红外图像WBC变换方向内和尺度间降噪

针对传统图像降噪算法不能很好处理含噪红外图像的问题,本文分析红外图像在WBC变换后邻域系数相关性将广义CB形态学应用于邻域系数降噪,并结合基于尺度间相关性的自适应阈值降噪,提出一种基于WBC变换邻域系数相关性和尺度间相关性的红外图像降噪算法。仿真结果表明,该方法相比Bayes估计降噪、WBC尺度间硬阈值降噪和WBC尺度间自适应降噪获得了更好的SNR提升,其SSIM值也更接近于1。     

基于尺度间和尺度内相关性的平稳小波红外图像去噪

提出了一种基于尺度间和尺度内相关性的平稳小波变换红外图像去噪方法.首先对红外图像进行离散平稳小波变换,分别对各个分解层的高频子带,利用不同尺度小波系数形成的系数向量,通过线性最小均方误差估计小波系数,获得各个高频子带的估计系数,再利用小波系数尺度内的邻域相关性对小波系数进行修正,然后通过小波反变换得到去噪图像.仿真结果表明,考虑尺度间和尺度内相关性的平稳小波红外图像去噪算法能有效地去除红外图像噪声,在信噪比和视觉质量上要优于单纯考虑尺度间相关性的去噪方法.     

基于尺度间和尺度内相关陛的平稳小波红外图像去噪

提出了一种基于尺度间和尺度内相关性的平稳小波变换红外图像去噪方法。首先对红外图像进行离散平稳小波变换,分别对各个分解层的高频子带,利用不同尺度小波系数形成的系数向量,通过线性最小均方误差估计小波系数,获得各个高频子带的估计系数,再利用小波系数尺度内的邻域相关性对小波系数进行修正,然后通过小波反变换得到去噪图像。仿真结果表明,考虑尺度间和尺度内相关性的平稳小波红外图像去噪算法能有效地去除红外图像噪声,在信噪比和视觉质量上要优于单纯考虑尺度间相关性的去噪方法。     

基于Contourlet变换和模糊理论的红外图像增强算法

红外图像具有噪声大、对比度低等特点,针对该特点,提出了一种基于Contourlet变换与模糊理论的红外图像增强算法。首先对图像进行Contourlet变换,得到多尺度多方向的低通子带和带通子带。对低通子带,进行基于子带系数最大最小值的线性变换,提高图像的整体对比度;对于带通子带,先估计噪声阈值,对子带系数进行抑制噪声处理,然后通过模糊增强算法,对高频系数进行非线性增强,增强目标边缘纹理的特征,抑制背景信号。最后经过Contourlet逆变换得到对比度增强,噪声被抑制的图像。经过算法仿真,与几种现有的图像增强算法相比,该算法更能有效地抑制噪声,增强图像的对比度,突出图像的边缘与细节纹理信息。     

基于轮廓变换的自适应阈值图像去噪算法

针对Contourlet变换子带系数相关的特性,对图像去噪的阈值进行了研究,提出了一种新的自适应阈值图像去噪算法。该方法首先对噪声图像进行Contourlet变换,得到不同尺度、不同方向上的子带系数,再根据子带系数的能量关系采用改进的Bayes Shrink自适应阈值对图像进行去噪处理。实验结果表明:这种方法提高了图像的PSNR值,增强了去噪后图像的视觉效果,而且更好地保留了图像的边缘信息。     

基于小波变换的自适应多模红外小目标检测

小波变换是一种有效的红外小目标检测方法。然而,在不同的子带、不同方向上,信号和噪声所呈现的特性不同,采用单一的阈值往往无法得到一个令人满意的检测结果。针对这一情况,提出了一种基于小波变换的自适应多模红外小目标检测算法。该算法可以根据不同尺度和方向上噪声的分布自动调整阈值,使得检测结果更加有效。其中分别采用了自适应Bayes Shrink阈值和广义交叉验证阈值处理每个子带的小波系数,接着再利用处理后的系数重构小波图像,最后通过一个简单的全局阈值分割得到红外小目标。实验结果表明,与对照方法相比,所提出的算法具有更好的检测性能和鲁棒性。     

