某高硅磷块岩中硅的赋存状态研究

通过对滇池地区某高硅磷块岩中Si元素的赋存状态研究,查明了Si元素及其赋存矿物的矿物学特征。该矿样中Si元素约90%赋存在硅质矿物石英、玉髓中,且以石英为主,约占71%;约10%赋存在硅酸盐矿物白云母、水云母、长石、高岭石、海绿石等中,故该矿样选矿脱硅应以脱石英为主。矿样中石英多呈不规则粒状,平均粒径为0.05mm;玉髓主要以硅质条带(条纹)或粒状胶磷矿的胶结物形态出现,和胶磷矿嵌布紧密;硅酸盐矿物的平均粒径为0.02mm。矿样需要细磨才能使有用矿物和脉石矿物解离,矿样磨至-0.074mm质量分数占99.10%时胶磷矿的单体解离度为92.52%,石英、玉髓的单体解离度为84.37%,单体解离情况较好。矿样中硅酸盐矿物的质量分数虽然较低,但会给选矿流程和后续湿法磷酸生产带来不利影响,因此在制定选矿工艺流程时应采取有效的脱硅方法。     

工艺矿物学提高磷精矿品位的可能性及途径

研究了云南某低镁风化胶磷矿的岩石类型、结构构造、矿物种类及含量、嵌布粒度特性及化学成份,测定了主要矿物的工艺特性参数,查明了矿物组成、主要矿物的嵌布特征以及磷元素的赋存状态,并对浮选精矿和尾矿进行工艺矿物学研究。阐明了影响选矿工艺的矿物学因素。对矿石性质、磷的工艺特性及影响磷回收效果的主要因素进行了研究。结合研究成果,探讨了提高云南某低镁风化胶磷矿精矿品位的可能性及途径。     

黄麦岭磷矿碳酸盐抑制剂的探讨

黄麦岭磷矿是一大型沉积变质磷灰岩矿床。尽管矿石易采易选,但碳酸盐的抑制也相当困难,许多科研单位对此进行了广泛研究,本文将对研究结果作一综合评述。 一、矿石性质 黄麦岭磷矿上层为风化矿,下部为原生矿,碳酸盐矿物主要赋存在原生矿中。有用矿物主要为氟磷灰石及少量黄铁矿,脉石矿物主要是石英、微斜长石、白云石、白云母、 炭质,石墨等。 磷灰石矿物粒度一般介于0.08～0.3毫米,常与石英、长石、白云石密切共生。碳酸盐以白云石为主,仅含少量方解石。形状多呈不规则粒状,不均匀分布,常充填于其它矿物间隙中,粒度介于0.1～0.6毫米。     

云南磷块岩中胶磷矿矿物学特征研究

对磷块岩中有用矿物胶磷矿的化学组分、物相、矿物的产状及嵌布特征、磷元素的赋存状态、原矿解离粒度进行了分析,为磷资源的开发和高效利用提供了技术支撑。     

云南混合型胶磷矿矿物嵌布特征与可浮性研究

云南难选混合型低品位胶磷矿磷含量低、硅镁铁铝等杂质含量高,通过磨矿细度试验,在最佳磨矿细度下对该矿石开展了矿物可选性和试验产品的工艺矿物学研究,结果表明:在磨矿细度为-0.074 mm质量分数占96%时,各浮选时间段的精矿中有用矿物碳氟磷灰石与其他脉石矿物的总体解离(88%～91%)较好,连生体较少;而石英单体解离相对较差(77%～90%),与碳氟磷灰石连生体较多(7%～20%);在相同浮选时间内,白云石与碳氟磷灰石的可浮性相近,相对易浮;褐铁矿、云母矿、石英和玉髓可浮性相近,褐铁矿、云母矿相对石英较难浮。各矿物的可浮性相近难以有效分离是磷精矿指标差的主要原因。     

石门胶磷矿选矿中几个技术问题的探讨

石门磷矿枫箱坡矿段属浅海相沉积层状磷块岩矿床,矿石类型为硅钙质胶磷矿,呈极细粒嵌布,P_2O_5平均品位16.12％,为中低品位磷矿石,矿石中有用矿物为胶磷矿(微碳氟磷灰石),脉石矿物主要为白云石、石英。矿石呈条带状、微层状、块状嵌布。胶     

云南胶磷矿选矿脱铬试验研究

对云南胶磷矿进行了铬元素分析,结果表明铬在胶磷矿中是一种痕量元素.多种选矿工艺试验研究结果表明,铬元素没有赋存于胶磷矿的主要脉石矿物白云石和硅质矿物中,无法利用选矿的方式有效脱除.从磷精矿粒度分布来看,粗粒级中铬质量分数较低,而细粒级中铬质量分数较高,利用该分布规律可以对磷精矿进行分级利用.     

