐dependent test cases. We discuss the requirements of test code reusability, maintainability, and portability, and describe the solutions we found. In addition, we offer observations about benefits and pitfalls of test automation, our recommendations for maximizing return on investment, and results from automating a variety of tests. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Input data management in simulation – Industrial practices and future trends

Discrete Event Simulation has been acknowledged as a strategically important tool in the development and improvement of production systems. However, it appears that companies are failing to reap full benefits of this powerful technology as the maintenance of simulation models has become very time-consuming, particularly due to vast amounts of data to be handled. Hence, an increased level of automation of input data handling is highly desirable. This paper presents the current practices relating to input data management and identifies further research and development required to achieve high levels of automation. A survey of simulation users shows that there has been a progress in the use of automated solutions compared to a similar study presented by Robertson and Perera in 2002. The results, however, reveal that around 80% of the users still rely on highly manual work procedures in input data management.     

High integrity software development: process and tool issues

YSE and BAe Defence have recently completed an unclassified study for MoD (PE) specifically concerned with high integrity software development process and tool issues. The overall objective of the project was to produce guidance for MoD project managers on the sorts of processes and toolsets which their suppliers should be expected to deploy on projects being conducted in the context of Interim Defense Standard (IDS) 00-55 and IDS 00-56. A wide-ranging survey of industrial practice underpinned the project.This paper reports the main areas of work of the project and its results. The topics covered include:

• •⊗ ideal high integrity software development including tool support requirements;
• •⊗ a review of current high integrity software development practice;
• •⊗ available tool support (COTS and proprietary);
• •⊗ a minimum acceptable process and associated tool support;
• •⊗ process and toolset hazard analysis;
• •⊗ process and toolset safety cases;
• •⊗ building better toolsets;
• •⊗ process and toolset assessment.

     

Extending process automation systems with multi-agent techniques

This paper presents a design of a process automation system extended with multi-agent systems (MAS) and experiments with its implementation. According to this design, MAS can be used to extend the functionality of ordinary process automation systems at higher levels of control. Anticipated benefits of this include enhanced reconfigurability, responsiveness and flexibility of the resulting automation system. The design also takes into account particular characteristics of process automation. An agent platform for process automation is presented as a basis for applying MAS. A FIPA-compliant agent platform is extended with process automation specific functionality. The platform utilizes a hierarchical agent organization and a BDI-agent model. Two applications are implemented using the platform. One of these shows how the techniques of distributed planning can be applied in discrete control. The other provides a model for supervisory continuous control using the techniques of distributed search. Experiments performed with a laboratory test environment using the applications are presented. They are able to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach in test scenarios.     

Method for identification and integration of design automation tasks in industrial contexts

Current industrial practice does not reflect the opportunities provided by state-of-the-art design automation methods. The limited application of computational methods to support the design process by automating design tasks is caused by the lack of methods for comprehensive design automation task definition. Therefore, potential design automation tasks are not recognized and already deployed solutions lack integration to design practice from a product lifecycle management (PLM) perspective. In response to these shortcomings, this work proposes a method for identification and integration of design automation tasks that features collaborative workshops and enterprise architecture modelling for comprehensive analysis of design processes including its technological environments. The method applies design automation task templates that contextualize the knowledge levels required for design automation task definition and the design process including its technological environments. Evaluation with three industrial cases shows that the method enables efficient identification and integration of potential design automation tasks in a PLM context. The application of knowledge levels in conjunction with enterprise architecture modelling support the identification and validation of the relevant sources of knowledge required for design automation task formalization. Thus, this work contributes by introducing and evaluating a novel method for design automation task definition that brings the opportunities of state-of-the-art design automation methods into line with requirements stemming from design practice and the related PLM.     

Linux下自动化测试执行管理工具的设计与实现

测试自动化是提高软件测试效率的重要途径。尽管各种测试工具具有强大的执行功能,但没有对测试过程和测试资源进行有效的管理。设计并实现了一个Linux下的自动化测试执行管理工具,侧重于测试执行管理和测试资源管理,并详细阐述了其总体构架、模块设计和关键技术。     

CSDPL—一种基于CMM的软件过程定义语言

软件过程是人和计算机化的工具交互完成的可能持续长时间的复杂实体。软件过程比商业过程自动化程度要低,因为需要更多的人的参与和软件工具的支持,也有更多不断持续改进的需求。软件过程首先要建模,因此建模语言扮演了一个非常关键的角色。从管理的角度出发,CMM提出了一个软件过程概念框架。既要支持软件过程语言的要求的特性,又要支持CMM,基于CMM的软件过程定义语言必须把这个一般性和特殊性的要求结合起来。本文描述的软件过程定义语言CSPDL采用了图形和XML文本相结合的表示方式。同时,软件过程定义工具是支持建模的必需的支持。要尽量地支持软件过程语言的特性,还需要很多工作要做。     

Using management procedure gaps to enhance e-learning implementation in Africa

Management of Universities in Ghana have established good rationale for embracing e-learning as a new paradigm of educational delivery, and have demonstrated commitment by investing and building technology infrastructure necessary for e-learning. However, the approach to evaluate the institutional context as guide to successful e-learning implementation remains a problem. In the absence of standards for evaluation to guide the implementation process, this research investigated management approaches to facilitating e-learning implementation at a leading university in Ghana. To gain depth in understanding activities that support e-learning, a pilot survey was conducted. This was used to refine the research instruments. The survey questionnaire, interviews conducted, and institutional documents on e-learning activities provided depth of management practices that supports e-learning. The management procedures were then compared with some e-learning implementation best practice, and gaps were established.This paper has demonstrated that by using dimensional tools to establish procedure gaps in e-learning implementation, the short and long-term strategic plans will be put in perspective. The tool show how the university is moving from its current practices of educational delivery to e-learning or some blend. Universities with problems as discussed in this paper may achieve success by assembling an implementation team and a leader, determining the appropriate learning technology, clearly outlining the process of implementation and having an ongoing evaluation process to institutionalise the innovative e-learning approach. The policy and strategy document, showing the institutional position must include the pedagogical goals, infrastructure requirements, evaluation, collaboration with stakeholders, quality control, technical support, budget and funding and resource planning.     

