基于粒度的知识粗糙性研究

粒度计算是粗糙集理论研究的一种强有力的工具。在粗糙集理论中,提出知识是有粒度的并定义了知识粗糙度的概念。众所周知,知识获取是专家系统开发的"瓶颈"问题。文中主要从知识粒度、分辨度以及重要度等方面入手,着重研究了知识粗糙性的粒度原理与知识粗糙性的关系,提出了一种基于属性重要度的粗糙性知识获取算法,并通过理论与实验,证明该算法是正确的,行之有效的。     

粗糙集不确定性度量的矩阵运算

粗糙集的不确定性度量是粗糙集理论的重要研究内容之一。结合模糊理论和粒计算理论改进了粗糙集的不确定性度量方法。通过集合的相对知识粒度及边界熵给出了粗糙集的粗糙性度量函数与模糊性度量函数,随着近似空间知识粒的细分,粗糙集的粗糙度与模糊度均满足单调递减的性质。利用矩阵理论提出了易于实现的粗糙性度量与模糊性度量的矩阵算法。     

基于知识粒度的粗糙集的不确定性度量

粗糙集的不确定性与其所在近似空间知识粒度的大小密切相关.提出了近似空间中集合的相对知识粒度的概念.基于相对知识粒度的粗糙集的粗糙性度量既刻画了近似空间对粗糙集不确定性的影响,又去除了负域的干扰.从边界熵的角度提出了一种粗糙集的模糊性度量.随着近似空间知识粒的细分,粗糙集的粗糙度与模糊度均单调递减.     

一种新的基于粒度重要度的三支决策模型

粒度重要度是多粒度粗糙集中的一项重要研究内容。针对现有粒度重要度只考虑单个粒度对决策的直接影响而忽略了其他粒度对决策综合影响的问题,结合多粒度粗糙集近似质量的概念,通过研究粒度重要度的构造方法,提出了一种新的多粒度间的粒度重要度的计算方法,并给出了基于该方法的粒度约简算法。同时,为减少冗余决策信息,将约简集与三支决策理论相结合,构建了基于粒度重要度的三支决策模型,给出了决策规则。最后通过实例证明,新的粒度约简算法可以获得具有更高区分度的数据,且缩小了延迟域范围,使最终决策更合理。     

基于多粒度粗糙直觉犹豫模糊集的最优粒度选择方法

为了对含有多属性的直觉犹豫模糊决策信息系统进行约简,获取最优粒度,运用多粒度粗糙集处理直觉犹豫模糊决策信息系统中的不确定信息,并对多粒度粗糙直觉犹豫模糊集的最优粒度选择方法进行了研究.首先,在直觉犹豫模糊集的基础上引入属性信息,给出粗糙直觉犹豫模糊集的概念,提出乐观、悲观多粒度粗糙直觉犹豫模糊集的下、上近似这4种模型,且研讨了它们的性质.其次,主要定义了基于悲观多粒度粗糙直觉犹豫模糊集下近似的粒度质量相似度和内、外粒度重要度的计算公式,设计了其最优粒度选择算法.最后,通过葡萄酒测评的案例,分别基于乐观、悲观多粒度粗糙直觉犹豫模糊集的下、上近似这4种情况,计算出最优粒度并进行了分析,验证了该算法在直觉犹豫模糊决策信息系统中的约简是有效的.     

基于二进制可辨矩阵的知识粒度研究及应用

粗糙集理论是一种新型的处理模糊和不确定知识的数学工具,其对知识的理解是认为知识与分类相关、知识是有粒度的。文中利用粗糙集理论中的二进制可辨矩阵讨论知识的粒度计算及其应用,得到了二进制可辨矩阵若干定理及推论,并提出计算知识的分辨度和属性重要度的新方法,利用这些理论和公式,可快速计算出知识的分辨度和属性重要度,相对正域和负域等,为以后的属性约简和规则提取打下基础。并给出这些方法的应用,表明了文中提出的方法的有效性。     

基于二进制可辨矩阵的知识粒度研究及应用

粗糙集理论是一种新型的处理模糊和不确定知识的数学工具，其对知识的理解是认为知识与分类相关、知识是有粒度的。文中利用粗糙集理论中的二进制可辨矩阵讨论知识的粒度计算及其应用，得到了二进制可辨矩阵若干定理及推论，并提出计算知识的分辨度和属性重要度的新方法，利用这些理论和公式、可快速计算出知识的分辨度和属性重要度，相对正域和负域等．为以后的属性约简和规则提取打下基础。并给出这些方法的应用，表明了文中提出的方法的有效性。     

知识粗糙性与知识粒度的关系研究

提出了知识的粒数、籽数和粒度的概念,证明了粗糙集理论中知识粗糙性与其所对应的粒度之间的单调关系,从而揭示了知识粗糙性与其所对应的知识的粒数、籽数和粒度之间的密切关系。知识粒度的概念从物理意义上反映了知识库中的知识颗粒状结构的本质。     

知识粗糙性与知识粒度的关系研究

提出了知识的粒数、籽数和粒度的概念,证明了粗糙集理论中知识粗糙性与其所对应的粒度之间的单调关系,从而揭示了知识粗糙性与其所对应的知识的粒数、籽数和粒度之间的密切关系。知识粒度的概念从物理意义上反映了知识库中的知识颗粒状结构的本质。     

模糊知识粒度计算与应用

根据自反模糊关系,将知识粒度的概念推广为模糊知识粒度.考虑传统模糊粗糙集的粗糙性度量和相似性度量,忽略了模糊集的粗糙近似处于不同知识粒度背景中这样一个重要因素,结合模糊知识粒度的计算,提出了模糊粗糙集的粗糙性度量和相似性度量的新方法.最后,在一个实际的模糊信息系统中,给出了基于模糊知识粒度的知识约简算法.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。