基于小波变换与像元对目标的短波红外图像增强算法

弱光夜视是短波红外成像的重要应用领域之一。针对短波红外弱光图像对比度低,增强后噪声也被放大的特点,提出了一种基于小波变换与像元对目标的短波红外图像增强算法。首先通过小波变换获得不同频率成分的子带图像;然后对低频子带图像进行基于像元对目标的灰度变换处理,对高频子带图像进行可变阈值降噪处理;最后通过小波反变换将处理后的子带重构得到增强结果。将该算法与基于直方图的增强算法,全局优化线性窗口色调映射算法和自然保持增强算法进行比较,采用图像的信息熵和基于Michelson法则的对比度增强度量作为客观评价指标,结果表明本文算法更为有效地提高了短波红外弱光图像的对比度,抑制了噪声的增强,提升了图像的视觉效果。     

基于双密度双树复数小波变换的合成 孔径雷达图像降噪研究

 针对合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像相干斑噪声抑制问题,本文将双密度双树复数小波变换(DD-DT CWT)结合具有局部方差估计的双变量收缩阈值函数(BSF)构成一种新的SAR图像降噪算法实现合成孔径雷达图像降噪.首先将SAR图像用双密度双树复数小波变换进行多尺度分解,考虑小波系数间的相关性,用双变量概率密度函数作为小波系数及其父代系数的统计关性的模型,并通过Bayesian估计理论导出相应的非线性双变量收缩函数对图像不同方向的小波系数进行非线性自适应的处理,最后重建降噪后的图像.分别用仿真SAR图像和实际图像对算法进行验证,并与其它方法的性能进行比较,对不同算法处理后图像进行了主客观评价,分析结果表明,新算法的去噪效果明显优于传统的小波变换方法,不仅有效实现了图像降噪,而且较好保留了图像细节.含噪SAR图像经该算法处理后,图像性能指标均有提高.     

基于小波变换与Retinex的电路板红外图像增强技术

电路板红外图像发热芯片区域的增强是红外图像故障检测系统中一项重要研究内容。针对电路板某些芯片的发热量小,芯片区域红外图像与背景差异弱的特点,为提高故障检测效率,设计了一种融合小波变换与改进的多尺度Retinex红外图像增强算法。首先,通过小波变换获得不同频率的子带图像;然后,利用多尺度Retinex算法对低频子带图像进行增强处理;对于高频子带图像,利用可变阈值去噪,引入图像清晰度参数,依据参数值对高频图像进行适度增强。最后,对处理后的高、低频图像进行小波逆变换与重构,实现电路板红外图像增强。对增强后的红外图像进行的定量以及定性评价表明:与单一的利用直方图均衡算法、小波变换法以及多尺度Retinex增强算法相比,本文算法改善了某些发热芯片区域红外图像对比度低且细节模糊问题,抑制了噪声,提升了电路板红外图像整体视觉效果。     

基于二代Curvelet变换的红外与可见光图像融合

针对红外与可见光成像传感器的物理特性,提出了一种基于二代Curvelet变换的图像融合算法.首先对原始图像分别进行快速离散Curvelet变换,得到不同尺度与方向下的子带系数.对低频子带系数,根据红外图像的目标特性与可见光图像的细节信息确定其融合权值;对不同尺度与方向下的高频子带系数,采用基于局部区域能量匹配的融合规则.最后经Curvelet逆变换得到融合结果.实验结果表明,该算法可以有效地综合可见光与红外图像中的重要信息,其融合结果较典型的基于塔式分解与基于小波变换的图像融合算法,在主观视觉效果与客观评价指标上均有所改善.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks