高压静电场处理对香蕉果实成熟生理的影响

以香蕉果实为试验材料,在(20±1)℃试验冷库中贮藏21d,贮藏期间用－100kV/m和－200kV/m的高压静电场连续处理并测定果实的呼吸强度、乙烯释放量、硬度、果皮颜色变化以及果肉淀粉和可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明：连续高压静电场处理可以使香蕉果实的呼吸跃变和乙烯释放高峰提前,淀粉转化为糖的速度快而且比对照早,果皮叶绿素含量明显低于对照,同时处理后的果肉硬度下降,低于对照;并且－200kV/m处理组的效果要优于－100kV/m处理组。说明高压静电场连续处理促进了香蕉果实的成熟,尤以－200kV/m处理组比对照提前成熟4d。     

高压静电场在食品保鲜中的应用研究

从食品的保鲜期，酶活性，杀菌和结解等四个试验探讨了高压民场在食品中保鲜中的作用。     

高压静电场对菜豆角冷害的影响

以菜豆角为试材,研究了场强为-100kV/m和100kV/m的高压静电场(HighVoltageElectrostaticField,HVEF)处理对菜豆角贮藏过程中冷害发生的影响。试验结果表明,在5℃下,不同场强方向高压静电场处理都能降低菜豆角的冷害指数和锈斑指数,表明高压静电场处理对菜豆角的冷害有明显的抑制作用。通过对高压静电场处理下菜豆角的细胞膜透性和膜脂过氧化作用的观测发现,冷害温度下高压静电场处理组菜豆角细胞膜透性及丙二醛(MDA)累积程度都有显著降低。说明高压静电场能抑制冷害的发生,其原因可能在于高压静电场处理能有效地保护细胞膜的结构,并减轻膜脂的过氧化程度。     

不同处理方式下高压电场对大肠杆菌杀菌效应的比较研究

对大肠杆菌进行高压匀强电场杀菌效应的研究。通过干燥处理和溶液处理的比较实验发现：干燥处理对大肠杆菌灭活效果显著,随着时间的延长、电压的升高,其致死率呈上升趋势;当处理1min时：电压为1kV/cm存活率是对照的6倍以上,电压为2kV/cm,存活率是对照的约一半左右,之后随电压的升高,存活率与对照相比在20%上下波动;当处理10min时：电压为1kV/cm存活率是对照的49%,电压达3kV/cm及以上时,存活率为3%及以下。溶液处理下对大肠杆菌的灭活效果较差,存活率总的变化趋势呈振荡型。一定强度的场强可以促进大肠杆菌的萌发,使存活率提高。结果表明,相对溶液处理,干燥处理的杀菌效果显著,可望开发应用于干燥物料的消毒杀菌。     

低压静电场处理对樱桃番茄采后品质及线粒体氧化还原代谢的影响

低压静电场技术是一种可以延长果蔬保鲜期的技术,为探究其对果蔬采后品质的影响,以樱桃番茄为材料,研究低压静电场(200、300mV)处理对樱桃番茄在(4±1)℃贮藏期间品质、活性氧代谢和线粒体氧化还原代谢的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,低压静电场处理降低了樱桃番茄呼吸速率,延缓了失重率的上升和可溶性固形物、酸度的下降,保持了樱桃番茄的硬度;同时,低压静电场处理显著提高了贮藏期间樱桃番茄的过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活力以及抗坏血酸的含量(P<0.05),进而抑制过氧化氢和超氧阴离子自由基等活性氧的产生和积累。 进一步分析发现,低压静电场处理还可以抑制樱桃番茄线粒体细胞色素c/a的降低,提高一氧化氮含量,以维持线粒体氧化还原状态;同时,可提高线粒体NAD⁺含量、降低NADH含量,提高NAD⁺/NADH 比例,使线粒体氧化还原电势处于较高水平。低压静电场处理可抑制樱桃番茄的活性氧产生和维持线粒体氧化还原的平衡状态进而保持樱桃番茄贮藏品质。     

