激光焊接速度对热轧钢板焊缝质量的影响

测量了激光对接焊后热轧钢板正背表面焊缝宽度，分析了激光焊的焊接速度对热轧钢板焊缝成形和质量的影响。结果表明：只有采用合适的离焦量，才有可能获得较好的焊缝成形质量。在激光焊接功率6kW、离焦量－1．5mm等参数下焊接3mm厚的钢板时，激光焊接速度最佳值为3900mm／min。     

Nd:YAG激光焊接殷钢薄板材料的工艺研究

利用Nd:YAG脉冲激光作为焊接热源,对殷钢材料Invar36分别进行了平板单道焊接试验和对焊试验,分析了工艺参数（激光功率、焊接速度、脉冲宽度和离焦量）变化对焊缝的表面形貌、熔宽以及熔透性的影响。对0.85mm厚度的殷钢薄板对焊接头的硬度和成分的变化以及拉伸强度进行了检测。结果表明：激光功率和脉宽是影响焊缝熔深、熔宽和热影响区大小的主要因素;扫描速度对焊缝表面的鱼鳞状条纹间距影响尤为明显;离焦量主要影响焊缝的宽度和熔透性;合理匹配工艺参数能够实现0.85mm厚度薄板对焊,并且获得形貌良好的焊缝。焊缝的组织成分没有发生明显变化,拉伸强度和基体的相当,显微硬度略低于基体硬度。     

用Nd:YAG激光焊接殷钢薄板材料

用Nd:YAG脉冲激光作为焊接热源,对殷钢材料Invar36分别进行了平板单道焊接试验和对焊试验,分析了工艺参数(激光功率、焊接速度、脉冲宽度和离焦量)变化对焊缝的表面形貌、熔宽以及熔透性的影响.检测了0.85 mm厚的殷钢薄板对焊接头的硬度、成分以及拉伸强度.结果表明:激光功率和脉宽是影响焊缝熔深、熔宽和热影响区面积的主要因素;扫描速度对焊缝表面的鱼鳞状条纹间距影响尤为明显;离焦量主要影响焊缝的宽度和熔透性;合理匹配工艺参数能够实现0.85 mm厚度薄板的对焊,并且获得形貌良好的焊缝.焊缝的组织成分没有发生明显变化,拉伸强度和基体强度相当,显微硬度略低于基体硬度.     

金属超薄板光纤激光焊接

采用连续激光焊接,焊接速度可以达到50～60mm/s,相对于脉冲激光焊接,生产效率上极具优势。采用波长为1070nm的光纤激光对厚度为0.1mm的304不锈钢超薄板进行连续激光搭接焊,研究了焊接功率、焊接速度和离焦量等焊接工艺参数对焊缝质量的影响规律。实验表明,焊接功率的增加会逐步增加焊缝的熔深和熔宽,当焊接功率达到160W时,焊缝在下层板的熔深陡然增大,出现了不锈钢超薄板的激光深熔焊;此外,相对于负离焦,正离焦更容易得到更深的熔深,但焊缝宽度会略有增加,采用+1mm的离焦量产生大熔深和窄焊宽,因此不锈钢超薄板激光焊接适宜采用正离焦。     

不锈钢板激光光束摆动叠焊工艺研究

采用光纤激光器和D50摆动激光头进行不锈钢板激光叠焊工艺研究,分析了5种激光光束摆动方式对焊缝成形和气孔率的影响规律,并对直线形光束摆动方式下的焊接工艺参数进行了优化。研究结果表明：相对于常规激光焊接,5种激光光束摆动方式焊接均能有效增大叠焊板结合面熔宽,并可抑制焊缝气孔的产生。在直线形光束摆动方式下,随着激光功率增大或焊接速度减小,焊缝熔深和结合面宽度均增大;随着摆动频率增大,熔深则相应减小;随着摆动振幅增大,焊缝截面形状由丁字形向椭圆形、梯形转变。当激光功率、焊接速度、离焦量、摆动振幅和摆动频率分别为3 kW、2.4 m/min、5 mm、1.5 mm和300 Hz时可获得成形好、气孔较少、剪切强度较高的叠焊接头。     

