汽车高装饰性涂层在国内典型气候中的耐候性表现及分析

目的选择合适的试验条件和方法提高汽车涂层的耐候性。方法对比世界公认的汽车环境试验基准站的气候条件,分析国内环境试验站进行自然曝晒试验的条件,进一步分析人工加速老化试验和户外自然曝晒试验之间的规律性和相关性,分析不同底材相同涂层的耐候性表现,提出了对汽车高装饰性清漆及涂层的耐候性质量控制的建议。结果在失光率方面,人工加速老化试验3000 h与琼海(湿热)和敦煌(干热)地带自然曝晒12及15个月的结果的相关性较差(均小于0.8),与江津(酸雨)和漠河(寒冷)地带自然曝晒12及15个月的结果均出现负相关性,数据波动较大。结论对于考核汽车高装饰性涂层的清漆,人工老化试验建议3000~5000 h。自然曝晒试验至少应选择干热和湿热两个地域,时间至少为2年。由于汽车产品的特殊性,进行人工加速老化试验时需重点关注:1试验条件的选择;2试验过程要强化水分子对涂层的渗透作用;3试验要模拟昼夜温差变化。     

涂层户外暴露与室内加速腐蚀试验相关性研究

通过室内加速腐蚀和实际海洋大气暴露腐蚀试验,对醇酸漆、氯化橡胶漆、氯磺化聚乙烯漆、环氧漆等常用防蚀涂层体系的防护性能进行了研究,发现对于不同涂层室内加速腐蚀的破坏形式和程度与户外暴露结果有差异,但保持性能的优劣排序基本一致。     

金属覆盖层的大气曝露试验

通过金属覆盖层的自然曝露试验、玻璃框下的曝露试验、人工加速试验、腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物分析,考核了不同金属覆盖层的防蚀性能,筛选出了耐酸雨的经济有效防护体系。试验表明：加强工艺控制是先进有效防护体系发挥其效能的关键。其研究结果对汽车、摩托车、户外装饰及防护等具有重要参考价值。     

颜 / 填料分散工艺对环氧防热涂层性能的影响

目的研究涂料颜/填料的分散工艺与涂料的成膜过程以及涂层防热性能、环境适应性的关联。方法采用不同方法对涂料进行分散,并喷涂于钢基、钛合金基体及铝合金基体表面,对比分析涂层的物理性能、防热性能及环境适应性。结果分散良好的涂料细度约为60~70μm。实验室烧蚀试验和空中搭载试验结果验证了良好分散有助于降低内应力,增强涂层的环境适应性,延长涂层的服役寿命,提高涂层的热防护性能。结论经过充分分散得到的涂层,其外观、防热性能及寿命均达到最优。     

两种新工艺在热带海洋气候下的应用探讨

铝合金微弧氧化及氟涂料涂覆工艺等是近几年使用比较广泛的新型工艺,介绍了这两种工艺的现状及特点,探讨了在设备中的使用情况;氟涂层的防腐效果,提高氟涂层附着力的具体措施,以及微弧氧化镀层的三防性能等。通过试验、试用证明:这两种新工艺对提高大型电子设备在热带海洋气候下的可靠性和环境防护能力非常有效。     

