西柚乳化香精的工艺研究

本文通过乳化香精中使用的主要添加剂增重剂、乳化剂和增稠剂在西柚乳化香精中单独和复配使用的效果研究,发现乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯(SAIB)和松香甘油酯(EG)的增重效果较好;吐温-20(T-20),蔗糖脂肪酸酯-15(SE-15)的乳化效果较好。并应用正交试验确定了复合增重剂,复合乳化剂的最佳配比以及生产西柚乳化香精的相关工艺参数。     

乳化剂在甜橙乳化香精中的应用研究

本文通过对蔗糖酯(SE)、吐温(T)和司盘(S)系列的单体以及复配在甜橙乳化香精中的乳化效果研究，并应用正交实验确定了复合乳化剂的最佳配比以及相关的工艺参数。结果表明对甜橙乳化香精来说T-40，SE-15的乳化效果较好。适宜的工艺条件为：SE-15：2．00％，T-40：1．5％，S-60：0．7％，均质次数2次，均质条件一级压力150bar，二级压力50bar。     

一种新型透明乳化香精的制备研究

本文采用微乳化技术制备了柠檬、甜橙透明微乳化香精。对不同乳化剂的复配在微乳化香精中的效果进行了研究,考察了不同助乳剂对透明微乳化香精的影响,确定了该微乳体系所能增溶的香精含量,并对制备的透明微乳化香精进行了稳定性考察。结果表明当采用卵磷脂与聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐单月桂酸酯、蔗糖酯为复配乳化剂、丙三醇或丙二醇为助乳剂,香精含量低于12%(重量比)时能够制备透明、稳定的微乳化透明香精,其平均粒径在12.2~31.6nm之间,加入水中时具有很高的透明度,适用于透明饮料的加香应用。所制备的透明微乳化香精具有良好的低温、高温稳定性。该透明乳化香精在制备过程中无需用到高压均质设备,便于工业化放大生产及降低成本。     

新型乳化剂在豆乳饮料中应用研究

确定以乳化剂在油中法制备乳状液,研究不同乳化剂在中性和酸性水油体系中乳化性能, 结果表明:在中性水油体系中时,三聚甘油酯和1:4复合蔗糖酯与单甘油酯乳化性能较好,其使用量分别为乳状液油量6.7%和8.0%;而对于酸性水油体系,亲水性单甘油酯乳化效果最好,其最佳用量为乳状液油量9.3%。     

不饱和单甘酯衍生物在甜橙乳化香精中的应用

通过对不饱和单甘酯衍生物应用在甜橙乳化香精中的乳化力和产品稳定性的4个方面进行了实验探讨,同时对产品构成进行了假设,对该衍生物的单酯含量和双酯含量的结果进行线性因子拟合,然后进行加权,以此来探讨衍生物中单酯含量和双酯含量的比例和乳化力的关系,并且对以上的假设进行了验证.实验发现,不饱和单甘酯衍生物的单酯和双酯都对乳化力有重要的影响,根据初步的假设,单酯含量占60%和双酯含量占40%的权数,具体结果为单酯78.78%,双酯15.25%时,综合的乳化和稳定性最强.同时,本文通过对以上得出的乳化力最好的产品生产了乳化香精,并对乳化香精质量的四个方面:单次储存高温稳定性、单次储存冻融稳定性、多次储存高温稳定性、多次储存冻融稳定性等进行了实验,发现在以上的四个方面的稳定性比较中,该不饱和单甘酯衍生物具有比蔗糖酯SE-11有更好的体系稳定性和更好的亲水、亲油平衡能力.     

甜橙油多重乳状液的稳定性研究

多重乳状液的稳定性是影响多重乳化香精效果的主要因素,它决定于体系中不同参数的影响.以多重乳状液相对体积为衡量标准,借助显微镜直接观察,探讨乳化剂的含量、乳化剂的HLB值、亲油亲水乳化剂体积比及油水相比等因素对甜橙油多重乳状液体系稳定性的影响.     

