Adsorption capability of surface modified activated carbon for Cr(Ⅵ)

分别用H3PO4、KOH和ZnCl2对活性炭进行表面改性处理,研究了改性活性炭的表面化学性能及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能.实验结果表明:通过上述改性,活性炭表面官能团数量发生了改变,改性后的活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能提高.其吸附等温式均与Langmuir方程符合,吸附动力学较好地符合Lagergren二级吸附速率方程.     

不同表面改性活性炭吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

研究了不同表面改性对活性炭吸附废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的影响,将活性炭AC0在2 mol.L-1的HNO3、HCl、H2O2溶液中静置12 h并经过马弗炉煅烧后制得改性活性炭AC1、AC2、AC3。分别考察溶液的pH、吸附时间、温度对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)离子去除率的影响,采用滴定法定量检测活性炭表面的离子交换容量。结果表明:活性炭经过HNO3、HCl改性后,其Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附容量和吸附速度均显著改变,AC1、AC2阳离子交换容量分别为2.21、1.66 mmol.g-1,是AC0的1.7倍、1.28倍。活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)离子的去除率强烈地依赖于溶液的pH,当溶液pH值控制在2.0～3.0时,Cr(Ⅵ)离子的去除率达到99%左右,随后骤然降低,但是AC1、AC2对Cr(Ⅵ)离子的去除率还能保持在一个较高的水准。     

HNO3改性活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能及机理

活性炭的吸附性能与其表面化学密切相关,本研究为讨论活性炭表面氧化改性对其Cr(Ⅵ)吸附特性的影响,分析了Cr(Ⅵ)吸附过程与活性炭表面化学性质的关系,阐释吸附机理。结果表明,与未改性活性炭相比,硝酸氧化改性后活性炭对溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能提高,且改性后活性炭的比表面积和孔容积降低,表面的羧基、内酯基和酚羟基等酸性含氧官能团的数量增多。改性活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程可用Langmuir、Freundlich、D-R和Temkin4种吸附模型模拟,吸附动力学数据与拟二级动力学模型吻合。采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征了改性前后活性炭的表面化学性质。Cr(Ⅵ)在活性炭上的吸附机理主要为静电吸引、还原和配位络合等,与Cr(Ⅵ)发生络合作用的是活性炭表面含氧官能团。     

表面改性活性炭对CO_2的吸附性能

研究了用 H2 O2 ,HNO3加醋酸铜溶液进行表面改性后的活性炭对 CO2 的吸附性能 ,分析了改性前后活性炭的表面化学性质 ,测定了 2 73K下的吸附等温线 ,用 D- A方程对吸附等温线进行了很好的拟合 ,探讨了表面改性对活性炭表面化学性质的影响及其表面化学性质与吸附性能之间的关系。     

氧化改性和热处理联合作用后活性炭吸附六价铬的研究

采用不同浓度硝酸氧化联合热处理的方法对活性炭(AC)进行表面化学改性,并研究了改性之后活性炭的Cr(VI)的吸附性能以及溶液初始浓度、pH、温度和时间等因素对其吸附性能的影响。研究发现,在空气氛围下,经20wt%的沸腾的硝酸溶液氧化3 h,450℃条件下马弗炉热处理2h后活性炭(MAC-20)的Cr(VI)的吸附性能最好,饱和吸附容量为34.89mg·g~(-1),比AC增加了10.77mg·g~(-1)。溶液pH是MAC-20的Cr(VI)吸附性能的主要影响因素,pH=2,MAC-20达到最大吸附值。MAC-20的Cr(VI)吸附规律符合Lagergren准二级反应速率模型,Cr(VI)在MAC-20表面的吸附行为主要以化学吸附为主。     

活性炭孔结构和表面官能团对吸附甲醛性能影响

通过对不同比表面积和孔结构的活性炭进行甲醛吸附的研究，以重量法精确测量活性炭对甲醛气体的饱和吸附量，比较各种活性炭和改性活性炭的吸附效果。实验表明，活性炭对甲醛分子的吸附与其孔结构和表面官能团密切相关，微孔比表面积大吸附效果明显，中孔比表面积大达到吸附平衡的时间短。此外，通过对活性炭浸渍改性的研究表明，强氧化性的HNO，和H202处理的样品均有利于对甲醛分子的吸附，而氨基改性过的样品吸附效果减弱，主要原因是HNO3改性增加了活性炭表面的C=O、O-C=O等含氧官能团的量，从而改善了对甲醛的吸附效果。     

