Hydraulic model studies of the main radial gates of navigation of locks

Conclusion The required increase of the pulling force of the main hoisting-falling radial gate of a navigation lock in its emergency operating regime in comparison with the normal regime depends on the designs and dimensions of all elements of the gate framework. Therefore, a gate should be designed on the basis of primarily the need to ensure its reliable operation in an emergency regime as the most severe one. The value of the pulling force when lifting the gate into running water can be preliminarily estimated by a hydraulic calculation, but owing to its dependence on many factors difficult to take into account it should be checked by model investigations.Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 8, pp. 46–48, August, 1989.     

大型人字闸门设计计算中的若干问题

在人字闸门设计中,通常将闸门分割为一些平面构件进行计算,难以全面反映闸门的整体性能力。为此,针对人字闸门的构造型式、受力特点和变形规律,提出了分析人字门的组合有限元模型,并据以研制了空间薄壁结构分析程序(TWSAP)。该分析模型在葛洲坝人字门的现场试验中得到了很好的验证。为增加闸门刚度,对大型人字闸门采用增设背拉杆并对其施加预应力,以抵消闸门自重引起的翘曲变形。对于背拉杆预应力的作用及施加条件、预应力施加方法进行了研究,并以三峡人字闸门为例,对两种背拉杆预应力施加方案进行了实例比较。从施工方便及施加预应力较少角度出发,推荐先对主背拉杆再对副背拉杆施加预应力的方案。对于三种不同构造的人字门,分别对其抗扭刚度、用钢量和用钢效率,以及最大位移、背拉杆内力等技经指标进行了比较,从而为选择经济合理的闸门形式提供了依据。     

三峡永久船闸人字门焊接施工

三峡永久船闸为双线、平行、连续布置的五级特大型船闸,分南北线,中心线相距为94m。每线船闸主体段由6个闸首、5个闸室组成。共设12套（24扇）人字门,每扇门体分12节运抵工地,现场直立拼焊成一整体。构成门体的主要材料为Q345B及部分DH36低合金钢,板厚从 10～75 mm不等。船闸人字门焊接工作量大,焊接强度高,工期特别紧张,门体结构复杂,施工空间较小,焊接应力控制严格,从控制焊接变形、减小焊接应力出发,对焊接工艺、焊接顺序进行经验总结与理论探讨。     

提高人字闸门抗疲劳强度的思考

根据葛洲坝船闸人字闸门运行10年后出现的裂纹情况，就产生疲劳裂纹的因素及人字闸门的应力分析，阐述了人字闸门产生裂纹的原因，提出了防范疲劳裂纹的具体措施及对有关问题的思考。     

Gate protection for navigation locks

A design is presented for the installation of a barrier element for lock gates.     

长洲水利枢纽大型人字闸门制造工艺

介绍长洲水利枢纽人字闸门制造的组装与焊接工艺,以及关键部件焊接变形的控制。     

三峡临时船闸人字门运行方式原型观测

对三峡临时船闸人字门运行方式和启闭力进行了原型观测．现场调试结果与物理模型试验结果一致.     

三峡水利枢纽工程永久船闸人字门安装工艺

1概述永久船闸是长江三峡水利枢纽工程的主要通航建筑物,为双线五级船闸.每线船闸主体段由6个闸首、5个闸室组成,总长1621m,闸室平面有效尺寸280m×34m(长×宽),闸室坎上最小水深5m.每个闸首设有一套(两扇)巨型人字闸门.人字门由门体、背拉杆、防护梁、支垫块、底止水等组成,其安装工程量大吊装运输单元多,外形尺寸及重量大,而且安装程序复杂,拼装、焊接技术要求高,主要安装技术特性见表1.2人字门安装程序人字门安装的基本原则是先吊装、焊接门体,再安装附件,最后进行门体调试.主要施工程序为:底枢及枕座埋件安装门体吊装拼焊顶枢安装…     

三峡永久船闸人字门液压启闭机运行方式优化试验研究

三峡工程连续五级船闸上闸首人字门液压直联式启闭机 1∶ 2 0物理模型试验研究表明 ,建立的伺服式液压启闭机及其计算机控制系统 ,在模型试验中可实现各种变速运行方式 ;启闭机采用无级变速运行时 ,能较大幅度地降低动水阻力矩峰值 ;动水阻力矩峰值与闸门角的加 (减 )速度基本呈线性关系 .     