柑橘类乳化香精生产技术

柑橘类乳化香精是由含橙、柠檬油等天然精油,加入增重剂、抗氧化剂、乳化剂等添加剂,经乳化均质后制成的能较好地保留天然精油的新鲜头香的乳化香精,其种类主要有橙乳化香精、柠檬乳化香精、西柚乳化香精等,在果冻、乳饮料行业等食品工业中具有重要的应用价值.本文论述了柑橘类乳化香精的概念、特点、生产工艺和阿拉伯胶、变性淀粉等常用的乳化剂;针对柑橘类乳化香精存在的分层、破乳、变型等问题提出了解决方法;介绍了柑橘类乳化香精的发展现状.乳化香精的稳定性和浊度研究是乳化香精发展及应用的两个重要方面,适合的乳化稳定剂和增重剂是乳化香精获得高稳定性的关键,因此,要根据不同的水油体系选择不同的乳化工艺.     

乳化剂和增稠剂对核桃乳饮料稳定性的影响

研究了乳化剂和增稠剂对核桃乳稳定性的影响。增稠剂采用黄原胶、果胶、海藻酸钠和CMC-Na;乳化剂采用单甘酯和蔗糖酯,研究其单一使用及复合使用对核桃乳稳定性的影响。结果表明:单一增稠剂对核桃乳的稳定效果依次是:黄原胶>果胶>海藻酸钠>CMC-Na。乳化增稠复合剂配方为海藻酸钠0.3%、黄原胶0.15%、果胶0.15%。单甘酯和蔗糖酯(其比例为7:3)0.1%;使用该乳化增稠剂生产的核桃乳,黏度适当、具有较高的稳定性,感官评价好。     

乙酸-异丁酸蔗糖酯的研制通过技术鉴定

一种对食用乳化香精有良好增重作用的食品添加剂——乙酸-异丁酸蔗糖酯已由轻工业部甘蔗糖业研究所研制成功,并于1987年1月23日在广东省第一轻工业厅主持下通过了技术鉴定。该研制品:除色泽微黄外,其理化和卫生(毒性)的指标均达到国外产品的水平;已得     

葵花籽蛋白水解物对水包油型乳状液物理和氧化稳定性的影响

利用碱性蛋白酶对葵花籽蛋白进行适度水解后,将葵花籽蛋白水解物(SSH)添加到以单甘酯作为乳化剂制备的乳状液中,通过测定乳状液的乳化活性、乳化稳定性、粒径、絮凝指数、凝结指数以及乳状液贮藏14 d过氧化值和丙二醛含量的变化,评价SSH对乳状液物理和氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明:添加SSH可显著提高乳状液的乳化活性、乳化稳定性、絮凝和凝结稳定性,显著降低乳状液的粒径;SSH添加量为1.0%时,乳状液具有较好的物理稳定性,同时又具有较好的氧化稳定性。     

Nanoemulsions: Using emulsifiers from natural sources replacing synthetic ones—A review

In recent years, substantial consideration within the food industry has been aimed at the development of food‐grade nanoemulsions (NE) as promising systems for encapsulating, stabilizing, and delivering bioactive compounds. Although numerous studies have revealed the critical potential of NE, there are still several challenges to overcome them. These include the extensive amounts of synthetic emulsifiers needed for NE formulation, which can potentially be toxic for human health. The interest in safety, and natural emulsifiers have stimulated food manufacturers to develop "label‐friendly" formulations by replacing synthetic emulsifiers with natural alternatives. This review represents a critical and comprehensive summary of the application of natural emulsifiers as potential substitutes for synthetic emulsifiers in NE production, with particular emphasis on the newly identified natural emulsifiers. Some recent reports showed the excellent emulsifying properties of various natural emulsifier extracted from natural resources, to produce NE, and therefore, might be generalized for further industrial applications. Future trends are encouraged to identify novel natural emulsifiers from industrial food by‐products that may demonstrate highly effective emulsifiers.     

新型乳化剂—烷基乳酸酯柠檬酸盐

本文介绍了一种新型乳化剂烷基乳酸酯柠檬酸盐的合成,分析和应用。通过柠檬酸分子中1个或2个羧基进行酯化得到的这种新型乳化剂具有良好的乳化性和稳定性,这类乳化剂特别适用于化妆品、食品、医药等行业。     

几种食品添加剂对核桃炼乳热稳定性的影响研究

研究了几种食品添加剂对核桃炼乳热稳定性的影响,结果表明:单一乳化剂与复合乳化剂均能提高核桃炼乳的热稳定性,且复合乳化剂的效果优于单一乳化剂,复合乳化剂的用量以0.3%为宜。卵磷脂、黄原胶及二者以不同比例复配后均能提高核桃炼乳的热稳定性,其使用量分别以0.2%和0.6%为宜。     