磁悬浮道岔Zn-Al防护涂层的研究及应用

目的设计和制备高性能热喷涂Zn-Al合金防护涂层,为其在磁悬浮道岔上的应用提供必要的理论基础,提高磁悬浮道岔的耐蚀性能,延长道岔的使用寿命。方法采用3种丝材火焰喷涂工艺,分别在Q235B钢基体表面制备了Zn-Al合金涂层。通过磁性测量方法、中性盐雾腐蚀试验和划格附着力测试,分析比较这3种工艺条件下制备的Zn-Al合金涂层的厚度、耐蚀性能和附着力。结果热喷涂Zn-Al合金涂层表面光滑,在其他工艺参数不变的情况下,当火焰喷涂距离逐渐减小,喷涂的道数逐渐增加时,热喷涂层的厚度随之增加。当喷涂距离为150 mm、喷涂道数为10时,热喷涂层的厚度最大,为126μm。涂层厚度的增加提高了涂层的耐蚀性能,并且涂层的附着力保持为1级。采用保守计算可知,厚度为126μm的热喷涂Zn-Al涂层的理论防腐寿命可以达到40年。结论热喷涂Zn-Al合金涂层对基体兼具有屏蔽和阴极保护的双重防护作用,保护性能较好,延长了磁悬浮道岔的使用寿命,降低了道岔的维修和维护成本。通过对工艺参数的分析和比较,确定了最佳的热喷涂工艺参数。该工艺条件下制备的热喷涂层结合强度高,耐蚀性能好。     

光老化丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层防护性能的电化学表征

采用荧光紫外辐照UVB+冷凝的人工加速试验对丙烯酸聚氨酯清漆进行老化试验,用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)评价不同暴露时间涂层的屏障性.结果表明:随着暴露时间增加,一定频率下的低频阻抗模值|Z|下降,表现为时间的变化函数;傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析表明,紫外暴露下发生高分子断链涂层降解,而在老化12天后|Z|值的升高可能与分子的重构变化有关;因而,EIS谱的|Z|值可作为一种较为有效的表征参数来反映UV老化后有机涂层的防护性能.     

两种水性聚氨酯涂层在3种加速老化试验中的性能对比

目的 研究目前水性涂料中两种应用广泛的水性脂肪族聚氨酯涂层与水性丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层的耐候性与防腐性能的差异,探讨加速老化方法对涂层性能的影响.方法 利用3种加速老化试验(中性盐雾、紫外-冷凝以及中性盐雾-紫外冷凝循环试验)对涂层进行240 d的加速老化.通过涂层的失光率、色差以及红外吸收光谱变化,研究涂层老化情况.利用交流阻抗法判断涂层防腐性能强弱,分析两种涂层体系在不同加速老化试验中的性能变化.结果 在各加速老化试验条件下,水性脂肪族聚氨酯涂层相比于水性丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层,失光率与色差变化小,阻抗下降较少,涂层基体官能团分解程度小,说明水性脂肪族聚氨酯涂层老化程度小,防腐性能更好.3种老化加速试验对涂层阻抗影响顺序为:中性盐雾试验>循环试验>紫外-冷凝试验.对涂层色差、失光率影响顺序为:紫外-冷凝试验>循环试验、中性盐雾试验.结论 连续的盐雾渗透对涂层的防腐屏蔽性能影响最严重.紫外线对涂层官能团分解具有加速作用,是涂层老化的主要原因.水性脂肪族聚氨酯涂层比水性丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层具有更好的耐候性以及防腐性能,可以应用在强紫外线、高湿热的环境.     

有机涂层在模拟沙漠大气环境下的加速试验研究

目的在较短的时间内获得有机涂层在沙漠大气环境下的腐蚀失效规律。方法针对有机涂层中应用比较广泛的丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层,采用紫外暴晒与吹沙试验相结合的加速试验环境谱进行实验室模拟沙漠大气环境加速老化试验,通过分析涂层质量、厚度、光泽度、表面形貌及电化学阻抗的变化,研究有机涂层的老化失效过程。结果随着加速试验周期的延长,丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层发生了一系列变化,表现为涂层质量减小,厚度减薄,光泽度降低,表面微观缺陷增多,电化学低频阻抗模值减小,防护性能下降。结论通过加速试验,可以快速获得有机涂层在沙漠大气环境下的老化失效规律。     

3种高分子材料自然环境多角度暴露对比试验

自然环境暴露试验对于提高高分子材料的耐久性、耐候性具有重要意义.进行了高分子材料不同倾角的自然环境暴露试验,以暴露后样品拉伸强度的变化来表征其老化程度,从而比较不同倾角暴露对老化过程的影响,以选择出最佳试验倾角,优化自然环境暴露试验老化效率.研究结果表明:3种高分子材料(聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯和聚氯丙烯)在江津试验站的最佳试验倾角为30°.     

