Hydrodynamic mode in a three-phase fixed granular layer. Theoretical analysis

A theoretical analysis of the hydrodynamic modes in a fixed granular layer is carried out for an ascending direct flow of gas and liquid. A number of hydrodynamic models are proposed and conditions for the passage from one mode to another are determined.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 402–409, September, 1976.     

Hydraulic resistance of a fixed granular layer with respect to descending dust-containing gas flow

The hydraulic resistance of a fixed layer with respect to a dust-containing gas flow is investigated experimentally. A correlation for calculating the resistance is obtained.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 827–832, May, 1978.     

Experimental investigation of pulsation motion in a free-convection boundary layer

Singularities of measurement of pulsation characteristics in nonisothermal flows with a high degree of turbulence are discussed. A modification of the hot-wire anemometer method of velocity measurement for similar flows is suggested. The results are given of measurements of different characteristics of pulsation motion in the free-convection boundary layer forming along a heated vertical surface.     

Wall gas-dynamic inhomogeneity in a fixed granular bed

The porosity variation in a granular bed near a wall has been used to calculate the gas profile there for spherical and other surface shapes. Sectioning in a fixed bed affects the uniformity in the gas distribution.Deceased.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 599–605, October, 1988.     

Nonstationary heating of a fixed granular mass

The reduction of the system of heat-transfer equations in phases of a disperse medium to a single equation is considered. The problem of heating a layer of granular material by a stream of hot fluid is investigated as an illustration.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 29–37, January, 1980.     

Motion of a granular material over a fixed plane

It is shown that there exists an excess viscous friction produced by shear flow of a continuous medium in the gap between the moving particle layer and the slip plane.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 679–682, October, 1990.     

Experimental investigation on properties of composite sorbents for three-phase sorption-water working pairs

LiCl/H₂O and CaCl₂/H₂O show a great potential for sorption air-to-water and thermal energy storage (TES) with their large water sorption capacity. A concept of three-phase composite solid-liquid/gas sorption is proposed by using activated carbon fiber (ACF) felt as a porous host matrix to combine with LiCl and CaCl₂. Samples with different proportions of salts and varied mass ratios between LiCl and CaCl₂ are developed, and thermal conductivity, sorption kinetics and simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) are experimentally investigated. Results reveal that ACF is a better choice of matrix because water uptake and energy storage density of aforementioned samples are greatly increased. It appears that the composite sorbent of ALiCa30(3:1) is a promising material for sorption air-to-water and TES, with water uptake of 2.98 g g⁻¹ at 25 °C and 90% relative humidity, mass energy storage density of 0.41 kWh kg⁻¹ and volume energy storage density of 223 kWh m⁻³.     

Experimental investigation of turbulent heat transfer in a boundary layer on a cooled flat plate

Results are presented of an experimental investigation of the effect of the temperature factor on the law of heat transfer in turbulent boundary layers.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 19, No.2, pp. 185–189, August, 1970.     

Material transport in the free volume of a fixed granular bed

The hydrodynamic state in the free volume of a granular bed during fluid flow through it is investigated. A mathematical model is proposed to describe material transport. Its parameters are determined experimentally.Translated from Inzhenerno-Flzicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 36–41, July, 1973.     

Experimental investigation of local heat transfer in a turbulent boundary layer at supersonic speed

The authors present results of an experimental investigation of coefficients of local heat transfer in a turbulent boundary layer over a wide range of M and Re numbers and values of the temperature ratio.     

Mass transfer in the void space of a fixed granular bed

The transfer processes in the void space of a granular bed are examined. The parameters of the hydrodynamic model are experimentally determined.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 515–521, Mrach, 1971.     

Hydrodynamic situation and transfer processes in the static granular bed of a catalyst

Experimental data on the distribution of the local mass-transfer coefficients on the external surface of a spherical particle in a monodisperse static granular layer are considered. The observed rate of chemical change for a nonequiaccessible surface of the catalyst grains is determined.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 402–408, March, 1979.     

Mathematical simulation of transient processes in a circular channel with granular layer under conditions of subcooled water boiling. Formation of pressure wave

The process of formation and growth of vapor bubbles until the instant of their merging into a vapor film is investigated in view of actual roughness of the surface and of the dependence of activation time of the respective nucleation sites on the surface temperature under conditions of pulsed heat release in the heater wall. A microlayer model is employed in view of formation of dry spot under the bubble. Also solved is the problem on the formation of a pressure wave in a circular channel as a result of explosive boiling of superheated microlayer under the bubbles. The obtained results enable one to describe a number of experimental data and investigate unsteady-state wave processes occurring under subcooled liquid boiling in the presence of a granular layer.     