船闸廊道输水阀门振动研究进展

本文根据国内外船闸廊道输水阀门运行中发现的振动情况及80年代以来我国高水头船闸设计与研究中取得的成就，讨论了船闸廊道输水阀门振动研究方面的进展。文中分析了阀门作用力的性质、量级及其影响因素，阐明了研究阀门结构动特性的重要性，介绍了结构动特性及其优化问问设计的最新技术。结合实际工程论述了应用这些新技术所取得的显著效果。这些成果可为今后高水头船闸阀门设计与科研提供参考。     

三峡船闸人字门顶枢预应力锚杆安装及张拉

三峡永久船闸人字门顶枢A、B拉架在国内首次采用了大型 (杆径为 85mm ,杆长 690 0mm)预应力锚杆 ,使其工作荷载通过锚杆向闸首的混凝土深层传递 ,改善了结构的受力状态 ,从而进一步提高了人字门运行的安全可靠性。在施工过程中除应满足所制定的技术条件外 ,对安装工艺、预应力张拉及测试方法等制定出严格的工艺措施 ,以达到人字门运行的高标准要求。     

大型人字闸门主要构件的抗扭性能研究

本文对某船闸的大型人字闸门进行了理论分析和抗扭性能试验研究，得到了其在启闭状态下的变形及应力分布规律，给出了门体各主要构件抗扭能力特征的定量定性分析成果，理论分析与试验研究的成果吻合较好。     

船闸闸门三支承铰连接螺栓断裂研究

针对船闸闸门三支承铰连接螺栓存在的断裂问题，结合对其进行的检测与研究，分析了支铰连接螺栓断裂的原因，指出支铰连接螺栓的断裂主要是由于三支铰轴不同心、支铰轴同心度存在较大偏差所造成的；同时，螺栓材质选用不当及螺栓松动亦加速了螺栓的断裂．此外，进一步分析研究了闸门在不同支承约束情况下构件应力的分配变化规律，提出了改进措施和建议，从而消除了螺栓断裂隐患，确保船闸的运行安全。     

三峡永久船闸人字门安装工艺措施简述

介绍了三峡水利枢纽双线五级船闸人字闸门主要技术参数、技术特点和安装工艺，建立了闸门安装测量质量控制网点。该安装工艺可供其他水利水电工程借鉴。     

The impact of intermediate‐head navigation locks on downstream fish passage

Navigation in inland waterways is increasingly important worldwide and so is inherently the construction and use of navigation locks. However, the impact of navigation locks on downstream migrating fish is rarely documented. In Belgium, the Albert Canal connecting the Meuse River to the Scheldt Estuary may offer migration opportunities for European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), two critically endangered species. During their downstream migration phase (respectively silver eels and salmon smolts), both species have to pass five intermediate‐head navigation locks before reaching the estuary. Previous research showed that silver eel escapement is largely unsuccessful and that eels are delayed extensively at the navigation lock complexes. To get a better understanding of the mechanisms behind these failures and delays, we tagged and released 62 silver eels and 44 salmon smolts in the vicinity of one navigation lock complex of the canal. This paper reports the mechanisms behind the previously perceived delay, the route choices to pass the complex, and the risks involved. Of the 65% tagged eels and 73% tagged smolts that succeeded to pass the complex, respectively, 20% and 41% needed more than one trial to pass the complex. Moreover, 52% of all trials were via intakes of the lock filling system, at least four smolts (17%) died after intake passing, and about 30% of both intake‐passing smolts and eels stopped migrating after passage. Therefore, intermediate‐head navigation locks are a potential threat to downstream migrating fish, which requires more research to fully investigate its impact.