消失模铸造涂料性能测试新方法

针对消失模铸造涂料性能测试方法上存在的问题,提出了用同一装置和试样连续测试多项性能的新方法,开发研究出了消失模铸造涂料多性能综合测定装置。运用该装置初步研究表明,这种方法便于综合分析涂料的性能,具有较高的可靠性和灵敏度。     

PVAc对消失模水基涂料强度性能的影响

消失模铸造用水基涂料的综合强度性能对实际生产有重要影响。在分析现用消失模铸造用涂料强度测试方法的基础上,利用自制的涂料强度测试装置测量了涂料的强度性能。研究结果表明：当PVAc的加入量从2.0%增加到3.0%时,涂层的表面强度逐渐增大,超过4.0%后,增长不明显。当PVAc的加入量从2.0%增加到4.0%时,涂层的抗拉强度和抗弯强度逐渐增大,超过4.0%后,变化不显著。PVAc的加入量在3.0%-4.0%时,涂料的综合强度性能好。所设计的强度测试装置可用于消失模铸造生产用涂料性能的测试与评价。     

消失模模样和涂料材料性能检测研究及进展

对国内外消失模铸造泡沫模样和涂料的检测方法进行了论述。主要描述了目前检测技术的不足和发展趋势,X光透射、扫描电镜等先进技术开始应用于模样质量的评测。由于涂料的检测内容复杂且方法众多,行业内尚无统一标准,开发新的检测方法和标准是消失模铸造发展的迫切要求。     

消失模铸造涂料性能测试方法的研究进展

对国内外消失模涂料的透气性、强度、涂挂性等性能的测试方法以及其研究进展进行了论述。指出目前研究中存在的不足和发展趋势。开发专用测量仪器 ,并制定科学可靠的检测标准是非常重要的     

Investigations on the Suitability of Coated Steel Piping System for High Pressure Seawater Reverse Osmosis Application

This study deals with the investigations concerning with the suitability of coated steel piping system as an economically viable alternative to costly stainless steel piping for high pressure seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) application. The piping system selected for investigation is a carbon steel piping coated internally and externally with thermoplastic coating (coating powder Plascoat PPA 571). The performance of thermoplastic coating was investigated by conducting SWRO pilot plant test, salt spray test, mechanical tests and testing of the coating under crevices (both in pilot plant and laboratory), and for leachable organics and inorganics (both in laboratory and pilot plant test). The testing of coating in the pilot plant resulted in the formation of some blisters on the internal surface of the pipes. The blisters were broken causing the corrosion of underneath steel. The coating showed a poor resistance to salt fog test. In general, the coating performed satisfactorily under the crevices but showed blistering on either side of the test panels. The adhesive strength of the coating was found to be poor; however, it showed good flexibility. The results of chemical analysis did not show the leaching of organic or inorganic pollutants from the coating.     

基于微弧氧化和电化学沉积在纯Ti基体表面制备FHAP/MAO复合涂层的腐蚀行为和机械性能研究

本论文采用微弧氧化和电化学沉积（ED）技术在工业纯钛（CPTi）表面沉积氟掺杂羟基磷灰石（FHAP）/微弧氧化（MAO）复合涂层。并在Hsnk"s溶液中对未涂覆的CPTi基材和涂覆的样品进行电化学耐腐蚀性测试。本文研究了MAO界面层对涂层微观结构，力学性能和电化学性能的影响。结果表明，HAP / Ti，FHAP / Ti和FHAP / MAO / Ti复合涂层样品在模拟Hank"s溶液中显着提高了CPTi基体的耐腐蚀性能。然而，力学性能测试表明，与具有MAO界面层的FHAP / Ti涂层的结合强度（18.1MPa）相比，FHAP / Ti涂层的结合强度较差（10.7MPa）。此外，FHAP / MAO / Ti涂层与去离子水的接触角约为35.8°，这更有利于促进细胞附着和增殖。     