改性活性炭吸附处理含铬电镀废水的研究

分别采用硫酸和双氧水对活性炭迚行改性,测定了改性后活性炭的表面面积和含氧官能团数量,以改性后的活性炭为吸附剂,用于处理含铬电镀废水。考察了pH值、吸附时间和吸附剂用量等对Cr(VI)去除率的影响,并研究了其吸附等温线。研究表明,相比未改性活性炭,改性后的活性炭含氧官能团数量明显增加,并且改性后活性炭有利于对废水中Cr(VI)的吸附,经双氧水改性后的活性炭的吸附效果最好。     

硝酸氧化改性活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能的研究

采用一定浓度的浓硝酸氧对活性炭颗粒进行表面氧化处理,研究了改性对活性炭吸附Cr（Ⅵ）性能。的影响。结果表明,改性使活性炭表面含氧官能团显著增加,对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附作用增强。考察了接触时间、pH,温度等条件对吸附效果的影响,并对吸附机理进行了初步探讨。     

榛子壳活性炭对Cr(VI)重金属废水的吸附研究

以榛子壳为原料，磷酸为活化剂，通过700℃高温炭化150 min制备活性炭，评价榛子壳活性炭对Cr(VI)重金属模拟废水的吸附性能，分别考察活性炭添加量、接触时间、溶液初始pH值、Cr(VI)初始浓度对Cr(VI)吸附能力的影响，通过傅里叶变换红外光谱对活性炭表面的官能团进行表征，利用扫描电镜对吸附前后活性炭的表面形貌进行观察。结果表明，Cr(VI)的最佳吸附条件为活性炭用量0.4 g(100 mL体系),接触时间240 min,溶液初始pH值=3.0,Cr(VI)初始质量浓度50 mg·L^-1,吸附率高达98.67%。红外光谱分析显示活性炭表面存在大量以—OH、—C=O、—C=C基团为主的官能团，对活性炭的吸附性能具有至关重要的作用。吸附前后活性炭微粒的扫描电镜显示，吸附后的活性炭颗粒由于表面附着有大量Cr(VI),较吸附前的活性炭颗粒明显变长，说明榛子壳活性炭的吸附能力较强。本研究表明，利用磷酸为活化剂，经高温活化制备的活性炭具有良好的Cr(VI)吸附性能，为进一步开发农林果壳废弃物的高附加值环保吸附剂材料提供了实验依据。     

硅烷试剂改性活性炭的制备及对苯胺的吸附性能研究

利用3-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPTMS)对多孔活性炭进行表面改性。利用物理吸附仪对吸附剂进行表征,研究了改性活性炭对水中苯胺的吸附性能。结果表明,改性后活性炭对水中苯胺的吸附容量显著提高,与改性前相比,吸附容量提高了1.6倍,对苯胺的吸附符合Freundlich模型,改性后活性炭1/n=0.4886,使吸附趋于容易进行。     

Study of cobalt adsorption from aqueous solution on activated carbons from almond shells

The adsorption of cobalt from aqueous solutions in a series of activated carbons obtained from almond shells has been studied. The chemical nature and textural characteristics of those activated carbons were investigated. Both surface basicity and porosity increase with increasing activation time. The cobalt uptake on those activated carbons also increases with the activation time. A great enhancement of the cobalt uptake was found when those activated carbons were treated with concentrated nitric acid. The influence of the pH on the cobalt adsorption process was also studied.     

