Introduction to a series of perspectives on the development of the profession of psychology.

We have asked senior psychologists who are pioneers in the development of different aspects of professional psychology to share some of their reminisces with us in honor of APAs Centennial. These essays will appear in each issue of this volume of Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. For the first issue, we have selected three essays that emphasize different topics in the development of professional psychology. Albert Ellis, prominent for his development of Rational-Emotive Therapy, shares his experience in developing one of the first private practices of psychology in the United States. Marie Skodak Crissey discusses her career, which is primarily focused on developing assessment procedures for orphans and other children with special needs. Richard Suinn describes the unique experiences of an Asian-American psychologist. Although these are three separate themes, they all weave into the tapestry that makes professional psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introduction.

As the celebration of the American Psychological Association's centennial closes with the end of 1992, so does the series of personal reflections and recollections on the development of professional psychology. Francis (Frank) A. Young, Ernst Beier, Rogers Wright, and Robert (Bob) Weitz—who have all been active in shaping professional psychology's future through their careers and through tireless efforts in state and national advocacy are our final writers. Frank Young, a prominent researcher in vision at Washington State University, presents how he became involved in state psychological association activities, ultimately becoming the executive officer of the Washington State Psychological Association and of APA's Division of State Psychological Association Affairs. Ernst Beier, an immigrant to the United States who fled his homeland during the Holocaust tells how he became interested in subtle cues in communication and shares some vignettes, one a life threatening one, about this. Rogers Wright has devoted his career to advocacy for psychology. A founder of psychology's first advocacy organization, Council for the Advancement of the Psychological Professions and Sciences, he recounts how advocacy has developed during the last three decades. The final essay is by Bob Weitz, the first psychologist to open a private practice in the state of New Jersey. His career, which has spanned half a century, gives us a glimpse of how clinical psychology grew to what it is today. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introduction.

For this issue, we have selected remembrances of three psychologists (two clinicians and one industrial/organizational) who were pioneers in various aspects of their fields. Marguerite R. Hertz, the most senior of these writers, shares her memoir of the Rorschach test's development into a major diagnostic tool for clinical psychologists. Mary Tenopyr shares how her entrance into the field of industrial psychology was almost accidental, as was true for many psychologists in that field. Larry Abt reviews the changes in clinical psychology that he experienced throughout his career, noting how psychotherapy started to dominate the field and recalling the early conflicts in psychoanalytic training institutes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of The Portable Mentor: Expert Guide to a Successful Career in Psychology.

The reviewer states that this book (see record 2003-88119-000) for students and early career psychologists can be thought of as a collection of erudite chats over a coffee at the local Starbucks with many of the most eminent leaders in psychology. The list of contributors is a who's who of psychology and includes Alan Kazdin, Phil Zimbardo, Paul Pilkonis, Ray Fowler, Steven Hayes, Ken Pope, Robert Sternberg, Tony Spirito, and Paula Kaplan. There are also many younger up-and-coming psychologists who contributed. It is definitely a "Vente" (an extra large in Starbucks parlance) covering, in 24 chapters and over 300 pages, much of psychology, including: Choosing to go to graduate school, ethics, cultural sensitivity, writing a review article, devising and teaching courses, training to be in private practice, obtaining an internship, obtaining a licence, and becoming a clinical supervisor. The information is clear, accurate, and comprehensive. What I enjoyed most about the volume is that it includes both explicit and tacit knowledge. The explicit knowledge is otherwise available in documents and websites. It is, though, seldom assembled in such an available format. The tacit knowledge is even more valuable as it is usually not available except informally from wise mentors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introduction.

As we continue on our journey of capturing some aspects of an oral history of professional psychology in writing, we selected three articles that address different aspects of the field. Dr. Leona Tyler, past president of the American Psychological Association and pioneer in the field of counseling psychology, shares with us how counseling psychology has changed over the years from being concerned with helping individuals understand themselves, make important choices, and plan their lives to being more concerned with issues traditionally in the realm of clinical psychology. The second article is written by Dr. Grant Dahlstrom, one of the "greats" in the field of objective testing. He reviews for us why he and George Welsh embarked on the writings of their books on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and what they used in their preparation of guides for clinicians. In the third article, Drs. Lillie and Barry Weiss, clinical psychologists who met and married while in graduate school in the late 1960s, to reflect on the uniqueness of the married couple experience in professional psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introduction: Diversity Within Unity.

