蒸汽冷凝液低品位热能的回收利用

利用炼油深加工装置产生的蒸汽冷凝液低温余热作为热动力，驱动溴化锂吸收式制冷系统提供冷量，建立10℃的冷冻水系统，取代重整装置的部分冷却水，使本来只能冷却到40℃左右的工艺气体进一步冷却，提高气液分离效果，增加液化气的回收率，同时减少压缩机的功耗，并且使蒸汽冷凝液全量回收作锅炉补水，取得良好的经济效益和环保效果，为企业创造净效益3000多万元／年。     

无泵自动加压器在蒸汽冷凝液回收中的应用

在化工生产过程中会产生大量的蒸汽冷凝液，由于各种原因，有相当数量的蒸汽冷凝液并没有被回收利用，能源浪费很大。九江分公司成品车间也有相当数量的蒸汽冷凝液未被回收利用而直接排地沟，为此增加了1套无泵自动加压器装置以回收排放的蒸汽冷凝液，取得了较好的效果。     

空分装置冷凝液余热回收利用

通过对空分装置区域办公室传统采暖系统进行改造，将空分装置空压机和氧压机产生的蒸汽冷凝液全部回收，并利用热泵将温度为50℃左右的蒸汽冷凝液送入改造后的采暖管网用于冬季采暖．回收利用了废热，节约了采暖蒸汽，创造了良好的经济效益。     

应用溴化锂制冷技术回收炼油厂低品位热能

中国石化广州分公司应用溴化锂制冷技术回收炼油部分装置产生的蒸汽冷凝液的低品位余热，降低重整装置系统冷媒温度，增加冷却系统端差，提高气液分离效果、减少压缩机的功耗，同时节水节电。为南方炼油厂低品位热能回收利用、提高经济效益开辟新的途径。为该公司每年创造净效益约3876万元。     

降低甲醇装置除盐水单耗技术

甲醇装置采用蒸汽冷凝液回收技术处理汽轮机表冷器蒸汽冷凝液、0.2 MPa和0.6MPa蒸汽冷凝液,将其全部回收,循环利用于除盐水,大大减少除盐水站来水量,降低了甲醇的生产成本,提高了装置自身产能,取得了明显的经济效益和社会效益。     

蒸汽冷凝液回收装置常见故障处理措施

大庆石化公司腈纶厂蒸发线为五效蒸发装置,热源为0.4MPa的生蒸汽,各效(末效除外)的二次蒸汽大部分作为下一效蒸发器的加热蒸汽,少部分被引出用于预热原料。为及时排出生蒸汽形成的冷凝液,保证生蒸汽稳定加入及蒸发过程平稳,在蒸发线的一效设有蒸汽冷凝液回收装置,可将生蒸汽的冷凝液送至装置外的系统管网,实现余热的利用[1]。1设备工作原理蒸汽冷凝液回收装置由上、下罐组成,有管线相连,底     

蒸汽冷凝水制冷及回收利用

介绍了广州石化炼油装置蒸汽冷凝水回收利用的应用实例。通过项目的投用，实现了低品位热能利用和蒸汽冷凝水回收的目标，同时将产生的7～10℃冷冻水用于炼油生产过程工艺介质冷却，降低油气温度，提高气液分离效果。实践表明：蒸汽余热利用，既可提高能源利用率，节约用水，又可提高炼油装置高附加值产品的收率，从而提高炼油装置的运行效益。     

回收疏水冷凝液用于厂区采暖

<正> 为了回收废热,除加强疏水器的修理和更换之外,81年将水处理界区排放的疏水冷凝液加以回收,用于冬季采暖等,效果较好。82年又将合成氨界区的高、中、低压蒸汽疏水冷凝液加以回收。这些疏水冷凝液回收到低位水槽后,减压闪蒸出常压蒸汽5～7吨/时,并夹带着大量冷凝液自低位水槽放空管排出。为了回收这部分常压蒸汽和夹带冷凝液,进一步节约能源,我们经过核算,增加了一台混合式冷凝器及相应配管,并把采暖水泵从配锅泵房移到此处配套安装,作为厂区冬季采暖热源。 82年底上述改造基本完工。83年元月试运,经考核效果良好。1～3月实现了厂区利用废热采暖,配锅已停供厂区采暖蒸汽。相当于节约配锅低压蒸汽3吨/时,每年采暖期节约价值6.9万元。同时,解决了对附近管架、管线等的腐蚀问题,改善了装置区     

