Modelling and computation of curing and damage of thermosets

The curing of thermosets is a complex process involving the transition from a fluid into a (visco-) elastic solid. This phase transition comes along with an increase in stiffness and a volume shrinkage of the polymer. The latter may lead to severe residual strains and stresses, which in turn can cause damage in the final, usually quasi-brittle material. In this contribution a constitutive model is developed which takes into account the curing of a thermosetting material together with the process-induced damage as resulting from curing shrinkage. The curing of the material is governed by a phenomenological hypoelastic constitutive equation which includes temporal evolutions for stiffness and volume shrinkage. Thermal and viscous effects are neglected in the present study. An isotropic gradient-enhanced damage model is adapted to describe the damage evolution. The curing-damage model is implemented into a finite element code and numerical examples for thermosetting materials demonstrate that the proposed model is capable to predict cure-induced damage in thermosets.     

热交换器的分类及优缺点分析

热交换器是将不同温度介质之间的热量通过热传导的形式,由高温介质传递给低温介质,使介质达到生产所需温度的工艺设备,也可作为一种节能设备使用.通过对不同热交换器的结构分析,总结不同热交换器的优缺点、适用环境,为生产工艺设计人员及设备制造单位在选择可降低能耗、提高效率的设备上提供参考.     

聚苯胺及其复合物的制备和结构及形貌分析

通过化学氧化法分别制备盐酸,盐酸和十二烷基苯磺酸,碳纳米管(MWNTs-COOH)掺杂的聚苯胺,利用红外光谱,紫外光谱,扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对所制备聚苯胺的结构和形貌进行分析。分析不同掺杂物对聚苯胺的结构和形貌的影响;同时研究了超声波作用对聚苯胺形貌以及聚苯胺包裹MWNTs-COOH情况的影响。     

SARS传染病数学建模及预测预防控制机理研究

首先，利用疾病传播的一般规律及人口守恒统计法则建立了四类人的SARS传染病数学模型，然后运用数学方法对四类人的SARS传染病数学模型进行分析，得出了其生理意义和预防、控制机理。其次，利用人工神经网络理论建立了SARS的预测模型，以北京市的SARS数据为例进行了预测和分析，预测结果显示该模型简单易行，预测精度高。     

HRP引发酚类与淀粉接枝共聚物的制备及结构性能表征

降解淀粉和酚类在辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)/H2O2的催化作用下进行自由基接枝共聚反应,制备了淀粉和酚类接枝共聚物。研究了淀粉降解程度、酚类单体配比、HRP用量、反应温度和pH对接枝改性淀粉结构与性能的影响。研究结果表明,用α-淀粉酶降解后的淀粉15与12g间苯三酚(PG)和20g对羟基苯磺酸钠(HBS)在5mg HRP/H2O2引发体系下,在30℃及pH值为7.0时反应5h制备的酚类与淀粉接枝共聚物具有较好的性能,其水溶液的表面张力为26.6mN/m,所鞣制皮革收缩温度(Ts)达到了78℃。用FT-IR、1 H NMR、UV-Vis和GPC等方法对产物的化学结构进行了表征。     

浙江省高校教职工体质状况的调查与分析

通过对浙江省7所高校560名教职工健康意识和体育行为的调查问卷以及对他们的体态、机能、素质测试资料的统计分析,表明教职工体质总体尚好,而中年教职工的健康应引起重视.根据这次调查并结合全省情况我们对教职工的体质与健康问题提出了几点建议.     

单片机和可编程逻辑器件通用接口设计及应用

在研制基于单片机的智能仪器“导爆索、雷管爆速校准仪”的过程中,引入可编程逻辑器件来处理超过单片机处理能力范围的高速信号,并开发了一套有效结合单片机和可编程逻辑器件的方法。     

Liq的合成和提纯及蓝色OLED的试制

报导了8-羟基喹啉锂（Liq）的合成及其提纯方法；用元素分析、X射线衍射谱、紫外吸收光谱对提纯后的样品性能进行表征；研制了结构为ITO／PVK：TPD／Liq／Al的蓝色发光器件，用原子力显微镜分析了纯度与Liq薄膜的表面形态及器件发光性能间的关系，并且也研究了其光致发光和电致发光特性。     

SMC／BMC的回收与再利用

SMC／BMC废弃物对工业及环境造成了很大影响，指出了SMC／BMC回收再利用的紧迫性。通过对目前国际上SMC／BMC回收再利用的3种典型途径优缺点的对比，参照国外SMC／BMC回收再利用的先进方法，对我国SMC／BMC回收再利用提供了可行的建议．     

Density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin

New measurements are reported for the density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin. The density was determined from room temperature to 60°C for tetralin and to 95°C for trans-decalin. The kinematic viscosity was measured up to temperatures slightly above 100°C. Our results improve upon the values recommended by the American Petroleum Institute for these liquids.     