硬质合金刀具表面微结构的激光加工研究

硬质合金刀具常用来加工难加工材料,通过刀具表面织构化技术可以提高硬质合金刀具的耐磨性和加工性能。激光加工技术作为一种快速非接触自动化加工技术,可以在硬质合金刀具表面上加工出微结构。本文主要研究平均功率、扫描速度、脉冲频率、离焦量、扫描次数这五个工艺参数对硬质合金刀具微结构尺寸及形貌的影响,从而选定最优的激光加工工艺参数。实验结果表明:随着平均功率的增大,微沟槽的深度和宽度都在增加,但功率过大导致严重烧蚀使底侧面形貌不平整;扫描速度和脉冲频率的增加都会使得微沟槽的深度和宽度呈现减小的趋势,过大的扫描速度使得底面形貌不连续,随着脉冲频率和扫描次数的增加,沟槽底面形貌变得平整;离焦量从0mm变化到-1. 2mm时,微沟槽的宽度缓慢增大,深度则先增大后减小,底面形貌由连续变成稀疏的孔洞。通过优选出的激光加工硬质合金刀具工艺参数,制备出了良好的刀具表面单一型和混合型微结构。     

机器人光纤激光焊接TA15钛合金的工艺研究

采用机器人光纤激光焊接系统对厚3 mm的TA15钛合金进行激光焊接试验。为保证焊缝质量,研发了一套专用的侧面气路保护装置。研究了激光功率、焊接速度、离焦量和保护气体流量等参数对焊接质量的影响,获取了优化后的焊接工艺。     

添加钛中间层的SiCp/Al复合材料脉冲激光焊接工艺参数的研究

对Si Cp/Al复合材料脉冲激光焊接工艺进行了研究。制定了一种以成形比为衡量因素的焊缝成形评价标准,研究了影响焊缝成形质量的激光参数,通过正交试验得到了最优参数组合。结果表明,对成形比影响最大的是脉冲高度和脉冲宽度,其次是激光频率和焊接速度。在脉冲高度32%,脉冲宽度3 ms,频率30 Hz,焊接速度200 mm/min时,焊缝成形质量最好。     

应用Nd∶YAG激光加工连杆初始裂解槽

为改善连杆裂解槽加工精度和质量,进而提高裂解连杆的成品率,通过试制两种连杆产品,确定了激光加工参数。采用Nd∶YAG固体激光器对两种类型的连杆进行了裂解槽激光加工试验,分析了采用不同切割参数加工的裂解槽质量,并对激光切割参数进行了优化。结果表明:激光峰值功率、离焦量、切割速度、脉冲频率、辅助气体压力、激光入射角等对裂解槽的加工质量均有很大的影响,其中激光峰值功率2.4kW,脉冲时间0.4ms时,切槽深度为0.453～0.457mm,当脉冲频率与切割速度比值约为3,在非正离焦量状态下,所加工的裂解槽对连杆的裂解非常有利,能够满足M0406连杆的裂解质量要求。     

吹胀型铝质均热板脉冲激光焊接工艺研究

吹胀型铝质均热板是当前5G基站散热方案的重要元件,其封口焊接工艺是其制造工艺中的重要一环.针对以厚度均为0.6mm的1060和3003铝合金薄板为基体的吹胀型铝质均热板,利用脉冲激光焊机进行封口焊接,研究了脉冲频率、焊接速度、脉冲宽度、峰值功率等因素对焊缝质量的影响.结果 表明,提升脉冲频率、降低焊接速度、提高峰值功率...     

A sequentially integrated multi-criteria optimization approach applied to laser transmission weld quality enhancement—a case study

In the present research, a sequentially integrated optimization approach, based on Taguchi method, response surface methodology, and desirability function analysis, is proposed for evaluating the optimal set of laser transmission welding parameters. Two quality characteristics namely, weld strength and weld width, and three welding parameters namely laser power, welding speed, and focal position are selected for experimental work. Taguchi quality loss function is first used to find the optimum level of control factors. The outputs of Taguchi analysis is further used in central composite design for developing response surface models. Desirability function analysis is performed next using the developed response surface models, to evaluate the optimal parameters setting by considering multiple objectives. The weld quality is improved markedly at the optimal process condition, as verified by additional confirmation tests. The performance of the proposed optimization approach is also compared with the Taguchi method and grey–Taguchi method and found that the proposed optimization approach gives better results than the other two techniques.     