蒸汽冷凝液废热利用之一例

合成橡胶工业需耗用大量的中压蒸汽和低压蒸汽,其耗用量在我厂占燃、动综合能耗的56.6％。所以,合理地使用蒸汽是目前我厂急需解决的重要问题。本文仅介绍我厂冷凝液转送站的废热蒸汽的回收利用情况。 一、我厂蒸汽利用及冷凝液回收 的现状 我厂部分用热设备所产生的蒸汽冷凝液是经压力管道直接返回28冷凝液转送站的。由于以下几个方面的原因造成这部分冷凝液中夹带有余热蒸汽:     

炼油西区装置蒸汽冷凝水回收利用及改进措施

根据对炼油厂西区装置蒸汽冷凝水回收和处理的现状进行调查分析，提出了加强回收蒸汽冷凝水的科学管理以及提高蒸汽凝水回收利用的合理化建议。     

凝析气平衡冷凝液量计算

根据相平衡理论和闪蒸计算,给出了根据井沆物组分计算不同压力温度条件下的液量的公式和详细的计算步骤,以吐哈油田一口凝析气井为例进行了凝析液量的计算。结果表明,计算结果与实测值接近,方法可行。     

Application of Gas Injection and Recycling to Enhance Condensate Recovery

Condensate loss is one of the major challenges in the gas condensate reservoirs. It results in a reduction of gas permeability and gas productivity. Different methods have been proposed to mitigate the condensate dropout and increase gas and condensate productivity. One of these techniques is gas recycling. Moreover, dry gases such as methane, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide are good candidates for this purpose. The authors investigate the effect of gas recycling and gas injection on an Iranian gas condensate reservoir. First, a literature review of the subject matter was carried out, followed by an introduction of the field. Afterward, steps performed for construction of dynamic model were described. Then, specified production scenario for development plan of the field was presented. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the optimum number of additional wells to meet the target rate of the field. Consequently, injection scenarios including gas recycling, methane injection, nitrogen injection, and CO₂ injection at different injection rates were studied. Results indicated that nitrogen injection and gas recycling can improve recovery factor and plateau time rather than other cases. At high injection rates, gas recycling showed the highest condensate recovery (47%) among these scenarios.     

The Performance of Various Injecting Gases into Fractured Retrograde Gas Reservoirs for Revaporization of Liquid Drop-Out

Abstract

Lean gas cycling and gas injection scenarios are widely used to avoid liquid formation and to revaporize the liquid drop-out in gas condensate reservoirs. In this study, the performance of methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen as injecting gases into fractured retrograde gas reservoirs for revaporization of condensates is discussed. The investigation is performed from two perspectives: comparison of the condensate revaporization potency of injecting gases and comparison of the mixing performance of injecting gases. The results show that carbon dioxide has the best performance for condensate revaporization, whereas nitrogen has a greater diffusion coefficient (i.e., the best mixing performance).     

凝析气藏开发方式浅析

凝析气藏的开发不同于一般气藏,除了要考虑天然气采收率外,更重要的还需要考虑提高凝析油采收率的问题。针对衰竭式、保持压力和部分保持压力3种开发方式,研究了纯凝析气藏和带油环凝析气藏开发方式的选择,并进行举例论证。     

缓解凝析气井反凝析污染的非平衡压降法

凝析气藏衰竭开采出现反凝析污染,如果衰竭速度控制不当,将严重影响气井生产。采用非平衡压降"雾状"反凝析控制技术可以缓解这种影响。该技术利用凝析油析出之初、其呈雾状的非稳态状态时,通过提高天然气流速使反凝析油即时形成即时采出,实现地层压力低于露点压力时反凝析油始终无法形成连续相,保持高的凝析油传输能力,并通过延长雾状流压力窗口实现反凝析污染的有效控制。首先通过Мирзажанзаде的非平衡压降理论结合非平衡定容衰竭相态实验,揭示了衰竭速度与"雾状"反凝析的内在规律;然后开展不同压降速度（1 MPa/h、2 MPa/h、3 MPa/h和4 MPa/h）下的长岩心反凝析伤害实验及衰竭开采实验,综合分析不同衰竭速度下的雾状流压力窗口和反凝析控制效果。结果表明,压降速度越大,反凝析出的"雾状"凝析油颜色越深,在凝析气中悬浮时间越长,随高速气流产出量越多;当压降速度为4 MPa/h时,雾状流压力窗口为10.5 MPa （46.5~36.0 MPa）,储层反凝析污染改善效果最好,凝析油采收率最高,但对天然气采收率影响不明显。因此,综合考虑气井出砂和气窜情况,适当增大衰竭速度,有利于缓解近井地带反凝析污染,提高凝析油采收率。     