Provides an introduction to the Clinical Psychology section of the current issue of Professional Psychology. This issue, as a whole, focuses on the future of professional psychology. This section, in particular, reflects the diversity of practitioners as well as their clients, describes a few settings in which clinical psychology is practiced, presents some of the external and internal conflicts and problems that affect both the present and future of clinical psychology, and offers some possible solutions. The first three articles use specific settings to describe some of the problems encountered by psychologists who work with underserved populations. The last four articles in this section depart from specific settings and focus on issues that affect the goals of psychology, the provision of services, the role of psychologists in training settings, and the hospital practice of psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An introduction to psychologists treating medically ill patients: Competent practice and seeking credentials in organized health care settings for routine or incidental practice.

Psychology has been recognized as a health care science and profession, and psychologists have been working clinically with medically ill patients and within organized health care settings and hospitals for decades. The potentially daunting environment of organized health care should be seen by psychology as an opportunity to further develop and expand its scope of practice. With knowledge of that environment's rules, regulations, ethics, bylaws, and traditions, the clinically competent psychologist who is first seeking to practice in hospitals should succeed alongside psychologists with busy practices who are already exclusively or occasionally within an organized health care setting or medical facility. This article reviews issues of competency, credentialing, privileges, bylaws, and practice expansion to guide psychologists toward a successful hospital practice with medically ill patients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology in Martinique.

On a recent trip to Martinique, the author was fortunate enough to be able to interview a fellow psychologist who was working in Martinique. The author discusses some of what he learned from his colleague, including the number of psychologists, the nature of their practice, and their professional knowledge. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reflections of a pioneering woman in industrial psychology.

Reflections on the life and career development of a woman early in the development of industrial psychology are recorded. The future of psychology in industry, particularly as it relates to women, is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introduction: Two Archetypes in Search of an Identity.

Counseling psychology, according to Domke's article in this present series, is a specialty that is in its adolescence. The chief reason for saying this is the perpetual agonizing about our professional identity and definition. We seem to be forever wrangling about who we are and what we want to become. In part this is due to the strongly hybrid nature of counseling psychology. We have always had one foot in psychology and the other in education. To the many reasons already put forth for this state of affairs, the author adds a metaphor that he thinks add some perspective to the current situation of counseling psychology. The model of the "psychologist" as an agent for amelioration of human suffering is of relatively recent origin. In the process of defining our unique contribution to the helping services, in general, we have been struggling with the models given to us by history. Using the Jungian perspective, we can identify some of these models of practice as archetypes that have become part of our personal and cultural heritage. The author of this article goes on to name some of the archtypes (or roles) and explains how each will affect counseling psychology in the future. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Emory L. Cowen.

Presents an overview of the career contributions of Emory L. Cowen. For his remarkable contributions to conceptual, empirical and human service advances in the fields of community and clinical psychology, community mental health and education. He has been instrumental in the creation of a field for an entire generation of psychologists. His work has changed public schools throughout the United States. His ideas, research, model programs, program evaluations, and workshops have inspired others to generate new programs that provide affordable human services to thousands of children who are otherwise unlikely to receive help. He pioneered early detection and secondary prevention research. His clear thinking and conceptual challenges have fostered the study of primary prevention and wellness in mental health, both as a field for research and as a social policy. His tireless efforts as President of APA's Division of Community Psychology, a member of the Prevention Task Panel of the President's Commission on Mental Health, and the APA Task Force on Promotion, Prevention and Intervention Alternatives in Psychology are examples of his energetic contributions to psychology in the public interest. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Canadian counselling psychology coming of age: An overview of the special section.

This paper provides a brief overview of each of the papers published in this special section on Canadian Counselling Psychology and details how the special section articles further the development of the discipline by highlighting Canadian authored scholarship, mapping out the history and current state of the discipline, and considering how the unique Canadian context shaped the literature reviewed. Specifically, this introduction outlines how the articles to follow cover the following topics: (a) the history of Canadian counselling psychology; (b) professional issues and identity; (c) counselling, training, and supervision; (d) research and scientific issues; and (e) counselling psychologists' contribution to applied psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

International School Psychology: Psychology's Worldwide Portal to Children and Youth.

International school psychology is discussed in reference to scholarly and professional development within psychology, the emergence of an international association of school psychology, its efforts to promote school psychology, prevailing characteristics of school psychologists, and additional efforts needed to further enhance its development. Nine issues that will help shape the future of international school psychology are also identified. The importance of psychology, including school psychology, in promoting children's needs and rights is underscored. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rehabilitation Psychologist as Health Care Executive: A Platform for Professional Diversification.

