共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
K Hj?lm?s 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,86(9):919-922
Nocturnal enuresis in children is not a psychogenic disorder. It is caused by a hereditary delay in maturation of the somatic mechanisms (reduction of nocturnal urine production and a normal arousal to a full bladder) which prevent the child from wetting the bed. Traditionally, doctors treating bedwetting children have used an expectant attitude, because nocturnal enuresis has been looked upon as self-limiting and harmless. According to recent research this is not true. More than 5% of children and 0.5% of the adult population report nocturnal enuresis, meaning that 10% of enuretic children will remain bedwetters for life if left untreated, and nocturnal enuresis is perceived as a shameful condition, giving a significant impairment of self-esteem at an age when an intact self-image is extremely important for an optimal development of the child's personality. Treatment should be given when the enuretic child wants to sleep dry. 相似文献
2.
TW Schulpen 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,86(9):981-984
Nocturnal enuresis is a well-known "low-severity high-prevalence" condition in paediatrics, with extensive psychosocial suffering. This suffering is not always realized by paediatricians and other professionals. The aim of this study is to show that enuresis not only has an impact on the child, but also frustrates the entire family. The literature shows that nocturnal enuresis causes distress and low self-esteem for the child. It also has major social and economic implications for the family, with an increasing intolerance as the child grows older. An analysis of nine studies on the impact of successful treatment on the psychological condition of enuretic children showed improved behaviour and personality scores. In five studies the improvement in mental health was significantly related to treatment success. Timely treatment will prevent psychosocial damage, favour a normal development of the child and bring practical relief to the family. 相似文献
3.
4.
A 74 year old patient presented with retention of urine as a result of an isolated right internal iliac artery aneurysm. The diagnostic difficulty leading to a delayed diagnosis resulted in rupture of the aneurysm. An endoaneurysmorrhaphy of the internal iliac artery was performed and the right common and external iliac arteries were anastomosed end to end. An early diagnosis and prompt therapy is recommended for this rare lesion. 相似文献
5.
6.
The purpose of the study was to clarify whether reflexology is a relevant treatment for enuresis nocturna, and to test a research design applicable to controlled experiments with reflexology. An unblinded method was used comparing a treatment group (1) receiving reflexology to a non-treatment group (2) keeping the same record of symptoms. At the start of the study, the volumes of night urine in the two groups were comparable. By the end of the study, there was no significant decrease in the volume of night urine in either of the groups. Two children in the treatment group and one in the non-treatment group became dry during the night in the course of the study. In conclusion, reflexology given as 14 treatment sessions over a period of four months did not result in a significant fall in enuresis nocturna in children aged seven to eleven years old. It must be concluded that the treatment result can not be distinguished from the conditions in the non-treatment group even though the average night diuresis in group one showed a slightly decreasing tendency while morning diuresis increased, in contrast to group two which exhibited a slight increase in night diuresis. As the total diuresis remained constant, this could be interpreted as an increased urinary bladder capacity, but in both cases the changes were far from significant. 相似文献
7.
8.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of desmopressin and indomethacin and also determine the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations in the patient and control groups. METHODS: Eighty-five children with primary nocturnal enuresis were followed up for a baseline period of 4 weeks, during which they recorded wet and dry nights. After this period, the patients were divided into three groups that used desmopressin, indomethacin, or placebo for 4 weeks. The dosage of desmopressin (group A, n = 31 ) was 20 microg/day and the dosage of indomethacin (group B, n = 29) was 100 mg/day. The placebo group (group C) consisted of 25 patients. We determined the serum PGE2 and urine PGE2 concentrations before and after treatment in the three groups and in a control group. RESULTS: Treatment with desmopressin and indomethacin resulted in significantly more dry nights during the 4 weeks of observation than did placebo (P <0.005). The number of dry nights was also significantly different in the desmopressin group than in the indomethacin group (P <0.01). In the total patient group, the mean serum and urine PGE2 concentrations were significantly different from the control group's serum and urine PGE2 concentrations (P <0.001). There was a significant decrease in the serum and urine PGE2 concentrations in group A and group B after the treatment period (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Desmopressin and indomethacin were found to be more effective than placebo. We conclude that prostaglandins have an important role in the pathophysiology of primary nocturnal enuresis. 相似文献
9.
Houts Arthur C.; Berman Jeffrey S.; Abramson Hillel 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,62(4):737
Provides a quantitative integration of research on the effectiveness of psychological and pharmacological treatments for nocturnal enuresis. With the use of experiments that compared treatments with either no treatment or another form of treatment, this article assesses (1) the overall effectiveness of psychological and pharmacological treatments, (2) the relative effectiveness of specific types of treatments, and (3) moderators of treatment effectiveness including investigator allegiance. Findings from the review confirm that enuretic children benefit substantially from treatment. However, more children improve from psychological than from pharmacological interventions. Moreover, psychological treatments involving a urine alarm are most likely to yield benefits that are maintained once treatment has ended. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
10.