高凝析油含量凝析气井产能试井方法及应用

针对高凝析油含量的凝析气井稳定试井过程中出现的问题,从凝析气藏开采特征入手,分析了稳定试井在高凝析油含量凝析气井中的适应性,提出了适应高凝析油含量凝析气井开采特点的试井方法,并在现场进行了应用,结果表明,改进型等时试井方法可有效消除反凝析现象对试井结果的影响,获得准确的试井结果,为气井的合理配产提供依据。     

凝析油气相渗曲线测试及对采收率的影响

相渗曲线是描述油气藏渗流中一个非常重要的参数,标准的测定方法是在室温低压下采用模拟油(精制油)模拟气(氮气或空气)来进行测试,未考虑地下高温高压及平衡油气渗流的实际情况。因此,研究高温高压下处于油气相平衡条件(可代表地下实际渗流情况)的两相渗流相渗曲线具有重要的理论和实际意义。本文建立了平衡油气相渗曲线的测试方法,测试了两类流体的平衡油气相渗及其标准油气相渗,并比较了两者之间的差别。将研究结果应用于长岩心定容衰竭实验模拟预测中,能更好地解释长岩心中富含凝析油型凝析气藏凝析油采收率比PVT筒中CVD测试高的实际原因。同时,还发现平衡凝析油气相渗的速敏性,从而说明了适当提高采气速度有利于提高凝析油采收率的观点,对开发技术政策的制订有重要指导意义。     

Long-Term Performance of Hydraulically Fractured Layered Rich Gas Condensate Reservoir

Abstract

Compositional simulator has been used to investigate the effect of hydraulic fracture on the performance of a layered rich gas condensate reservoir in Saudi Arabia. The reservoir consists of five layers having permeabilities ranging from 0.08 to 115 md with about 68% of the gas reserve located in the lowest permeability layer. The fracture is assumed to penetrate all layers. The results of this investigation showed that hydraulic fracturing of such a reservoir is effective in improving the productivity of the gas condensate wells. The productivity index (PI) of the cases investigated was found to increase by as much as 3.6 folds. Hydraulic fractures were also found to delay the onset of the dew point pressure and consequently extend the production plateau above the dew point pressure. The production plateau above the dew point pressure was found to increase with increasing the dimensionless fracture conductivity. The results of this study also showed that once the dew point pressure is reached, the flowing bottom hole pressure was found to drop sharply to the specified minimum flowing bottom hole pressure in the fractured and nonfractured cases. However, the drop is less severe in the fractured case. This sharp drop in the flowing bottom hole pressure results in dropping the productivity of the gas condensate wells. Condensate build up along the fracture faces was found to be more significant in the high permeability layers. At early times after reaching the dew point pressure, the highest condensate saturation was found to be in the highest permeability layer. However, at late times (after reaching pseudo steady state) it decreased to a certain level above the critical condensate saturation. Finally, formation cross-flow is found to improve the productivity of the fractured and the nonfractured gas condensate wells. However, the improvement is more pronounced in the fractured cases.     

确定凝析气井合理产能的新方法

在凝析气藏开发过程中，随着地层压力下降，反凝析油会在井底周围聚集，形成反凝析油污染，伤害地层渗透率。凝析气井合理产能是保障高效开发凝析气藏的重要参数。基于凝析油气体系在恒温条件下的反凝析渗流理论，考虑“地层——井筒——井口——地面定点”连续流动，研究了凝析气井在不同配产条件、不同生产时间下凝析油饱和度分布特征和多项渗流特征的计算分析方法。在综合分析凝析气井各种约束条件的基础上，建立了考虑凝析油污染条件下凝析气井动态优化配产理论与方法。大港油田某凝析气藏实例计算表明，采用考虑凝析油污染条件下凝析气井动态优化配产理论与方法确定出的凝析气井合理产量与实际气井产能基本一致，说明该方法具有可靠性和实用性。图3参7     

基于凝析气相变的凝析油聚集规律研究

在凝析气藏衰竭开发过程中，当压力低于露点压力时反凝析油会在井筒附近聚集，堵塞凝析气的渗流通道，降低气相有效渗透率，导致产能降低，且两相流动区和凝析油堵塞区将随着生产的延续不断向远井处扩展。根据Fevang和Whitson等对凝析油气的流动分区，利用物质平衡原理和拟稳态渗流理论，对凝析气藏衰竭开发过程中的3区变化规律进行了严格推导，得到凝析气藏衰竭开发过程的3区扩展模型。利用3区在凝析气藏中扩展和缩小的规律，能够准确预测凝析油气两相流动区和凝析油堵塞区变化规律，为正确评价凝析气井的产能提供理论依据。实例计算表明，新模型预测的3区扩展模型是正确的。