磷块岩中稀土元素赋存状态研究

元素的赋存状态主要有3种形式:独立矿物、类质同象和吸附状态。针对贵州织金地区的磷块岩,通过数理统计分析和化学分析,研究证明了其中稀土元素的赋存状态。即磷块岩中稀土与磷呈正相关,其相关系数为0.982 86,稀土元素部分置换了胶磷矿中的Ca~(2+)后,以类质同象的形式赋存于胶磷矿中;稀土元素以吸附形式存在于粘土矿物或其他矿物中的质量分数很可能在2%~3%之间;数理统计结果证明磷块岩中稀土形成独立矿物的可能性很小。这将为进一步开发利用磷块岩中的稀土资源提供理论指导。     

高铁铝胶磷矿分散脱泥浮选工艺

浏阳磷矿含P_2O_5大于24％的原矿作商品矿或生产黄磷,小于15％的低品位矿石堆积在廖岩坡。为解决该矿石的工业应用,进行了实验室及扩大脱泥浮选试验。 一、矿石特性 浏阳磷矿属浅海沉积变质磷块岩矿床,胶磷矿集合体包裹微细石英、褐铁矿及粘土矿物,致密相嵌。含磷矿物80％是胶磷矿,其次磷赋存在银星石、纤磷钙铝石和粘土矿物中,含量分别为(％):8.37、4.31、6.56。     

沙特Ma’aden碳酸盐型磷块岩浮选试验研究

沙特Ma’aden碳酸盐型磷块岩的主要有用矿物为氟磷灰石,主要脉石矿物为方解石,其次为石英;胶磷矿主要呈碎屑状、粒状和少量短柱状,易与方解石解离。采用反浮选工艺流程可获得精矿P2O5品位为32.85%、产率为51.37%、回收率为88.61%的选矿指标。     

铁矿磁选含磷尾矿的工艺矿物学研究

云南某铁矿磁选后的含磷尾矿中,P2O5品位为17.95%,主要经济矿物为氟磷灰石和少量胶磷矿,脉石矿物主要为铝直闪石、角闪石、黑云母、赤铁矿、方解石、白云石、石英、长石和白云母。运用自动矿物分析仪的工艺矿物学参数自动定量分析测试系统,解决了传统的工艺矿物学难以准确测定矿物粒度及单体解离度的问题,为选矿工艺流程的确定提供了理论依据,具有一定的参考和指导意义。     

云南浮选风化磷矿生产湿法磷酸起泡原因研究

风化磷矿是碳酸盐类磷矿经风化作用形成的一种高质量矿石,是一种新的磷矿石工业类型。二水湿法磷酸生产企业采用浮选风化磷矿作为生产原料时萃取槽会出现大量稳定性泡沫。经过实验,证明起泡的主要原因来自于风化磷矿浮选药剂,而非风化矿自身的物理性质。解决起泡的关键在于调整浮选药剂配方,即使用高效低泡浮选药剂以及在萃取工序增加必要的消泡措施。     

Enhancing the agronomic effectiveness of natural phosphate rock with poultry manure: a way forward to sustainable crop production

Phosphorus inputs are required in highly weathered tropical soils for sustainable crop production. However, high cost and limited access to mineral P fertilizers limit their use by resource-poor farmers in West Africa. Direct application of finely ground phosphate rock (PR) is a promising alternative but low solubility of PR hampers its use. Co-application of PR with manure could be a low cost means of improving the solubility of natural PR and improve their agronomic effectiveness. Our objective was to quantitatively estimate the enhancement effect of poultry manure on P availability from low reactive PR (Togo phosphate rock) applied to highly weathered soils. We utilized two highly weathered soils from Ghana and Brazil for this greenhouse study. Using ³²P isotopic tracers, the agronomic effectiveness of poultry-manure-amended Togo rock phosphate (TPR) was compared with partially acidulated Togo rock phosphate (PAPR) and triple superphosphate (TSP). Four rates of poultry manure: 0, low (30 mg P kg⁻¹ soil), high (60 mg P kg⁻¹ soil) and very high (120 mg P kg⁻¹ soil) were, respectively, added to a constant amendment (60 mg P kg⁻¹ soil) of the P sources and applied to each pot of 4 kg soil. A Randomized Complete Block Design was used for the greenhouse experiment and Maize (Zea mays L.) was used as a test crop. The plants were grown for 42 days after which the above ground biomass was harvested for analysis. Without poultry manure addition, the agronomic effectiveness, represented by the relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) and proportion of P derived from fertilizer (% Pdff) was in the order TSP > PAPR > TPR = control (P₀). In the presence of low rate poultry manure addition, the agronomic effectiveness followed the order TSP > PAPR = PR > P₀. However, at the high and very high rates of poultry manure addition, no significant differences in agronomic effectiveness were observed among the P sources, suggesting that at this rate of poultry manure addition, PR was equally as effective as TSP. The study showed that direct application of PR co-applied with poultry manure at a 1:1 P ratio will be a viable option for P replenishment. Thus a combination of PR and poultry manure could be a cost-effective means of ensuring sustainable agricultural production in P-deficient, highly weathered tropical soils.     