活性炭电极电容法脱盐性能的研究

研究了活性炭用于电容法脱盐时的电化学性能。用恒压充放电方法研究了操作电压对活性炭电吸附性能的影响,比较了活性炭对不同金属离子的电吸附性能,初步研究了活性炭物性参数与其电吸附性能的关系。结果表明,操作电压与活性炭电吸附容量呈线性关系(0.6~1.2 V),活性炭电极经恒压充放电循环后动态电吸附容量有一定的衰减,这可能与活性炭的表面官能团有关;4种活性炭对质量分数0.1%的碱金属和碱土金属氯化物吸附性能的比较发现,702#活性炭综合性能最好,对于KC l的吸附容量达27.9 mg/g,对NaC l的吸附容量达19.0 mg/g,对于MgC l2的吸附容量达17.0 mg/g;离子特性影响活性炭的电吸附性能;活性炭的比表面积和孔结构是影响活性炭电吸附性能的两个关键因素,比表面积较大、中孔较丰富的活性炭其电吸附性能更好。     

几种活性炭表面酸性基团的测定及其对吸附性能的影响

考察了测定活性炭表面酸性基团方法的影响因素，测定了几种活性炭表面酸性基团的数量，初步研究了苯酚和苯甲酸在活性炭上的吸附与活性炭表面酸性基团的数量、种类之间的关系，结果表明：苯酚和苯甲酸在活性炭上的吸附在相当程度上受活性炭表面酸性基团的数量与种类的影响；苯酚的吸附量，随活性炭单位表面上酚羟基和羧基数量的增加而降低；而苯甲酸的吸附则与炭表面的酸性基团总量有关。     

活性炭表面化学改性技术的研究进展与展望

活性炭表面官能团和杂原子的数量与种类是影响活性炭吸附性能的重要因素。国内外研究表明,通过对活性炭进行表面改性可以显著改善活性炭对特定物质的吸附性能。文章简要介绍了活性炭的物理和化学性质,并从活性炭材料的表面化学性质方面论述了近年来国内外在活性炭材料改性方面的研究进展,最后提出了活性炭表面改性技术的发展方向和趋势。     

Diesel fuel desulfurization with hydrogen peroxide promoted by formic acid and catalyzed by activated carbon

Desulfurization of diesel fuels with hydrogen peroxide was studied using activated carbons as the catalysts. Adsorption and catalytic properties of activated carbons for dibenzothiophene (DBT) were investigated. The higher the adsorption capacity of the carbons is, the better the catalytic performance in the oxidation of DBT is. The effect of aqueous pH on the catalytic activities of the activated carbons was also investigated. Oxidation of DBT is enhanced when the aqueous pH is less than 2, and addition of formic acid can promote the oxidation. The effect of carbon surface chemistry on DBT adsorption and catalytic activity was also investigated. Adsorption of DBT shows a strong dependence on carboxylic group content. The oxidative removal of DBT increases as the surface carbonyl group content increases. Oxidative desulfurization of a commercial diesel fuel (sulfur content, 800 wt. ppm) with hydrogen peroxide was investigated in the presence of activated carbon and formic acid. Much lower residual sulfur content (142 wt. ppm) was found in the oxidized oil after the oxidation by using the hydrogen peroxide-activated carbon-formic acid system, compared with a hydrogen peroxide-formic acid system. The resulting oil contained 16 wt. ppm of sulfur after activated carbon adsorption without any negative effects in the fuel quality, and 98% of sulfur could be removed from the diesel oil with 96.5% of oil recovery. Activated carbon has high catalytic activity and can be repeatedly used following simple water washing, with little change in catalytic performance after three regeneration cycles.     

酸改性活性炭对甲苯、甲醇的吸附性能

分别用1 mol·L^-1硝酸、1 mol·L^-1盐酸、1 mol·L^-1硫酸对商业活性炭进行浸渍改性。采用比表面积及孔径分析仪、Boehm滴定、傅里叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)对活性炭的物化性质进行表征。以甲苯、甲醇为吸附质,在283 K下进行了固定床吸附实验。研究表明:酸改性能去除表面碱性基团,显著增加表面酸性含氧官能团的含量;酸改性活性炭的吸附量与其比表面积、总孔容、微孔孔容、表面总酸性官能团呈现出良好的线性关系;Langmuir方程比Freundlich方程更加适合描述甲苯、甲醇在活性炭上的吸附;甲醇在活性炭上为物理吸附,甲苯在活性炭上以物理吸附为主,与表面官能团之间的化学键作用能增强甲苯吸附量;甲苯、甲醇在活性炭上的微孔有效扩散系数的大小顺序为:AC-N>AC-1>AC-S>AC-C;并且甲醇的微孔有效扩散系数大于甲苯。     

