聚苯胺纳米线复合材料的制备与储能性分析

针对软、硬模板法制备纳米线的缺陷,提出一种步骤简单、快速且低成本的方法来获得直径均匀的PANI纳米线复合材料,并对所制备出的PANI纳米线复合材料进行表征和电化学性能研究。首先,采用阳极氧化剥离法,分别在硝酸体系、磷酸还原体系及硫酸体系中对表面光滑的石墨板进行电化学剥离处理。随后,在经过电化学剥离后的粗糙石墨表面上进行电聚合,从而得到PANI纳米线复合材料。表征分析发现,经电化学剥离处理的石墨纸表面分别生成具有大量活性点的石墨烯和氧化石墨烯,与PANI结合显著提高了PANI的导电性。其中硝酸体系制备的聚苯胺复合材料(PANI/GO)微观为纳米线组成的三维网状结构;磷酸还原体系制备的聚苯胺复合材料(PANI/GR1)微观是纳米线和纳米片层混合结构;硫酸体系制备的聚苯胺复合材料(PANI/GR2)的微观结构介于二者之间。以镁合金和上述三种PANI复合材料为电极,制备出简易的海水电池。使其在电流密度为3.75 m A·cm^-2下放电至0.9 V时止。三种电池的比能量分别为540、228和363 m Wh·g^-1,结果表明PANI/GO的储能性最优。...     

不锈钢表面聚苯胺基复合涂层的制备与防腐蚀性能研究

目的 制备一种新型复合防腐涂层,增强316L不锈钢在中高温硫酸溶液中的耐蚀性.方法 首先使用化学氧化法在石墨(G)颗粒表面原位聚合聚苯胺(PANI),制得PANI/G复合材料,再使用环氧树脂(EP)作为粘结剂,制备PANI/G/EP复合涂层.对比了PANI/G/EP复合涂层与PANI/EP复合涂层及添加氧化石墨烯(GO...     

电泳沉积耦合电化学还原法制备柔性石墨烯自支撑薄膜电极超级电容器(英文)

通过电泳沉积和电化学还原相耦合的方法制备柔性的石墨烯自支撑薄膜电极。首先,通过电沉积的方法在石墨基底上制备氧化石墨烯薄膜,然后通过对氧化石墨烯薄膜进行电化学还原,得到电容性能优异的石墨烯薄膜电极材料。通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR和电化学测试对石墨烯的表面形貌、结构和电容性能进行表征。结果表明:制备的石墨烯电容性能良好,在1 mol/L的硫酸电解液中,循环伏安扫速为10 mV/s时,比电容为254 F/g;当电流密度为83.3 A/g时,比电容能保持在132 F/g;最大功率密度可达39.1 kW/kg,能量密度为11.8 W·h/kg;充放电循环1000次后,电容能保持97.02%,表明该石墨烯薄膜电极材料具有优异的循环稳定性能。     

磷酸铁锂正极墨水配制及其电化学性能研究

磷酸铁锂(LiFePO₄, LFP)作为锂离子电池正极材料因其放电容量大、价格低廉和对环境无污染受到广泛关注。本研究旨在制备出适用于微电子打印机的性能优良的磷酸铁锂及相应复合材料正极墨水。通过配制不同浓度的磷酸铁锂墨水并制备成电极,研究最优浓度墨水制备成电极的电化学性能。研究表明,倍率为0.1 C时,打印浓度为10%的磷酸铁锂电极放电比容量高达142 mAh·g^-1,基于磷酸铁锂具有较差的导电性,选择加入少量还原氧化石墨烯提高其导电性。还原氧化石墨烯质量分数为0.6%时,磷酸铁锂和还原氧化石墨烯复合材料放电比容量达152.1 mAh·g^-1,库伦循环效率为99.2%,说明引入还原氧化石墨烯有利于提高材料整体性能。     

石墨烯/银纳米复合膜对非晶态Mg-Ni-La贮氢合金的表面改性及机理

采用熔体快淬法制备Mg_(65)Ni_(27)La_8非晶电极合金带,采用氧化还原法成功制备石墨烯/纳米银复合膜(G/A),通过高能球磨将G/A膜成功引入电极合金进行表面包覆改性。通守X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜、激光拉曼光谱仪和高分辨电镜表征显示:还原后的石墨烯呈卷曲的大片层结构,尺寸在2~5μm之间,银纳米颗粒均匀地分散在石墨烯片层上,尺寸在10~20nm之间。用恒流充放电的方法在三电极电池测试仪上测定其电化学循环性能,实验结果表明改性后合金表面的氧含量由21%降低为包覆后的10%,G/A膜有效阻止合金表面的腐蚀和粉化开裂,包覆改性后电极合金的极限电流密度提高了2.54倍,电极的接触阻抗降低87.2%,电极合金的最高放电容量由610.8mA·h/g上升为814.8mA·h/g,经过20个循环后的放电容量保持率由79.86%提升为85.76%,显著提高其电化学性能。     

