芝麻饼粕蛋白应用进展

该文综述芝麻饼粕蛋白营养特性、提取方法及其功能性和应用,并展望芝麻饼粕蛋白应用前景。     

山核桃饼粕蛋白提取工艺的优化

采用二次正交旋转组合试验设计对碱提酸沉法提取山核桃饼粕蛋白的工艺进行优化。结果表明,山核桃饼粕蛋白的等电点为pI 5.0;其最佳提取条件为提取液pH值9.0,提取时间124min,提取温度53℃,料液比1∶22(m∶V),该条件下的实际平均提取率为(67.94±0.05)%。     

芝麻饼粕蛋白研究进展

芝麻是重要的油料作物,其饼粕蛋白含量丰富,芝麻蛋白经水解可制得具有功能活性的芝麻多肽,具有抗氧化活性等功能。本文介绍了芝麻蛋白的功能性质和提取方法,以及芝麻多肽的制备工艺和活性评价的研究进展,为芝麻蛋白资源的充分开发利用提供参考。      

菜籽饼粕中分离蛋白的制备

在传统的碱提酸沉工艺基础上结合超滤制备菜籽分离蛋白。通过正交试验结果分析得到菜籽分离蛋白碱提酸沉条件为:在pH13,温度40℃,料液比(g/ml)分别为1:10、1:8和1:6下提取3次,每次40min;调pH4.5沉淀。上清液超滤工艺条件:40℃,流速2m/s,压力0.1MPa。喷雾干燥后产品的粗蛋白含量为70.5%,蛋白得率为54.7%。     

响应面法优化芝麻饼粕蛋白的制备条件

采用响应面法研究了碱溶酸沉法对芝麻饼粕蛋白的制备技术。结果表明,芝麻饼粕蛋白的最佳制备工艺条件为:NaOH浓度0.37mol/L,提取温度75.19℃,提取时间4.7h,液料比25.19,提取次数1次。在此条件下,芝麻饼粕蛋白质提取率为76.22%,蛋白纯度达到58.76%。     

响应面优化紫苏饼粕蛋白提取工艺

以脱脂紫苏饼粕为原料,采取碱溶酸沉法提取紫苏饼粕蛋白.在单因素试验基础上,选取碱提pH、碱提温度、碱提时间3个考察因素,以紫苏饼粕蛋白提取率作为评价指标,采用响应面优化结合Box-Behnken设计试验获得最佳提取工艺条件.结果 表明,紫苏饼粕蛋白提取的最佳工艺参数为:饼粕颗粒大小＜0.25 mm,料液比1∶25(g/...     

芝麻饼粕发酵提取物提取工艺研究

酱油曲霉2128发酵芝麻饼粕提取抗氧化物质，并对发酵条件和抗氧化物质的活性进行了研究。结果表明发酵后提取物比芝麻木脂素的抗氧化活性有显著提高，通过试验确定酱油曲霉2128发酵芝麻饼粕的最佳工艺：接种量为3mL，发酵时间为4d，提取液甲醇水溶液浓度为70％（v/v），提取物清除DPPH达95．21％。     

芝麻饼粕蛋白质的理化和功能性质研究

对碱溶酸沉法、超声辅助碱提法和蛋白酶法3种工艺制备的芝麻饼粕蛋白质PA、PU和PE的理化和功能性质进行了研究,结果表明3种工艺制备的芝麻饼粕蛋白质氨基酸组成无显著差异,除赖氨酸含量较低外,其他必需氨基酸组成均接近或高于FAO/WHO模式;芝麻饼粕蛋白的相对分子质量大小顺序为PAPUPE。芝麻饼粕蛋白质的溶解性、持水性、持油性、乳化性、起泡性及起泡稳定性大小顺序为:PEPUPA,且芝麻饼粕蛋白质的p H-乳化性曲线与p H-溶解性曲线相似,溶解度和乳化性在等电点(p H 4)时最低。     