不同复配乳化剂合成乳液对汽车工业滤纸强度性能的影响

以苯乙烯和丙烯酸酯为主要单体,设计多种复配乳化剂方案,通过单体预乳化、半连续乳液聚合法合成苯丙乳液,用作汽车发动机空气滤清器滤纸浸渍树脂.研究了多种复配乳化剂合成苯丙乳液浸渍对汽车工业滤纸抗张强度、耐破度及挺度的影响,筛选出对滤纸强度性能作用效果良好的复配乳化剂.结果表明,合成乳液浸渍对提高汽车工业滤纸抗张强度、挺度及耐破度作用显著,OP-10/FR-1、OR-2/DSB、FOR-3/RE-610复配乳化剂乳液浸渍的汽车工业滤纸抗张强度高于3.15kN/m、挺度大于3.45 mN·m、耐破度在250 kPa以上.     

焙烤食品乳化剂的应用和进展

概述了焙烤食品中各种乳化剂的功效、种类和ＨＬＢ值,讨论了乳化剂在液体起酥油和高浓度果糖浆的熔烤食品配方的应用。     

Functionality of different emulsifiers on the performance of breadmaking and wheat bread quality

Emulsifiers are widely used in bakeries as dough strengtheners and crumb softeners, but there is a great diversity of compounds with emulsifier action. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of emulsifiers with different functionalities on the rheological characteristics of wheat dough, as well as their effect in the final bread parameters, including behavior during aging. All the emulsifiers tested increased dough stability, although the extent of this effect was concentration-dependent. The presence of emulsifier retarded dough proofing; in consequence, longer proofing times would be required when emulsifiers are used. In fact, the positive effects of emulsifiers on bread volume were only observed with long proofing times, and that also became evident when crumb hardness was analyzed. Sodium stearoyl lactylate, sucrose ester, lecithin and enriched lecithin were the emulsifiers with the greatst crumb softening effects at extended proofing times. However, when the objective is a hardening delay during storage, the emulsifiers of choice are monoglyceride and lecithin enriched in lysophospholipids. This study reveals the importance of the proofing period to the functionality of the emulsifiers when used for breadmaking performance.     

水包油型食品乳液中天然小分子乳化剂的功能性质及与其他乳化剂相互作用关系的研究进展

水包油型乳液是食品、保健品、药品等的重要成分,单一或复合乳化剂对水包油型乳液的形成、稳定性和功能性质有重要影响。如今消费者对健康和环境保护的关注促使食品生产者更倾向使用天然成分取代合成成分。本文综述在食品工业中具有潜在应用价值小分子天然乳化剂的理化性质,讨论其对乳液稳定性的影响以及在食品工业中的应用情况,并总结在乳液中使用复合乳化剂,尤其是磷脂与其他乳化剂相互作用的性质和机理;最后概括复合乳化剂对乳液功能性质的影响,包括抗氧化活性、抗菌活性和胃肠道消化特性。以期为开发乳液产品、选择乳化剂及其组合提供理论参考。     

乳化剂与小麦淀粉的相互作用探析

乳化剂可以与面粉中直链淀粉作用生成疏水性螺旋胶 ,这种作用受到许多因素的影响。乳化剂与面粉中淀粉的作用可以大大改善面包的质量。     

Comparative Thermal Characteristics and Fatty Acid Composition of Mono- and Diacylglycerols of Lard and Some Commercial Emulsifiers

A study was carried out to compare the fatty acid composition and thermal profiles of mono- and diacylglycerols of six commercial emulsifiers, coded as E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, and E6, purchased from different manufacturers with those of the same derived from lard. The lipid extraction from the commercial emulsifiers was done using the Soxhlet method and the isolation of individual mono- and diacylglycerols was carried out using a column chromatographic method. The isolated partial acylglycerols of lard and individual emulsifiers were subjected to fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography and thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry. A clear distinction between lard-based emulsifier and the commercial emulsifiers was achieved by the application of principal components analysis to the fatty acid data. According to thermal analysis, mono- and diacylglycerols of lard displayed significant differences from those of commercial mono- and diacylglycerols with respect to the thermal transitions in the cooling curves. This study concluded that partial acylglycerols of none of the commercial emulsifiers employed in this study displayed similarity to those of lard-based emulsifiers.