热激处理对鲜切甜椒活性氧代谢及贮藏品质的影响

为探讨热激处理鲜切甜椒的保鲜作用,对鲜切甜椒进行热水45、50、55℃分别浸泡10、4、1min处理后,于8℃冷藏期间分析了活性氧水平、抗氧化酶活性及品质指标。热激处理50℃4min和55℃1min,可抑制超氧阴离子（O-2）产生,减少过氧化氢（H2O2）含量,诱导提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性,抑制过氧化物酶（POD）活性,同时可以抑制丙二醛（MDA）积累,有效保持鲜切甜椒重量、叶绿素及可溶性蛋白质含量,55℃1min处理效果好于50℃4min处理。表明适宜的热激处理可通过调节活性氧代谢保持鲜切甜椒冷藏品质。      

高压静电场（HVEF）联合冰温处理对莲藕贮藏品质变化的影响

以新鲜莲藕为试材,研究了高压静电场联合冰温技术对莲藕贮藏期间褐变和贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,高压静电场处理联合冰温贮藏对莲藕贮藏期间的褐变有抑制作用,贮藏28 d后褐变度仅为7(A410×10),腐烂指数为15%,均明显低于对照。同时产品保持较高的硬度和可溶性固形物含量,贮藏28 d后硬度约保持为3 kgf/cm2,可溶性固形物约为4%。并且贮藏28 d后,呼吸强度为50 mg/kg.h,乙醇含量为18 nmol/g,细菌总数为5 CFU/g,均明显低于对照,说明该处理可以有效地抑制呼吸强度和乙醇的积累,控制微生物数量的增加,减少腐烂发生。     

高压静电场结合制冷对刀额新对虾的保鲜作用

为探究高压静电场技术对刀额新对虾冷藏期间品质的影响,本研究在实验条件下选取三种高压(8 kV、12 kV、16kV)在4 ℃低温贮藏条件下连续处理刀额新对虾,于贮藏第0d、2d、4d和6d测定其色差、质构、pH值、TVB-N值、TBA值和菌落总数等鲜度指标的变化.研究结果表明,高压静电场处理组样品表现出更好的颜色和质构...     

Effect of high-voltage electrostatic field on quality of carrot juice during refrigeration

In the present study, carrot juice was used as the experimental material and stored in a 100 kV/m high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF; E-group) which was used as a freshness-retention system. The changes in the biological properties were investigated relative to those juices which were stored in a common refrigerator (R-group) and controlled at the same temperature (4 °C). The results showed that the extent of color difference (ΔE), amount of total phenolics, tannins, and total plate counts of carrot juice were increased during the storage period, whereas the turbidity and amount of total carotenoids decreased under all treatment conditions. These factors remained relatively constant during storage in the E-group, whereas a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the R-group. The HVEF treatment yielded better physicochemical properties and prolonged the shelf-life of the carrot juice. The application of HVEF at low temperature has the potential of imparting freshness and a high nutritional value to the products.     

硒对镉胁迫下酿酒酵母抗氧化活性的影响

利用酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）作为模式生物,主要通过测定硒对镉胁迫下酿酒酵母细胞内活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）和丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量,及重要抗氧化酶包括超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）和过氧化物酶（peroxidase,POD）抗氧化活性的变化,研究硒对镉胁迫下酿酒酵母的抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明：镉处理能极显著提高酿酒酵母细胞内ROS和MDA含量（P＜0.01）,进而对酿酒酵母细胞产生氧化胁迫,在培养体系内加入一定量的外源硒可极显著（P＜0.01）增加酿酒酵母细胞内抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT和GSH-Px活性,提高抗氧化物谷胱甘肽含量,加强酿酒酵母细胞对ROS和MDA的清除能力,这些结果表明外源硒的添加在酿酒酵母体内亦可对镉的影响产生拮抗作用,且与在动植物体内表现出一致的趋势,后续可以利用酿酒酵母作为模式生物进一步研究硒对镉毒性拮抗作用的一些机制。     

Effect of high voltage electrostatic field treatment on thawing characteristics and post-thawing quality of frozen pork tenderloin meat