亚临界水水解脱脂高温芝麻饼粕中蛋白与糖类研究

亚临界水是一种绿色化学反应介质,已经应用于农副产品加工。为拓展芝麻饼粕的利用途径,采用亚临界水将脱脂高温芝麻饼粕中的水不溶性蛋白与糖分别水解为水溶性小分子物质。以上清液中蛋白、多肽和氨基酸、还原糖浓度为指标,考察亚临界水温度、时间与pH对降解芝麻饼粕中蛋白与糖的影响。电泳结果显示亚临界水可以有效将因高温变性形成的高分子蛋白降解成低分子蛋白;亚临界水温度、加热时间与pH是芝麻蛋白和糖类水解的显著影响因素;选择适宜的亚临界水条件可以将原上清液中(0.08±0.01)mg/mL、(6.40±0.08)mg/mL、(1.2±0.1)μmol/L、(0.36±0.01)mg/mL的蛋白、多肽、氨基酸与还原糖浓度增加到(5.29±0.08)mg/mL、(22.28±0.05)mg/mL、(185.5±2.7)μmol/L和(4.28±0.12)mg/mL。     

蛋白酶法制备芝麻饼粕蛋白质的工艺研究

以脱脂后的芝麻饼粕为原料,采用酶法提取法制备芝麻饼粕蛋白质。在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交实验确定蛋白酶法制备芝麻饼粕蛋白质最佳工艺条件为:酶解时间45min,p H9,酶解温度50℃,加酶量4000U/g,液料比20∶1。在此最佳条件下,芝麻饼粕蛋白质提取率为80.12%。所得产品蛋白质含量为67.89%。     

超声波和微波技术在芝麻饼粕ACE抑制肽制备中的应用

为了探索超声波和微波技术在芝麻饼粕ACE抑制肽制备中的应用,分别以超声波和微波对芝麻饼粕预处理,超声波辅助酶解,研究了超声波功率、超声波时间、微波功率、微波时间和加酶量对ACE抑制率的影响。结果表明:超声波预处理功率为4 W/m L、预处理10 min、添加1 300 U/g碱性蛋白酶时得到的芝麻饼粕ACE抑制肽的IC50值为2.81 mg/m L。超声波辅助酶解过程中超声功率选择0.5 W/m L、添加1 700 U/g碱性蛋白酶、酶解15 min时得到的芝麻饼粕ACE抑制肽的IC50值为2.96 mg/m L。微波预处理功率为1.33W/m L、微波预处理5 min时得到的芝麻饼粕ACE抑制肽的IC50值为2.81 mg/m L。     

Aqueous enzymatic sesame oil and protein extraction

In the present work we evaluated five enzyme-mixtures (Protex 7L, Alcalase 2.4L, Viscozyme L, Natuzyme, and Kemzyme) for their effectiveness in extracting the oil and protein recovery from sesame seeds during an enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction (EAAE) process. Alcalase 2.4L was found to be the best for attaining a high oil yield (57.4% of the total oil content in the seed), whereas, the maximum amount of protein (87.1% of the total seed protein), was recovered in the aqueous phase with Protex 7L. The quality attributes such as fatty acids profile, density, refractive index, free fatty acid contents, iodine value, colour, saponification number and unsaponifiable matter of the sesame oil, extracted by aqueous enzymatic process, were comparable with that of the control (oil extracted without enzyme treatment) and hexane-extracted oil (HEO), revealing no significant (p > 0.05) variations among oils, produced by either of the methods. The oxidative stability state of the enzyme-extracted oil (EEO) was noted to be considerably improved relative to the control and HEO. The amount of tocopherols for the oils, produced by the enzyme–adjuvant was found to be higher than the control and HEO. An appreciable increase in the antioxidant activity as assessed by determinations of total phenolic contents, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation of EEO was also established. Overall, the present results revealed improvement in the quality of the EEO while a major portion of the food grade protein was also extracted in the aqueous phase.     