非熔化极气体保护焊接熔池表面形貌三维传感及其装置设计

熔池表面形貌的传感及其三维恢复在焊接机理研究和成形控制中均有着深远的意义,然而焊接过程中强弧光的干扰和熔池表面的镜面特性使得熔池表面的三维传感非常困难。利用小功率结构光条纹激光器投射激光条纹于非熔化极气体保护焊(Gas tungsten arc welding, GTAW)熔池表面,由成像屏接收熔池表面镜面反射过来的激光条纹,利用镜头前附加了与激光器波长匹配的窄带滤光片的电荷耦合器件(Charge-coupled device, CCD)摄像机观察成像屏上的条纹变化,从而获得熔池表面的高度等三维信息。为了便于研究传感规律及确定传感器结构参数间的最佳组合,设计了一套传感装置,并利用该传感装置在强弧光下获得了清晰的能够反映GTAW熔池表面形貌的激光反射条纹图像。     

Understanding the process parameter interactions in multiple-pass ultra-narrow-gap laser welding of thick-section stainless steels

In laser welding, typical welding penetration depths are in the order of 1–2 mm/kW laser power. The multipass laser welding technique, based on the narrow-gap approach, is an emerging welding technology that can be applied to thick-section welds by using relatively low laser power, but the process is more complicated since it is necessary to introduce filler wire to narrow-gap weld configurations. The aim of this work was to understand significant process parameters and their interactions in order to control the weld quality in ultra-narrow-gap (1.5 mm gap width) laser welding of AISI grade 316L stainless steel. A 1-kW IPG single-mode fiber laser was used for welding plates that were 5 to 20 mm in thickness using the multiple-pass narrow-gap approach. Design of experiments and statistical modelling techniques were employed to understand and optimise the processing parameters. The effects of laser power, wire feed rate, and welding speed on the weld homogeneity, integrity, bead shape, gap bridgability and surface oxidation were studied. The results were evaluated under different optimising constraints. The results show that the models developed in this work can effectively predict the responses within the factors domain.     

活性激光电弧复合焊接法研究

为了进一步提高激光电弧复合焊接的熔深,提出活性激光电弧复合焊接法。在氧气的保护下,用小功率光纤激光在待焊焊件表面进行预熔处理,使表面熔化生成一层氧化层,然后用激光电弧复合焊接覆盖氧化层,达到增加熔深的目的。结果表明,激光预熔后进行激光电弧复合焊接,电弧明显收缩,熔深增加1.5倍左右,表面成形良好。激光预熔后,焊缝含氧量增加,熔池表面张力温度系数由负变正,使得复合焊接熔深增加。研究工艺参数对焊缝熔深和熔宽的影响,随着激光预熔功率的增加,熔深增加熔宽减小;随着电流的增加,熔深熔宽都增加,但激光预熔后的焊道增加更快。随着复合焊接速度的增加,熔深和熔宽都减小。随着复合焊接中激光功率的增加,熔深增加,对熔宽的影响较小。利用活性激光电弧复合焊接法,可以得到较为细小的焊缝组织,提高焊接接头的抗拉强度,能达到母材抗拉强度的95%,且面弯和背弯180°后未出现裂纹,表明接头具有良好的韧性。     

Experimental study on optimization of CO2 laser welding parameters for polypropylene-clay nanocomposite welds

In this paper, polypropylene-clay nanocomposite sheets of 2 mm thickness with 0 wt%, 3 wt% and 5 wt% nanoclay are butt welded using a CO₂ laser to determine the effect of clay content and laser process parameters on weld tensile strength. For this purpose, Taguchi parametric design and optimization method was used to design experiments and develop a model to predict weld tensile strength as a function of clay content and laser process parameters such as laser power, welding speed and focal position. The adequacy of the model was checked using analysis of variance and by conducting extra confirmation tests. Using Taguchi optimization approach, the optimum levels of parameters were determined. The results indicated that an increase in clay content and welding speed decreased the weld strength, whereas increasing laser power increased weld strength. Furthermore, increase in focal position showed an increasing and then a decreasing effect on weld strength.     