三种导电防腐涂层的耐蚀性能研究

分别制备聚苯胺改性石墨烯、纳米粒子改性石墨烯和石墨/炭黑复合物三种导电防腐涂料,并将其分别涂覆在Q235钢表面制备导电防腐涂层接地材料。采用接触角仪、电化学阻抗谱、Tafel极化曲线和光学显微镜,研究了该上述涂层在酸性土壤模拟液中的腐蚀性能。结果表明:三种导电防腐涂层均具有优良的防腐性能和较大的接触角。纳米粒子改性石墨烯涂层和聚苯胺改性石墨烯涂层防腐效果大于石墨/炭黑复合导电涂层。纳米粒子改性石墨烯涂层和聚苯胺改性石墨烯涂层的保护效率分别高达92.09%和91.44%。     

水热合成还原氧化石墨烯复合氧化镍超级电容器电极材料（英文）

通过水热条件下合成氧化镍前驱物基础上同步还原氧化石墨烯,随后在空气中退火后制备了氧化镍复合还原氧化石墨烯电极材料。电化学性能测试表明,复合体系中,还原氧化石墨烯为体系中电子传导提供了良好的导电网络,因此,在电流密度0.5A/g下,其比电容值达到了360F/g高于单一氧化镍电极材料的310F/g;同时,在对复合材料的循环寿命特性的测试结果表明,由于还原氧化石墨烯提供了氧化镍电化学过程中所需的体积弛豫空间,复合电极材料的循环寿命也得到了明显的改善。由此可见,通过采用上述简单有效的制备方案可以获得性能更为优异的超级电容器电极材料,为相关电极材料的制备提供了必要的实验基础。     

锂离子电池用氧化亚铜/石墨烯负极材料的制备

在不添加表面活性剂的水溶液体系中,采用水合肼作为还原剂制备得到具有八面体形貌的氧化亚铜/石墨烯复合材料。透射电镜分析表明：氧化亚铜颗粒与石墨烯在复合物中呈多层次分布,而且氧化亚铜一次颗粒很好地嵌入在石墨烯层间。相比于纯氧化亚铜,氧化亚铜/石墨烯复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能得到了显著的改善。在100 mA/g的电流密度下循环50次后,氧化亚铜/石墨烯复合物的可逆比容量高达348.4 mA？h/g,同时,在不同倍率下（50,100,200,400,800 mA/g）循环60次后,其可恢复容量仍达305.8 mA？h/g。     

通过水热法合成的纳米铁酸镍/石墨复合阳极材料具有优异的电化学性能

作为锂离子电池阳极材料的铁酸镍及其相关材料,由于其具有较高的理论比容量,近来受到广泛关注。为了克服在充放电过程中的较低导电性与较大的体积膨胀等不良因素,本文通过水热法合成了纳米铁酸镍钉扎在石墨表面而形成的复合物。该纳米铁酸镍/石墨复合物表现出了较高的比容量以及优异的循环性能。其初始放电容量接近1478mAh g-1,并且在100 mA g-1的电流密度下循环50周之后,其可逆容量依然高达1109 mAh g-1。在1000 mA g-1的充电电流情况下,该复合材料的充电容量也能保持750 mA g-1。这优异的电化学性能主要归功于纳米铁酸镍能够稳定的钉扎在石墨表面上,这种特殊的结构增强了材料的导电性同时也增大了材料的表面比容量。     

一步水热法合成MnO_2/RGO纳米复合材料（英文）

采用一步水热法合成二氧化锰/氧化石墨烯(部分还原)纳米复合材料。实验中,以高锰酸钾、硫酸锰和氧化石墨烯溶液分别作为氧化剂、还原剂以及复合剂。对样品进行了透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱等表征。结果表明,与其他合成工艺相比,该方法不仅工艺简单,而且还可以极大地提高二氧化锰纳米颗粒的电化学性能。由于没有碳源的消耗,该方法制得的纳米复合材料可以极大地增加二氧化锰和氧化石墨烯之间的活性接触位点和提高二氧化锰的利用率。此种方法对于提高金属氧化物电容性能是一种非常有效的手段,并且有望应用于大规模制备超级电容器金属氧化物复合电极材料。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.