A kinetic study on sesame cake protein hydrolysis by Alcalase

In the present study, the hydrolysis of sesame cake protein was performed by Alcalase, a bacterial protease produced by Bacillus licheniformis, to investigate the reaction kinetics of sesame cake hydrolysis and to determine decay and product inhibition effects for Alcalase. The reactions were carried out for 10 min in 0.1 L of aqueous solutions containing 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 g protein/L at various temperature and pH values. To determine decay and product inhibition effects for Alcalase, a series of inhibition experiments were conducted with the addition of various amounts of hydrolysate. The reaction kinetics was investigated by initial rate approach. The initial reaction rates were determined from the slopes of the linear models that fitted to the experimental data. The kinetic parameters, K(m) and V(max), were estimated as 41.17 g/L and 9.24 meqv/L x min. The Lineweaver-Burk plots showed that the type of inhibition for Alcalase determined as uncompetitive, and the inhibition constant, K(i), was estimated as 38.24% (hydrolysate/substrate mixture). Practical Application: Plant proteins are increasingly being used as an alternative to proteins from animal sources to perform functional roles in food formulation. Knowledge of the kinetics of the hydrolysis reaction is essential for the optimization of enzymatic protein hydrolysis and for increasing the utilization of plant proteins in food products. Therefore, in the present study, the hydrolysis of sesame cake protein was performed by Alcalase, a bacterial protease produced by B. licheniformis, to investigate the reaction kinetics of sesame cake hydrolysis and to determine decay and product inhibition effects for Alcalase.     

响应面优化酶法制备芝麻饼粕ACE抑制肽研究

以芝麻饼粕为原料酶法制备具有降血压活性的血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制肽,在单因素试验基础上进行酶解条件的响应面优化,结果显示芝麻饼粕ACE抑制肽酶法制备的最优条件为p H 8.88,酶解温度46℃,底物质量浓度85 mg/m L,酶解时间24 min。高效液相色谱测得ACE抑制肽的IC50值3.03 mg/m L,进一步经过膜分离,发现经过碱性蛋白酶酶解后,芝麻多肽从平均相对分子质量8 949.62降低到1 721.90,其中酶解液中相对相对分子质量大于10 000的物质仅占1.65%,小于2 000的物质占73.83%,为进一步研究芝麻饼粕ACE抑制肽的制备提供参考。     

Antioxidant activity of sesame cake extract

Sesame cake was extracted with methanol to obtain a crude antioxidant extract. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of antioxidants/lignans present in the extract was carried out by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a C₁₈ column. In this study, sesame cake was also subjected to successive extractions with solvents of differing polarity to get a purified antioxidant extract with higher antioxidant content and better activity. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the β-carotene bleaching method, linoleic acid peroxidation method and free radical scavenging assay, using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH). Results showed that crude extract was effective at 100 and 200 ppm levels and comparable with butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) at 200 ppm, whereas purified extract showed comparable or better activities at 5, 10, 50, 100 and 200 ppm levels.     

可变形芝麻和花生饼的渗透率试验与数值模拟

进行了芝麻与花生饼植物油料的压榨渗透率试验。考虑芝麻与花生饼的孔隙率、渗透率在压榨过程中的变化,根据流固耦合渗流理论,建立了可变形芝麻与花生饼的一维渗流微分方程,给出了一维定常耦合渗流问题的解析解。在渗透率的试验基础上,采用改进模拟退火计算方法对与芝麻与花生饼渗透率模型参数进行了反演。研究表明:饼中孔隙压力与渗透率均为非线性分布;渗透率与有效应力呈指数关系。     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取苦杏仁渣中杏仁蛋白工艺

利用超声波辅助碱溶酸沉法研究了从甘肃产苦杏仁渣中提取杏仁蛋白质的工艺。在单因素实验的基础上,利用响应法优化了三个提取参数(提取时间、pH、温度)对蛋白提取率的影响。建立了杏仁蛋白提取率与因素变量的二次回归模型方程,该回归模型显著。响应面分析结果表明,最佳提取条件为:超声波辅助下温度48℃,提取时间1.2h,pH 11。在此条件下,蛋白质的提取率为79.74%±0.60%。