安宁县街磷矿床中低品位矿石地质特征及产出状态

安宁市县街磷矿床属古生代下寒武统梅树村组大型浅海相层状磷块岩矿床。磷矿层有上、下两层,分别产于梅树村组中谊村段的1m1-3和1m1-1两个层位。中低品位磷矿石产于下矿层,主要由磷酸盐矿物和脉石矿物两部分组成,含较多碎屑成分,矿石品位10%～20%。磷酸盐矿物以胶磷矿为主,主要呈球粒或集合体球粒产出,以及在基质中呈胶结物。矿石类型主要为白云质球粒磷块岩、碎屑状砂屑磷块岩。矿石结构、构造主要为内碎屑结构、条带状构造。矿层相对稳定,但P2O5含量与矿石结构构造关系密切,品位变化明显。     

Effectiveness of partially acidulated phosphate rock as a source to plants in calcareous soils

In a series of greenhouse experiments granulated phosphate fertilizers prepared by mixing triple superphosphate with phosphate rock and partially acidulated phosphate rock, ranging in their content of water souble P from 95 to 17 per cent of total P were applied to neutral and slightly alkaline (pH 6.9–7.8), sandy loam to clay soils ranging in calcium carbonate content from 2 to 35 percent. Dry matter yield of clover, alfalfa, millet or maize were obtained, P uptake determined and sodium bicarbonate extractable P in soil measured. In one field experiment triple superphosphate was compared to mixture of triple superphosphate and phosphate rock on maize. X ray difraction on one triple superphosphate — phosphate rock mixture and on one partially acidulated phosphate rock showed that both fertilizers contain mainly monocalcium phosphate and fluorapatite. After incubation in soil the dicalcium phosphate content rose and the monocalcium phosphate disappeared.Parameters received in greenhouse experiments and in the field indicate that phosphate fertilizers composed of superphosphate and up to 50 percent phosphate rock are as efficient source of P to plants on calcareous and slightly alkaline soils as superphosphate. If this indication would be proven in extensive field experimentation it would lead to savings in acid consumption and in fertilizer manufacturing plant capacity for calcareous soils.     

白云石质磷尾矿悬浮态煅烧实验研究

白云石质磷尾矿的主要矿物成分是钙质白云石、氟磷灰石和石英,磷尾矿煅烧产品可以用来提取工业氧化镁、活性石灰和磷精矿。采用高固气比悬浮态煅烧技术对瓮福磷尾矿进行煅烧实验。该系统易于控制,炉内温度均衡稳定。物料在系统内停留时间仅为20～30 s时,煅烧产品的表观分解率达到92.9%,白云石中的碳酸镁基本完全分解。产品颗粒疏松多孔,晶粒细小, 氧化钙和氧化镁的质量分数分别为43.31%和29.20%,产品水化活性高;五氧化二磷质量分数由6.36%升至10.00%,有利于进一步提取磷精矿。     

碳酸盐新型捕收剂PA—31选矿试验研究

贵州省瓮福磷矿英坪矿段矿石属碳酸盐型磷块岩。在磨矿细度－２００目６１．２％。Ｐ２Ｏ５品位３０．７１％，ＭｇＯ３．７６％的条件下，采用硫酸为磷矿物的抑制剂，ＰＡ—３１为碳酸盐矿物捕收剂的反浮选工艺，获得精矿Ｐ２Ｏ５品位３５．８６％，ＭｇＯ０．８％，Ｐ２Ｏ５回收率９７．２０％的指标。     

磷矿对牙舟陶土煅烧性能的影响研究

牙舟陶在陶瓷业界具有举足轻重的地位,陶土对牙舟陶性能具有重要的影响。为加强对牙舟陶的研究,采用化学分析法、激光粒度仪、X射线衍射仪、综合热分析仪、数显白度仪等测试手段对牙舟陶土的化学组成、粒度分布、晶相组成、热性能及白度进行了检测。结果表明：牙舟陶土主要由石英和珍珠石组成,石英质量分数为59.34%、珍珠石质量分数为34.78%。牙舟陶土颗粒分布广泛,粒径小于6.5 μm的颗粒质量分数达到58.67%,粒径越小石英含量越低。在此基础上,结合贵州黔南丰富的磷矿资源,研究加入磷矿后牙舟陶土在煅烧过程中白度、硬度及物相组成的变化规律。研究表明：牙舟陶土的白度随着温度的升高先增大后减小,在1 100 ℃时达到最大值45.5%;加入磷矿组分后,在1 100 ℃时牙舟陶土的白度增加至54%,且煅烧时固熔体形成温度下降、烧结温度降低,并伴随钙长石矿物的产生。     

湖北白果坪磷矿镉地球化学特征及研究意义

通过对白果坪磷矿床中镉地球化学特征的研究,探讨了对磷块岩矿床中镉的表生地球化学作用过程研究的意义.白果坪磷矿风化磷矿中的镉含量较原生磷矿镉含量高近一倍,表明在地表氧化环境下,镉元素在酸性水溶液的作用下被氧化淋滤发生了明显迁移.镉在磷块岩中的赋存状态为类质同象和吸附态,在风化磷矿石中以吸附态为主.研究镉元素在表生风化作用下的活化-迁移-沉淀富集机理可以为防治磷矿山开采中可能产生的镉污染提供对策.