活性炭表面含氧官能团对水中卤乙酸吸附去除的影响

为了改善极性、亲水性卤乙酸(HAAs)分子在非极性、疏水性活性炭上的吸附性能,利用N₂等温吸附实验、X射线光电子能谱实验（XPS）、HAAs等温吸附实验等方法,对几种不同产地的活性炭孔隙结构、表面元素形态结构组成,以及HAAs吸附性能进行了研究,考察了活性炭孔结构及含氧官能团对HAAs吸附性能的影响.活性炭表面含氧官能团对HAAs的吸附性能影响显著,当活性炭表面含氧官能团组成较小时,其HAAs吸附能力较强.     

Importance of activated carbon's oxygen surface functional groups on elemental mercury adsorption

The effect of varying physical and chemical properties of activated carbons on adsorption of elemental mercury (Hg⁰) was studied by treating two activated carbons to modify their surface functional groups and pore structures. Heat treatment (1200 K) in nitrogen (N₂), air oxidation (693 K), and nitric acid (6N HNO₃) treatment of two activated carbons (BPL, WPL) were conducted to vary their surface oxygen functional groups. Adsorption experiments of Hg⁰ by the activated carbons were conducted using a fixed-bed reactor at a temperature of 398 K and under N₂ atmosphere. The pore structures of the samples were characterized by N₂ and carbon dioxide (CO₂) adsorption. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and base-acid titration experiments were conducted to determine the chemical characteristics of the carbon samples. Characterization of the physical and chemical properties of activated carbons in relation to their Hg⁰ adsorption capacity provides important mechanistic information on Hg⁰ adsorption. Results suggest that oxygen surface complexes, possibly lactone and carbonyl groups, are the active sites for Hg⁰ capture. The carbons that have a lower carbon monoxide (CO)/CO₂ ratio and a low phenol group concentration tend to have a higher Hg⁰ adsorption capacity, suggesting that phenol groups may inhibit Hg⁰ adsorption. The high Hg⁰ adsorption capacity of a carbon sample is also found to be associated with a low ratio of the phenol/carbonyl groups. A possible Hg⁰ adsorption mechanism, which is likely to involve an electron transfer process during Hg⁰ adsorption in which the carbon surfaces may act as an electrode for Hg⁰ oxidation, is also discussed.     

Influence of nitric acid concentration on the characteristics of active carbons obtained from a mineral coal

This paper deals with the effect of the concentration of nitric acid solutions on the properties of activated carbons obtained by the oxidation of a parent activated carbon. For this purpose a mineral coal from Algeria has been used as raw material to prepare the parent active carbon AC. This was further treated with nitric acid solutions. The analysis of the samples includes the chemical and textural characterization. The former was carried out by selective titrations and FTIR spectroscopy. The latter, by nitrogen and carbon dioxide adsorption at 77 and 273 K, respectively, and by adsorption of organic probes (benzene, dichloromethane, cyclohexane and 2,2-dimethyl butane) at 303 K. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms have been analysed by using the BET equation, α_s-method and molecular simulation. The Dubinin-Radushkevich approach has been applied to the carbon dioxide and vapours adsorption data. The results show that the treatment with 2 N nitric acid solution is very appropriate because it introduces a large amount of oxygen containing groups with a small change of the textural characteristics of the parent AC. More concentrated nitric acid solutions change in large extent the textural properties although they also introduce large amount of chemical groups.     

硝酸浓度对橄榄石基活性炭特性的影响(英文)

In this work we investigated the effect of nitric acid concentration on the pore structure, surface chemistry and liquid phase adsorption of olive stone based activated carbon prepared by mixing process using phosphoric acid and steam as activating agents. Chemicals and textural characterization show that the increase of HNO3 concentration increases considerably the total acidic groups but decreases specific surface area and pore volume. The study of adsorption in aqueous solutions of two organics, phenol and methylene blue, on raw and oxidized activated carbon indicates that the treatment of mixed activated carbon with different concentrations of nitric acid improves the adsorbent capacity for methylene blue at HNO3 concentrations less or equal to 2 mol·L 1, while it has a negative effect on phenol adsorption.