Experimental and theoretical investigation of a polymer subjected to cyclic loading conditions

There are many machine components made of polymeric materials, such as gears, which are subjected to cyclic loading conditions. To design such components, it is necessary to arrive at a suitable mathematical model that can describe the mechanical response of polymeric materials. In this paper, we derive a mathematical model for rate-type solids using thermodynamical framework developed by Rajagopal and Srinivasa (K.R. Rajagopal, A.R. Srinivasa, A thermodynamic frame work for rate type fluid model, Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 88 (2000) 207-227) (also see Section 5 of Kannan and Rajagopal (K. Kannan, K.R. Rajagopal, A thermomechanical framework for the transition of a viscoelastic liquid to a viscoelastic solid, Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 9 (2004) 37-59)), which was used by Rajagopal and Srinivasa to derive a mathematical model for isotropic, rate-type liquids. Uniaxial cyclic loading and stress relaxation experiments were conducted. The predictions of the model agreed well with the experimental data.     

Compression and shear of a layer of granular material

A classical problem in metal plasticity is the compression of a block of material between rigid platens. The corresponding problem for a layer of granular material that conforms to the Coulomb-Mohr yield condition and the double-shearing theory for the velocity field has also been solved. A layer of granular material between rough rigid plates that is subjected to both compression and shearing forces is considered. Analytical solutions are obtained for the stress and velocity fields in the layer. The known solutions for steady simple shear and pure compression are recovered as special cases. Yield loads are determined for combined compression and shear in the case of Coulomb friction boundary conditions. Numerical results which describe the stress and velocity fields in terms of the normal and shear forces on the layer at yield are presented for the case in which the surfaces of the platens are perfectly rough. Post-yield behaviour is briefly considered.     

Compression and shear of a layer of granular material

A classical problem in metal plasticity is the compression of a block of material between rigid platens. The corresponding problem for a layer of granular material that conforms to the Coulomb-Mohr yield condition and the double-shearing theory for the velocity field has also been solved. A layer of granular material between rough rigid plates that is subjected to both compression and shearing forces is considered. Analytical solutions are obtained for the stress and velocity fields in the layer. The known solutions for steady simple shear and pure compression are recovered as special cases. Yield loads are determined for combined compression and shear in the case of Coulomb friction boundary conditions. Numerical results which describe the stress and velocity fields in terms of the normal and shear forces on the layer at yield are presented for the case in which the surfaces of the platens are perfectly rough. Post-yield behaviour is briefly considered.     

Temperature field through a layer of heat-generating granular packing in a pipe

The radial temperature profiles and their stability conditions were investigated for a layer of granular packing through which heat was being generated in a length of pipe.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 265–270, August, 1971.     

Hydrodynamic stability of convective flow of a non-Newtonian fluid in a vertical layer

Steady convective non-Newtonian fluid flow and its stability under small perturbations are investigated.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 1065–1070, June, 1977.The author is indebted to G. Z. Gershuni for general interest and discussion.     

Experimental investigation on the piezo-composite actuator with piezoelectric single-crystal layer

Studies on muscle mimicking actuators have increased in the last two decades due to the possibility of various applications for compact lightweight actuators including small unmanned aircrafts, missile, and biomimetic robots. Piezoelectric materials have been used in a variety of applications ranging from shape control of structure and active vibration control of structure to noise suppression due to compact size and good frequency response. Conventional polycrystal piezoelectric ceramic materials, however, have limited actuating strains and displacement, hindering their use in actuators for small aerospace vehicles. In this study, the design and fabrication method of an actuator with a piezoelectric single-crystal layer were investigated to increase the actuation strain and displacement. From a comparison of the performance of the LIPCA-C2 and LIPCA-S prototypes, it was found that the new LIPCA-S2, which has much higher coefficient of the unimorph actuator, can generate an actuating displacement more than twice that of LIPCA-C2.     

Mathematical simulation of transient processes in a circular channel with granular layer under conditions of subcooled water boiling. Heating of the wall region

Results are given of a mathematical investigation of the process of heating the wall region of subcooled liquid under conditions of pulsed heat release in the heater wall. Analysis is made of the effect of the thermophysical properties of pebble bed on the temperature distribution and on the time of heating the wall region. The effect of the pebble bed on the thickness of superheated layer is estimated.