Generating transition probabilities to support model‐based software testing

Markov chain usage models support test planning, test automation, and analysis of test results. In practice, transition probabilities for Markov chain usage models are often specified using a cycle of assigning, verifying, and revising specific values for individual transition probabilities. For large systems, such an approach can be difficult for a variety of reasons. We describe an improved approach that represents transition probabilities by explicitly preserving the information concerning test objectives and the relationships between transition probabilities in a format that is easy to maintain and easy to analyze. Using mathematical programming, transition probabilities are automatically generated to satisfy test management objectives and constraints. A more mathematical treatment of this approach is given in References [ 1 ] (Poore JH, Walton GH, Whittaker JA. A constraint‐based approach to the representation of software usage models. Information and SoftwareTechnology 2000; at press) and [ 2 ] (Walton GH. Generating transition probabilities for Markov chain usage models. PhD Thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, May 1995.). In contrast, this paper is targeted at the software engineering practitioner, software development manager, and test manager. This paper also adds to the published literature on Markov chain usage modeling and model‐based testing by describing and illustrating an iterative process for usage model development and optimization and by providing some recommendations for embedding model‐based testing activities within an incremental development process. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of modes of cockpit automation on pilot performance and workload in a next generation flight concept of operation

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of various forms of advanced cockpit automation for flight planning on pilot performance and workload under a futuristic concept of operation. A lab experiment was conducted in which airline pilots flew simulated tailored arrivals to an airport using three modes of automation (MOAs), including a control‐display unit (CDU) to the aircraft flight management system, an enhanced CDU (CDU+), and a continuous descent approach (CDA) tool. The arrival scenario required replanning to avoid convective activity and was constrained by a minimum fuel requirement at the initial approach fix. The CDU and CDU+ modes allowed for point‐by‐point path planning or selection among multiple standard arrivals, respectively. The CDA mode completely automated the route replanning for pilots. It was expected that the higher‐level automation would significantly reduce pilot workload and improve overall flight performance. In general, results indicated that the MOAs influenced pilot performance and workload responses according to hypotheses. This study provides new knowledge about the relationship of cockpit automation and interface features with pilot performance and workload in a novel next generation–style flight concept of operation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A knowledge-based decision support system for the management of parts and tools in FMS

Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) are very complex systems with large part, tool, and information flows. The aim of this work is to develop a knowledge-based decision support system (KBDSS) for short-term scheduling in FMS strongly influenced by the tool management concept to provide a significant operational control tool for a wide range of machining cells, where a high level of flexibility is demanded, with benefits of more efficient cell utilization, greater tool flow control, and a dependable way of rapidly adjusting short-term production requirements. Development of a knowledge-based system to support the decision making process is justified by the inability of decision makers to diagnose efficiently many of the malfunctions that arise at machine, cell, and entire system levels during manufacturing. In this context, this paper proposes three knowledge-based models to ease the decision making process: an expert production scheduling system, a knowledge-based tool management decision support systems, and a tool management fault diagnosis system. The entire system has been created in a hierarchical manner and comprises more than 400 rules. The expert system (ES) was implemented in a commercial expert system shell, Knowledge Engineering System (KES) Production System (PS).     

一种分布式可持续集成自动化测试平台

软件开发过程中,随着逻辑复杂度的不断增加,专门的测试可以有效地减少软件的bug,提高软件的质量,然而传统的人工测试已经不能满足当前软件开发的需求。为此,提出一种分布式可持续集成的自动化测试平台,基于Jenkins平台实现分布式可持续集成,选用Git作为版本管理工具,使用Katalon作为自动化测试工具。平台实现对Web软件每日自动更新并持续集成自动化测试,该平台在Web软件测试中大大地减少了测试人员重复回归测试的工作量。     

基于 RFT 的自动化测试框架

为了改进软件自动化测试过程,提高自动化测试的效率,设计并实现了一种基于RFT并由数据驱动的可复用软件自动化测试框架。该框架分离了测试用例与数据,实施该框架能够降低测试用例的开发及维护成本,提高测试用例的可复用性,大大优化软件测试过程,提高了自动化测试的效率,保证软件的质量。     

The MPC elucidator: a case study in the design for human-automationinteraction

In this paper, we describe the design of a decision support system for operators of model-based predictive controllers (MPC). MPC is a form of advanced automatic control that is increasingly common in process operations due to its ability to control and optimize large sections of a process. A cognitive task analysis revealed that current operating displays, which rely on displaying tables of numeric information across several display pages, do not effectively support human operator monitoring, diagnosis, and control of MPC. This case study shows how we applied representation aiding and workspace management design principles to better support the human-automation interaction requirements of monitoring, understanding, and adjusting these complex, semi-autonomous; process controllers. We show how effective user interface design can significantly reduce the complexity of operating with advanced automation, and can lead to improved understanding of how the automation works     

浅谈公文自动化系统在医院管理中的应用

本文从目前公文管理的现状出发,分析了存在的三种模式及其特点,并提出了公文自动化管理的困难与挑战;重点结合本单位公文自动化系统的探索与实践,论述应用该系统后取得的综合效益。