Multiresponse optimization of laser welding of stainless steels in a constrained fillet joint configuration using RSM

This paper presents experimental design approach to process parameter optimization for CW Nd/YAG laser welding of ferritic/austenitic stainless steels in a constrained fillet configuration. To determine the optimal welding parameters, response surface methodology was used to develop a set of mathematical models relating the welding parameters to each of the weld characteristics. The quality criteria considered to determine the optimal settings were the maximization of weld resistance length and shearing force, and the minimization of weld radial penetration. Laser power, welding speed, and incident angle are the factors that affect the weld bead characteristics significantly. A rapid decrease in weld shape factor and increase in shearing force with the line energy input in the range of 15–17 kJ/m depicts the establishment of a keyhole regime. A focused beam with laser power and welding speed respectively in the range of 860–875 W and 3.4–4.0 m/min and an incident angle of around 12° were identified as the optimal set of laser welding parameters to obtain stronger and better welds.     

钛合金激光清洗及其对激光焊接气孔的影响

采用砂纸打磨、酸洗、激光清洗等方式对Ti6Al4V钛合金进行焊前清洗。通过扫描电镜、白光干涉仪、能谱仪分析了各种清洗方式下的表面形貌、粗糙度和化学成分,研究了不同清洗方式及参数对清洗效果的影响。在均匀熔透和表面质量良好的同一激光焊接条件下,比较了不同清洗条件对气孔率的影响。合适的激光清洗可有效清除焊接试件表面氧化层,并改善表面粗糙度,得到较低的气孔率,其焊缝可达到中国航天工业行业标准I级焊缝要求。     

TIG焊熔池表面流动行为的研究

针对钨极惰性气体保护(Tungsten inert gas,TIG)焊熔池表面流动行为,在确定TIG焊熔池表面可采用粒子示踪的方法来进行其表面流动行为示踪的基础上,在以激光为试验背光光源,通过激光在TIG焊熔池表面镜面反射后,使得熔池及示踪粒子清晰成像于成像屏上。在此基础上,开展对304不锈钢和Q235普通碳钢的熔池表面流动行为的试验研究,对所获得这两种材料的TIG焊熔池试验数据进行处理与对比分析,探究熔池表面流动规律。研究结果表明:在TIG焊过程中,其焊接熔池存在两种运动模式,在304不锈钢焊接过程中熔池表面的液态金属由边缘向熔池中心流动;在Q235碳钢焊接过程中熔池表面的液态金属不定向、不规则地由熔池中心向熔池边缘流动,并测量304不锈钢TIG焊过程中熔池表面的液态金属流动速率为12 mm/s左右,Q235碳钢的熔池表面的流动速率为15 mm/s左右。     

Nd:YAG激光+脉冲MAG电弧复合热源焊接参数对焊缝熔深的影响

试验研究Nd:YAG激光 脉冲MAG电弧复合热源焊接过程中焊接参数对焊缝熔深的影响.研究结果表明,复合热源焊缝熔深随电弧功率和激光功率的增大而增大,随焊接速度的增大而减小,并且在相同参数下,复合热源焊缝熔深稍大于激光焊缝熔深而显著大于脉冲MAG焊缝熔深.对于不同焊接电流,光丝间距在0～3 mm内复合热源焊缝取得最大熔深,且取得最大熔深的光丝间距与焊接电流大小有关;复合热源焊缝熔深在离焦量为2 mm时取得最大值.试验结果分析表明,在激光 电弧复合热源焊接过程中激光功率不仅决定复合热源焊缝熔深,而且可以极大地提高焊接速度:MAG电弧也可提高Nd:YAG激光焊的热效率.