The thawing characteristics and post-thawing quality of frozen pork treated with high voltage electrostatic fields (HVEF) were compared with those of an air-thawed control. A multiple points-to-plate electrode operating at voltages above 6 kV significantly shortened the thawing time. Under electrode voltages 4, 6, 8, and 10 kV, thawing times were 70, 52, 46, and 40 min respectively, versus 64 min in the control. HVEF treatment was particularly effective in the temperature range −5–0 °C. HVEF treatment reduced the total microbial counts in thawed frozen meat by 0.5–1 log CFU/g, without affecting meat quality. During five days of post-thawing storage, the volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) levels increased from 10.64 to 16.38 mg/100 g under 10 kV applied voltage, while the control VBNs increased from 10.66 to 19.87 mg/100 g. This suggests an application potential for HVEF treatment in the thawing and storage of frozen meat.     

Improving effect of a probiotic mixture on memory and learning abilities in d-galactose–treated aging mice

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiaging effect of a probiotic mixture using an in vivo mouse model in which aging was induced with d-galactose. Results of the Morris water maze test indicated that long-term administration of the probiotic mixture improved memory and learning abilities and ameliorated the apoptosis pattern in the hippocampus of aging mice treated with d-galactose. An antioxidation experiment indicated that administration of the probiotic mixture could restore activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase and inhibit the production of malondialdehyde. The antioxidant-related proteins nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were upregulated in liver after treatment of d-galactose–treated aging mice with probiotics. Finally, the probiotic treatment did affect the production of short-chain fatty acids in d-galactose–treated aging mice. Our results highlighted a possible antioxidative effect triggered by short-chain fatty acids that contributed to improving the memory and learning abilities following treatment with the probiotic mixture and suggested that probiotics could serve as a therapy to modulate physiological function.     

高压静电场对早艳桃贮藏品质的影响

以早艳桃果实为原料,研究了-100kV／m高压静电场处理对果实失重率、褐变率、腐烂率、果肉硬度、呼吸强度以及相对电导率变化的影响。试验结果表明,高压静电场处理能够有效保持桃果实的采后品质,明显降低早艳桃贮藏过程中的失重率、褐变率和腐烂率,对桃果实的呼吸强度有一定的抑制作用,减缓果实硬度的下降过程,同时使果实果皮相对电导率上升缓慢。     

活性氧对河岸葡萄叶圆片抗氧化酶活性的影响

研究了离体处理下活性氧对河岸葡萄叶圆片抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明,外源H2O2和Fe2++H2O2处理4 h可引起河岸葡萄叶圆片细胞膜透性明显增加,引起APOD,GPOD和SOD活性明显下降,但低浓度活性氧可不同程度引起叶圆片CAT活性增加;细胞膜透性与活性氧浓度呈显著正相关.     

减压贮藏对番茄果实抗氧化物质和抗氧化酶的影响

为了研究不同减压处理对番茄果实后熟过程中抗氧化性的影响,以粉冠番茄为材料,研究了在43.6、73.0kPa和常压三个压力条件下,番茄中维生素C、番茄红素和谷胱甘肽含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性变化规律。结果表明,减压贮藏显著推迟了番茄中维生素C含量的高峰,在一定程度上延迟了番茄红素和谷胱甘肽含量的高峰,并且压力越低效果越显著(p<0.05);在果实后熟过程中SOD、CAT活性逐渐下降,而减压处理可显著抑制SOD活性下降(p<0.05)。POD活性在贮藏期间呈现先降后升的趋势,减压处理可以有效地保持较高的抗氧化酶活性。结论:减压处理贮藏可以显著保护番茄果实中的抗氧化物质和抗氧化酶活性,而且一定范围内压力越低效果越好。      

高压电场技术在食品杀菌中的应用研究进展

高压电场技术是极具有工业化应用前景的低温杀菌技术之一,由于其杀菌效率高、能耗小、无污染且对食品品质影响小,因而在未来食品杀菌领域具有广阔的发展前景。本文对常见的两种高压电场类型,高压静电场和高压脉冲电场的装置特点、杀菌相关电场参数以及杀菌机理进行了介绍,综述了二者在固体和液体食品杀菌中的应用研究进展,介绍了国内外对传统电场设备暴露的缺点的改进情况,并总结了高压电场与其他杀菌技术的联用,最后展望了高压电场技术在未来的发展前景。