PSD和PWELCH函数的分析改进及应用

针对MATLAB中两个内建功率谱密度计算函数psd()和pwelch()计算结果迥异的现象,在功率谱密度估计理论的基础上,根据经典的周期图理论和Welch平均周期图方法,通过详细分析源程序,解析计算方法,发现psd()计算的并不是工程单边功率谱密度,而是采样信号双边谱,故与pwelch()结果迥异,另外pwelch()不能对分段信号数据进行预处理。就上述不足提出了相应的改进措施,比较验证表明改进措施行之有效。     

Synthesis and characterizations of nanoribbons and monodispersed nanocrystals of CuBr

Nanoribbons and monodispersed nanocrystals of CuBr have been prepared by a simple reaction between CuO suspension, NH₂OH·HCl and KBr in the presence of deionized gelatin at 10 °C. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The sizes of the monodispersed nanocrystals of CuBr were estimated by Debye-Scherrer formula according to XRD spectrum.     

苯胺与二苯胺共聚物的合成与表征

以过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂，合成了苯胺和二苯胺的共聚物。利用元素分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见光谱(UV—vis)和电导率测定等手段，研究了介质组成、单体配比等对聚合产率及共聚物结构和性能的影响。结果表明，得到的产物是苯胺和二苯胺的无规共聚物，介质中有机溶剂(乙醇)比例的增加，有利于二苯胺的聚合，随着共聚物中二苯胺结构单元的增加，共聚物的电导率下降，而溶解率升高，在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的溶解率最大可以达到79．0％。     

ECAP变形与材料组织性能控制的研究

等径弯曲通道变形(ECAP)是制备超细晶材料的新工艺,其基本原理是将试样放入横截面形状完全相同、并成一定角度的弯曲通道中,试样在压力作用下通过通道时,在通道弯曲处产生一定量均匀的纯剪切变形,最终获得很高的变形量,使材料组织发生明显细化.详细介绍了ECAP变形工艺路线对晶粒细化的影响,以及ECAP变形制备超细晶材料的显微组织特征及其力学性能.     

超细粉体的团聚机理和表征及消除

当粉体的尺度达到纳米级时,就会有独特的性能和广泛的应用。但是由于其较小的粒度,因此在制备和应用的过程中容易发生团聚。本文中对超细粉末的团聚机理进行了介绍,同时分析了液相法制备超细粉体过程中团聚形成的原因,以及团聚程度的表征和减少团聚的方法。另外对今后的发展方向提出了一些建议。     

甲壳素与壳聚糖的改性及应用

甲壳素、壳聚糖及其衍生物是一种天然高分子,随着对其研究的深入发展,涉及的内容和应用范围越来越广泛.概述了甲壳素、壳聚糖的结构、性质及其化学改性和共混改性的方法,简单介绍了它们的应用领域.     

Mechanochemical Synthesis and SHS of Diborides of Titanium and Zirconium

Some properties of titanium diboride (TiB₂) obtained by explosive mechanochemical synthesis and self-propagated high-temperature synthesis (SHS) have been investigated. The properties of zirconium diboride (ZrB₂) obtained by SHS have also been studied. There is a general opinion that explosive mechanochemical synthesis proceeds by a SHS mechanism. For that reason, it is of interest to compare the properties of a product synthesized from the same reagents, by both mechanochemical synthesis and SHS. In order to elucidate the peculiarities of mechanochemical synthesis, the changes in shape and size of the titanium particles occurring during their mechanical treatment up to the moment of synthesis have been examined. Titanium and zirconium powders with particles differing drastically in shape and size have been used for the synthesis of TiB₂ and ZrB₂ by SHS. It has been shown that irrespective of the difference in properties of the reagents, the products obtained have some common properties characteristic of the synthesis method and important with respect to the practical applications of the borides of titanium and zirconium.     

艺术设计史观的解构与重述

目的建构符合艺术设计学学科逻辑的历史写作观念与方法。方法一方面对国内艺术设计史写作的体例进行具体分析,提出其写作中以风格化和形式分析为导向的诸多缺陷;另一方面则引述艺术史与建筑史研究的相关成果,试图对艺术设计史研究进行修正,主要以"线性的艺术史的终结"与"建构文化研究"两则话题为参照。结论同建筑史与艺术史观念变化的动因相同,当下的艺术设计史写作应产生出与线性的、发展的和进步式的"大设计史"所能相互补充的,类别的、微观的、技术的设计史。同时,设计史注定不等于艺术史和美学史,其研究不能单纯视作社会史表述的补充,而应体现其制造本质,从而形成理论与实践的交互。     

Exploration of new superconductors and functional materials,and fabrication of superconducting tapes and wires of iron pnictides

Abstract

This review shows the highlights of a 4-year-long research project supported by the Japanese Government to explore new superconducting materials and relevant functional materials. The project found several tens of new superconductors by examining ～1000 materials, each of which was chosen by Japanese experts with a background in solid state chemistry. This review summarizes the major achievements of the project in newly found superconducting materials, and the fabrication wires and tapes of iron-based superconductors; it incorporates a list of ～700 unsuccessful materials examined for superconductivity in the project. In addition, described are new functional materials and functionalities discovered during the project.