These are the best and worst of times in health care. Technological advances are offset by critical staff and cash shortages. Strong leadership is needed to navigate these challenges, yet the industry faces a widening leadership void. The effective psychologist possesses 5 specific competencies ("planks") that are well matched for success as a health care executive: clinical, relational, analytical, methodological, and ethical. By applying these competencies, rehabilitation psychologists can enhance their organizations and open new pathways for personal and professional growth. A 6th competency, financial, represents a unique "give and take" position that is portrayed through a replication and extension of J. G. Wiggins's (1994) analysis of careers in psychology. It is concluded that advocacy for our clients, our field, and ourselves is served by rehabilitation psychologists' achieving health care executive positions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interdisciplinary collaboration in outpatient practice.

Psychology has had a long history of collaboration with the medical profession. This collaboration has been greatly enhanced over the past decade or more as an increasing number of psychologists have become successful in applying the science and practice of psychology to the problems of health and illness. This article reviews and summarizes salient aspects of professional issues in practice that contribute to successful collaboration with physicians in primary and tertiary ambulatory health care settings. Practical strategies to enhance collaboration in independent practice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introduction to the special issue: Psychology and AIDS.

From its beginnings in 1981, psychologists have been involved in worldwide efforts to meet the many challenges of the AIDS health crisis. As researchers and practitioners, as consultants and policy advisors, as educators and evaluators, and as activists and concerned members of the community--we psychologists have responded in many ways. We have attempted a broad perspective in approaching this special issue. We wanted coverage of the science, the practice, and the social issues that AIDS has brought into focus for psychology. Any attempt to cover all the issues is doomed to failure, however. The science changes too quickly, and the disease is spreading too rapidly, for any group of journal articles to ever claim currency and comprehensiveness. The issue has been divided into six major sections, each with an introduction. We begin with articles that overview the roles of psychology in the AIDS health crisis as seen in our own profession, and from various levels of science, health care, and legislative and government action. Then we present articles reviewing some of the primary issues AIDS commands us to examine: public health, antibody testing, AIDS and the communities of Black and Hispanic men, IV drug abuse, sexual behavior change, stigma, and psychoneuroimmunology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some observations on the ideology of professional psychologists.

"Analysis of the value position of psychologists starts with an examination of certain of the intellectual postulates and biases of modern psychology. These contribute to what I call the ideology of professional psychologists… . Modern psychology derives its particular orientations in good measure from the social context of American life. The ideology of professional psychology, I shall argue, is linked to the antiphilosophical, antihistorical, narrowly means-oriented and optimistic character of much American thought and culture." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introduction.

The authors in this miniseries purport to examine the current status of school psychology in terms of professional practice; education, training, and evaluation; and, credentialing. They anticipate the future of school psychology in terms of these same dimensions. And, they either implicitly or explicitly make comparisons with other traditionally recognized psychological specialties, suggesting the potential for collaborative solutions to nagging difficulties among the specialties. Joel Meyers (see record 1989-17318-001) addresses the current state of practice and future practice of the specialty. He details the specific directions in which school psychology practice can be expected to develop in future years. Beeman N. Phillips (see record 1989-17118-001) discusses the education, training, and evaluation of practitioners today and in the future. The distinguishing features of professional psychological education and training are set forth and developed in relation to practice. Judy L. Genshaft and Jack J. Wisniewski (see record 1989-17107-001) set forth their shared perspective on present credentialing and prospects for the future. They write of licensure and credentialing as indexes of consumer protection and high professional status. Nadine M. Lambert and John H. Jackson critique the three articles. They evaluate positively what has been written and raise issues of their own. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

About This Special Issue.

This issue of the American Psychologist is devoted to what is probably the timeliest legislative topic confronting psychology today--national health insurance. In one way or another it affects all psychologists, and the way professional psychologists and the American Psychological Association address the problem has potentially far-reaching implications not only for psychology but also for society. The Congress of the United States will eventually determine the structure of national health insurance. That word has yet to be written, and with it will be determined whether national health insurance will include a mental health benefit of any substance and, if so, whether it will include the services of qualified psychologists. The articles in this Special Issue are by no means definitive. They are intended to be representative of the three groups who have a substantial interest in the topic, in the hope of stimulating discussion and involvement of the broader APA membership in the issue of national health insurance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introduction.

This article introduces the current issue of Health Psychology. The call for early intervention to prevent adulthood health problems and the need to consider each period of children's lives within its developmental perspective are the main emphases in this special issue of the journal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)