The drug fatalities handled by the Berlin forensic science institutes from 1992 to 1995 were analyzed with the help of post-mortem records and investigative files in order to ascertain the extent to which deaths showing positive proof of cocaine differ from previously-known drug fatalities from a morphological and a sociological point of view. Additionally, in numerous cases it was possible to have recourse to medical records and interviews with relatives. In analysing individual cases it could be established that only a small proportion of those who had died from drug-related causes and who were found with positive proof of cocaine had been affected by pure cocaine intoxication. In most cases consumption of cocaine was irregular. Predominantly, cases of combined intoxication involving opiate-containing substances were found. Cocaine has lost some of its exclusivity and met with wider acceptance among drug addicts of the opiate-type. Morphologically speaking, findings among drug addicts of the cocaine-type are becoming increasingly less specific; in particular, infectious diseases (e.g. hepatitis) are being observed more rarely. Our results point to the fact that the operating methods of appropriate treatment institutions must be modified with respect to their work with addicts using substitutes. 相似文献
11.
Erectile dysfunction may have psychological as well as a variety of organic causes. This necessitates in each case a careful medical evaluation. Various commonly used drugs, as well as alcohol and narcotics, may interfere with erection and should, whenever possible, be discontinued before starting treatment. Organic diseases should be identified and, if feasible, specially treated. In the remaining majority of afflicted men, psychological treatment and partner counseling may produce an improvement, but ultimately what is necessary remains an effective and safe medication. The drug, Sildenafil, introduces a new therapeutic principle. During sexual nerve stimulation, nitric oxide (NO) is released from nerves into the cells of the penile erectile bodies. NO activates in turn its "second messenger", the substance cyclic GMP, and the latter induces the vasorelaxation and blood filling of the erectile bodies. Orally administered Sildenafil competitively inhibits phosphodiesterase type 5, which physiologically inactivates cyclic GMP in the erectile bodies. Thus, Sildenafil increases in men with erectile dysfunction the NO-stimulated cyclic GMP concentration and, thereby, improves erection. This new therapy is attractive because 1. Sildenafil is the first pill (for oral use) with established efficacy that benefits most men with insufficient erection; 2. compared with previous therapeutic approaches (such as drug injections in the penis, instillations into the urinary duct, vacuum pumps or even prostheses), Sildenafil is at least as effective, is easy to take and appears well tolerated with no risk of a prolonged erection; 3. remarkably, this medication stimulates erection only during sexual arousal and, thus, has a rather "natural" effect, and 4. side effects (including headache, facial flushing and dyspepsia or epigastric discomfort) were mostly of mild degree and transient, so that only 4% of men interrupted treatment for this reason. Sildenafil does not need to be taken daily, but may be taken, when needed, 1 hour before a planned sexual activity. The new pill has the potential to enliven the boys "wunder horn" with fresh sound. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
Reviews recent literature on the use of behavioral treatments for functional nocturnal enuresis in children. The treatment procedures are divided into 3 categories: (a) those that used the standard urine alarm or bell-and-pad, (b) those that employed retention control training, and (c) those that modified existing stimulus or consequent events but that did not use the urine alarm or retention control training as the primary mode of treatment. The results are presented and evaluated under each of the 3 categories. (3 p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
15.
16.
Discusses research on ethics education, focusing on the writings of J. R. Rest (1983) and K. S. Kitchener (see record 1987-32584-001). Rest has postulated a model for understanding components of moral behavior, which is useful for organizing empirical literature on ethics. Kitchener's work ties the ethical issues in training to the work of ethics scholars and provides an ethical rationale for statements in the Ethical Principles of Psychologists (American Psychological Association, 1990). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
17.
N Lindner 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,135(5):Oa21-Oa23
18.
Edelstein Barry A.; Keaton-Brasted Catherine; Burg Matthew M. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1984,52(5):857
Examined the effects of caffeine withdrawal on hospitalized psychiatric patients with nocturnal enuresis (n?=?9), insomnia (n?=?10), and physical or pharmacological restraints (n?=?6). Results indicate that clinically significant reductions in enuresis, insomnia, and behavior requiring restraint followed withdrawal. (22 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
19.
Verbal suggestions combined with an elaborate placebo ritual and apparatus (polygraph, relay rack, and oscilloscope) eliminated headaches, nightmares, and nocturnal enuresis in a 10-yr-old girl. S had no prior history of abnormal or maladaptive behavior and had begun exhibiting the problem behaviors after a serious accident. Treatment consisted of 4 placebo sessions. Target behaviors decreased rapidly and in a sequence consistent with a psychophysiologic analysis of their components but somewhat inconsistent with apparent sources of reinforcement. Treatment effects are attributed to cognitive process variables such as expectancy and attribution. Treatment gains were maintained at a 24-mo follow-up. (14 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献