Peel adhesion test for thermal spray coatings

A technique for determining the adhesion of a thermal spray coating was developed by modifying procedures commonly used to test adhesion by peeling. A coating is deposited on a metal foil that has been soldered to a massive copper block, which provides mechanical support and serves as a heat sink. Then the block, foil, and coating are glued to a stiff aluminum plate, after which the copper block is removed. The foil is peeled from the coating according to a procedure similar to the ASTM D 3167 peel test. This method causes a crack to propagate precisely along the coating/substrate interface in a stable fashion, with the movement of the crack tip controlled by the peeling speed. Sample preparation, test procedures, and in-itial results are discussed. The technique has been applied to testing the local variations in adhesion for plasma-sprayed Cr₂O₃ and a Ni-Mo-Al composite on a stainless steel foil. Based on these results, testing procedures are recommended and a peel test jig is specified.     

多功能消失模铸造涂料性能测试仪研制

介绍了一种新型多功能消失模铸造涂料性能测试仪,详细描述了该仪器的测试原理和试样制作,并对工厂实际应用的多种消失模铸造涂料进行了测试.结果表明,该仪器能够快捷地测出模样高温裂解特性、涂料高温透气性和高温强度等主要性能指标且数据重复性好,测试结果与涂料的实际性状具有很好的吻合性.     

Accelerated corrosion tests in the automotive industry: A comparison of the performance towards cosmetic corrosion

Corrosion resistance is an important property requirement for materials used in the manufacturing of automobiles, particularly for vehicles that operate on roads treated with de‐icing salt. This implies to test the corrosion resistance of automotive systems, in order to make a good selection of materials. Field‐tests, including stationary and mobile exposures are normally the most reliable ways of doing this, but they are costly and time consuming, as 2–8 years exposure is generally needed for a full assessment of the corrosion resistance. Since, the use of the standard neutral salt spray test, which is well known to give a poor correlation with field data, a large development in the testing procedures has occurred with the use of cyclic corrosion tests, which alternate between pollution phase and wet/dry periods. Today, there are indeed as many accelerated corrosion tests as automotive manufacturers, which are currently used in order to develop and qualify new products against corrosion, to develop new protective coating systems and select materials. In the present work, steel‐ and zinc‐coated materials in cosmetic and crevice configuration were exposed in a large number of accelerated corrosion tests in the automotive industry. From the study, it was shown that the results and consequently the prediction on the lifetime of the same material were very much dependent on which accelerated corrosion test was used. The results were explained in terms of different salt loads applied in the different tests.     

Mikrobielle Werkstoffzerstörung – Schadensfälle und Gegenmaßnahmen für Kunst- und Naturstoffe: Beschichtungssysteme

Microbial deterioration of materials – case histories and countermeasures for plastics and natural materials: Coating systems As all other organic materials, coating films as well (e.g. paints, varnishes, plasters) are exposed to corrosion phenomenons as a result of environmental conditions. Thus, high moisture and temperature are promoting conditions for microbial growth on diverse coating materials: Microbial colonization is favoured by structural engineering faults. Microorganisms and their metabolites do not just lead to discolourisation but also to the disfigurement and finally the destruction of the structural integrity of the film. The protection of exposed and endangered coating systems from potentially harming microbial colonization is achieved by the use of fungicidal and algicidal film microbiocides well adapted to the type of coating and the application area (indoor or outdoor use). Compatibility with the coating, comprehensive efficacy, stability as well as low toxicity are main criteria for their application. In respect to efficacy, both the type and the amount of microbiocide are determined by biovalidation through testing either in the laboratory by contaminating the test panels with fungal spores and algae or in long-term field studies. In case of laboratory tests, to obtain reliable results practical conditions are created by artificial weathering such as watering and UV irradiation.